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九年级英语（外研版）衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
专题十五 定语从句：关系代词与关系副词
【教材出处】
八下 Unit 4 Helping out：who /which/that 引导的定语从句
八下 Unit 6 Living with nature：where /when 引导的定语从句
八上 Unit 5 Play by the rules ：阅读语篇渗透定语从句
【考点精讲】
考点 1 定语从句基本概念
定语从句修饰名词 / 代词，被修饰的词叫先行词；从句由关系词引导，置于先行词后，关系词在从句中充当成分。
基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.
先行词：the girl
关系词：who（从句中作主语）
定语从句：who is standing there
考点 2 关系代词（who /whom/which /that/whose）
关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语。
1. who
指代人，从句可作主语、宾语；作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
作主语：The man who is talking to my father is a doctor.
作宾语：The girl who I met yesterday is very kind.
补充：口语中 who 常替代 whom 作宾语。
2. whom
指代人，仅作从句宾语，正式文体专用，口语多用 who 替换。
The boy whom you saw is my brother.
介词搭配两种写法：
正式（介词前置）：The teacher to whom you talked is Mr Wang.
非正式（介词后置）：The teacher who/whom you talked to is Mr Wang.
补充：中考不重点考查 who 与 whom 区分，掌握 who 即可。
3. which
指代事物，从句作主语、宾语；作宾语可省略。
作主语：The book which is on the desk is mine.
作宾语：The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.
4. that
人、物均可指代，从句作主语、宾语；作宾语可省略。
指人 = who：The man that is talking to my father is a doctor.
指物 = which：The book that is on the desk is mine.
5. whose
表 “…… 的”，从句作定语，人、物均可修饰。
指人：I know the girl whose father is a teacher.
指物：I live in a room whose window faces south.
6. 介词 + 关系代词
关系代词作介词宾语有两种句式：
正式（介词前置）：The school in which I studied is very big.
非正式（介词后置）：The school which I studied in is very big.
关键规则：介词前置时，只能用 which（物）/whom（人），不能用 that/who；介词后置无此限制。
7. 关系代词作主 / 宾语核心区别
关系代词 先行词 从句成分 能否省略
who 人 主语 / 宾语 作宾语可省
which 物 主语 / 宾语 作宾语可省
that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 作宾语可省
whom 人 宾语 可省略
whose 人 / 物 定语 不可省略
两条核心规则：
关系代词作主语：从句谓语单复数与先行词保持一致
The girl who likes music is my friend.（先行词单数，谓语 likes）
The girls who like music are my friends.（先行词复数，谓语 like）
关系代词作宾语：可直接省略
不可省（作主语）：The man who is standing there is my uncle.
可省（作宾语）：The book (which/that) I read is interesting.
考点 3 关系副词（where /when/why）
关系副词在从句中作状语，一律不可省略。
where：地点状语，先行词为地点（school, city, room, place）
This is the school where I studied.
when：时间状语，先行词为时间（day, year, time, moment）
I will never forget the day when I met him.
why：原因状语，先行词只能是 reason
Can you tell me the reason why he was late
考点 4 关系代词 vs 关系副词 判断方法
核心判断标准：看从句是否缺少主语 / 宾语
从句缺主语、宾语 → 用关系代词（who/which/that）
从句主谓宾结构完整 → 用关系副词（where/when/why）
先行词 从句缺主语 / 宾语 从句结构完整（作状语）
人 who /that 无
物 which /that 无
地点 which /that where
时间 which /that when
原因 无 why
例句区分：
This is the school where I studied.
I studied 主谓完整，无宾语，用 where（地点状语）
This is the school which/that I visited.
visit 是及物动词，缺宾语，用 which/that
四、高频失分点整理
失分点 1 混淆 who/which 指代对象
错误：The man which is standing there is my uncle.
正确：The man who/that is standing there is my uncle.
解析：人用 who/that，物用 which
失分点 2 关系代词作宾语重复代词
错误：The book that I bought it is interesting.
正确：The book that I bought is interesting.
解析：that 已经充当 bought 的宾语，不能再加 it
失分点 3 关系代词作主语，谓语单复数不匹配
错误：The girls who likes music are my friends.
正确：The girls who like music are my friends.
解析：谓语跟随先行词单复数变化
失分点 4 分不清 where 和 which/that
错误：This is the school which I studied.
正确：This is the school where I studied.
解析：study 此处为不及物动词，句子不缺宾语，用 where
失分点 5 混淆 whose 和 who’s
错误：Do you know the boy who’s father is a teacher
正确：Do you know the boy whose father is a teacher
解析：whose 表 “…… 的”；who’s = who is
五、九年级衔接预览
九年级 Unit4 Heroes 拓展非限制性定语从句：
用逗号和主句隔开；
不能使用 that；
指人用 who，指物用 which；
大量出现介词 + whom/which 结构。
本专题仅掌握限制性定语从句，为九年级铺垫。
三级过关精练
过关一 基础达标
一、填入合适关系代词 / 关系副词
The boy ________ is reading a book is my brother.
The book ________ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
This is the school ________ I studied.
I will never forget the day ________ I met her.
The man ________ you saw is my uncle.
I know the girl ________ father is a doctor.
The woman ________ is talking to my mother is a teacher.
This is the house ________ I lived last year.
The reason ________ he was late is not clear.
The movie ________ we watched is very exciting.
二、单项选择
The girl ________ is singing is my sister.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
The book ________ I read yesterday is very interesting.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
This is the school ________ I studied two years ago.
A. which B. that C. where D. whose
I know the man ________ daughter is a famous singer.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
The movie ________ we saw last night is very exciting.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
This is the house ________ I lived when I was young.
A. which B. that C. where D. whose
The boy ________ father is a teacher is my classmate.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
The woman ________ you met yesterday is my aunt.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
The book ________ is on the desk is mine.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
I will never forget the day ________ I joined the club.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
过关二 能力提升
三、动词适当形式填空
The girl who ________ (dance) now is my sister.
The book which ________ (be) on the desk is mine.
The students who ________ (study) hard will pass the exam.
This is the best movie that ________ (show) in our school last year.
The boy whose father ________ (be) a teacher is my friend.
四、单项选择
The man ________ is talking to my teacher is from England.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
The book ________ I borrowed from the library is very useful.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
This is the city ________ I was born.
A. which B. that C. whose D. where
Do you know the boy ________ mother is a nurse
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
The film ________ we saw yesterday was very moving.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
This is the park ________ I often play with my friends.
A. which B. that C. where D. whose
The teacher ________ you are waiting for is coming.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
The book ________ cover is blue is mine.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
This is the school ________ I visited last year.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
The reason ________ he was absent is that he was ill.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
过关三 综合突破
五、短文填空：填入关系词
I have a good friend ________ (36) name is Lucy. She is the girl ________ (37) is always ready to help others. She lives in a city ________ (38) there are many beautiful parks. I will never forget the day ________ (39) we first met. We met in a library ________ (40) we often went to read books.
Last week, she gave me a book ________ (41) she bought from the bookstore. The book is about a young man ________ (42) travelled around the world. I like the book very much. It is one of the best books ________ (43) I have ever read. The reason ________ (44) I like it so much is that it tells us to follow our dreams.
参考答案与详细解析
过关一 基础达标
一、填空
who /that 先行词 boy 指人，从句缺主语
which /that 先行词 book 指物，从句缺宾语，可省略
where 先行词 school，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语
when 先行词 day，从句主谓宾完整，缺时间状语
who /whom/that 先行词 man 指人，从句缺宾语，可省略
whose 修饰 father，表所属 “女孩的爸爸”
who /that 先行词 woman 指人，从句缺主语
where 先行词 house，live 不及物，句子完整，地点状语
why 先行词 reason，表原因状语
which /that 先行词 movie 指物，从句缺宾语，可省略
二、单项选择
B 先行词 girl 指人，从句缺主语用 who
A book 指物，缺宾语用 which
C study 不及物，句子完整，地点状语 where
D 修饰 daughter 表所属用 whose
B movie 指物，缺宾语 which
C lived 不及物，地点状语 where
D 修饰 father，所属关系 whose
A woman 指人，作宾语口语常用 who
C book 作主语，指物用 which
D day 时间名词，句子完整，时间状语 when
过关二 能力提升
三、动词变形
is dancing 先行词 girl 单数，现在进行时
is book 单数，which 作主语，谓语单数
study students 复数，who 作主语，谓语原形
was shown last year 过去时；movie 被动，单数 was shown
is whose father 作主语，father 单数，谓语 is
四、单项选择
C man 指人，从句缺主语 who
B book 指物，缺宾语 which
D born 后无宾语，地点状语 where
C 修饰 mother 表所属 whose
B film 指物，缺宾语 which
C play 后无宾语，地点状语 where
A wait for 后缺人，口语优先 who
C 修饰 cover，书的封面，whose
B visit 及物动词缺宾语，which
D reason 搭配 why 作原因状语
过关三 综合突破
whose 修饰 name，朋友的名字
who /that girl 指人，从句缺主语
where city 地点，从句完整，地点状语
when day 时间，完整句子，时间状语
where（优先）/which where 作状语；用 which 需搭配 went to
which /that book 指物，缺宾语
who /that man 指人，缺主语
that 先行词被最高级 best 修饰，只能用 that
why reason 搭配 why 表原因状语

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