资源简介

(共49张PPT)
UNIT 4　
HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
重点词汇
Confucius n. 孔子
Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application
Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.
When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.
学而时习之，不亦说乎
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆
三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。
重点词汇
mansion n. 公馆/宅第
cemetery n. 墓地;公墓（区域）
tomb n. 坟墓（建筑）
grave n. 坟墓 （坑）
重点词汇
philosophy n. 哲学
philosophy = philo (爱) + sophy (智慧)
对智慧的热爱与追求= 哲学
philosopher n. 哲学家
philosophical adj.哲学的；处乱不惊的
descendant n. 后裔，后代，子孙
descendant = de- (向下) + scend (爬; 攀)
+ -ant (表示人或物)
重点词汇
individual adj. 单独的；个别的
n. 个人
individual = in- (不；否定) + divid (分开) + -ual (形容词/名词后缀)
“不能分开的”→ “单独的，个别的”
heel n. 足跟，后跟
Achilles’ heel (喻) (希腊神话)
Achilles是海洋女神和英雄之子，他出生后，海洋女神为了让他刀枪不入，将其倒提着浸在冥河水中，但因为捏住了他的脚踵，所以这个部位没有被冥河水浸泡到。因此，脚踵成为了他唯一的弱点。在特洛伊战争中，阿喀琉斯因这个弱点被特洛伊王子射中的脚踝，因而牺牲。后来，“Achilles’ heel ”被用来比喻任何强大人物或事物身上的唯一薄弱之处或致命的弱点。
重点词汇
kingdom n. 王国，领域
-dom 一种“状态”或“领域”
freedom
wisdom
officialdom
stardom
自由
智慧
官场
明星地位
重点词汇
chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的
n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长(复数: chiefs)
the chief problem 主要问题
the chief cause / reason 主要原因
重点词汇
puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问；难题
vt. (使)迷惑；(使)困惑
puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzlement n. 迷惑；困惑
be a puzzle to sb …对某人来说是个谜
重点词汇
nearby adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近
e.g. We have three sons but none of them lives/ live nearby.
e.g. The river burst its banks(决堤) and flooded nearby towns.
adv
adj
重点词汇
join ... to... 把…和…连接或联结起来
e.g. The nearby country was joined to the kingdom.
“参加”：
join + sb/组织
join in + 活动
重点词汇（导与练P68）
1.break away (from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱;挣脱
归纳拓展
break out (战争、洪水、火灾等) 爆发
break into强行闯入;破门而入
break in打断;插话;强行进入;破门而入
break up打碎;分裂;解体;结束;(关系等) 破裂
break down垮掉;出故障;情不自禁地哭起来
从介词角度区分break in与break into
into 的核心逻辑：进入的内部过程
含义： 表示从外部到内部的运动过程或方向的转变
in 的核心逻辑：在内部的静止状态
含义： 表示在某个空间或范围内部的位置或状态
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/用break的相关短语完成语段
No one knows for sure the reason why the band（乐队） broke 　　　　.
You’ll break　　　　 if you always stay up late.
Though sad,he was determined（决心的）to break away 　　　　the past and start a new chapter in his life.
up
down
from
He broke 　　　 in a rude manner,“What on earth do you mean ”,which astonished us.
Last night,a fire 　　 　　in his house.Fortunately,the firefighters came to the rescue in no time.They 　　　　 　　　the house and saved his grandparents.When seeing them out of danger,he 　　　　　　and wept.
in
broke out
broke into
broke down
2.belong vi.应在 (某处);适应;属于,为……的一员
·belonging n.归属感
·belongings n.所有物;财产
重点词汇（导与练P68）
归纳拓展
·belong to属于
·a sense of belonging归属感
personal belongings 个人财物,私人用品
belong to意为“属于”,没有被动形式,也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接人称代词宾格或名词作宾语。作非谓语时用动词-ing形式(belonging to)。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
(应用文写作之演讲稿)Keep in mind that the world belongs 　　　　the young generation who loves it and decides to make it better.
to
3.as well as同 (一样也);和;还
重点词汇（导与练P69）
归纳拓展
·as well as 相当于in addition to,是一个连词结构,通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致（就远原则）。
·as well表示“也”,相当于too,常放在句子末尾,作为副词短语使用。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
As well as 　　　 　(have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life,she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.
Our head teacher as well as five student representatives
(invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony.
having
was invited
currency n. 通货，货币
current adj. 当前的，现在的，流通的
n. 水流，电流，气流，趋势
military adj. 军事的;军用的
军训
military training
4.defence n.防御;保卫(=defense)
·defend vt.防守;保护;保卫;辩护;维护
·defensive adj.防御的
重点词汇（导与练P69）
归纳拓展
·in defence of 为……辩护
in sb’s defence 为某人辩护
·defend...from/against...
保护……不受……;保卫……防御……
defend oneself 自行辩护
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves 　 　 　　 the sudden attacks(袭击).
(读后续写之动作描写) She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in 　　 　　 (defend).
First of all,children need to know how 　　　　　　　　　　(自我保护) and how to establish relationships in a group.
from/against
defence/defense
to defend themselves
legal adj. 法律的，合法的 ______ adv.
______ adj. 非法的，违法的 ______ adv.
legally
illegal
illegally
5.surround vt.围绕;包围
·surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
·surroundings n.环境;周围的事物
重点词汇（导与练P70）
归纳拓展
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded with/by...被……包围/环绕
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
(应用文写作之建议信)If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle,it’s extremely important to surround yourself 　　　　 people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support. (情感支持）
with
(读后续写之环境描写)The 　　 　　(surround)villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight,which almost takes our breath away.
A small village is surrounded by green trees and it is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
→　　　　　　　　　 　　,a small village is located at the foot of the hill near our school.(用非谓语动词升级)
surrounding
Surrounded by green trees
(读后续写之环境描写)The 　　 　　(surround)villages are bathed in(沐浴在) fascinating moonlight,which almost takes our breath away.
A small village is surrounded by green trees and it is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
→　　　　　　　　　 　　,a small village is located at the foot of the hill near our school.(用非谓语动词升级)
surrounding
Surrounded by green trees
evidence n. 证据;证明
There is some evidence that… 有证据证明…
evident adj. 明显的，显而易见的 ________ adv.
evidently
location n. 地方;地点;位置
locate v. 使位于;确定准确地点
be located in/at/to…: 位于;坐落在
conquer vt. 占领，征服，克服（精神上）
The Romans conquered many parts of Europe.
罗马人征服了欧洲的大部分地区。
The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.
克服恐惧的唯一方式是正视恐惧。
conquest n.征服（行为或事件）
conqueror n.征服者
battle n. 战役;搏斗 v. 搏斗;奋斗
battle 与war的区别，war的规模更大，一场war可能包括很多battle
battle
war
port n. 港口(城市)
passport n. _________
export v/n. ________
import v/n. ________
transport v/n.
护照
出口
进口
交通运输
fascinating adj. 迷人的，及有吸引力的
fascinate v.（使）着迷
fascinated adj. 被迷住的 be fascinated by 对……着迷
fascination n. 着迷，迷恋，吸引力
keep your eyes open (for) 留心，留意…
小心，留意：
_______________________________________
watch out
be careful
6.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
重点词汇（导与练P70）
归纳拓展
·in charge of 主管;负责;掌管
in the charge of=in one’s charge
由……负责/掌管
take charge of 负责;掌管;接管 free of charge (=for free)免费
·get charged 充电
charge (sb) for (doing) sth因 (做) 某事而(向某人) 收费
charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人犯某罪;指责某人(做)某事
for 的核心逻辑：目的、交换、因为
在 charge for 中： 因为对方获得了服务/商品，所以要收钱作为交换。
with 的核心逻辑：伴随、携带、工具
在 charge with 中： 把罪名“附着/携带”到某人身上，即指控。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He forgot to get his electric bicycle 　　　 　(charge) last night.
(读后续写之心理描写)What moved him most was that a complete stranger charged him 　　　　 nothing when he ran out of money on the way.
We have enough evidence to charge you 　　　　 telling a lie.
charged
for
with
7.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
·announcement n.宣布;宣告
·announcer n.广播员;播音员
重点词汇（导与练P71）
归纳拓展
·announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
·make an announcement 宣布
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Now that all of you are here,I have an 　　 　　(announce) to make.
It 　　　 　(announce) that we will have a three-day off.
老师向学生们宣布下周将举行英语竞赛。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 there would be an English contest next week.
announcement
is announced/has been announced
The teacher announced/made an announcement to the students that
amount n. 金额;数量
in large/small amount 大量地/少量地
gallary n.展览馆；画廊
8.approach n.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
·approachable adj.平易近人的
重点词汇（导与练P71）
归纳拓展
an approch to (doing) sth （做）某事的方式/方法
at the approach of... 快到......的时候
with+宾语+approaching=as+宾语+approaches/approached
The teacher I admire most is Mr Li, our maths teacher, who has a unique approach making his class lively and interesting.
the approach of the Spring Festival, we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
to
At
ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
en- + rich (富的)=enrich
en- + able (能的)=enable
en- + large (大的)=enlarge
en- + courage (勇气)=encourage
en- + danger (危险)=endanger
使富裕；使丰富
使能够
扩大
鼓励
使危险
landscape
n. (陆上/乡村的)风景
landmark
landslide
landfall
地标
崩塌
崩塌
generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
generosity n.
generously adv.
buttuer n.黄油；奶油
vt.涂黄油于
honey n.蜂蜜
ancestor n.祖先;祖宗
courtyard n.庭院；院子
position n.位置；姿态；职位
v.安装；安置
snack n.小吃
重点词汇(P77)
1.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
·eagerly adv.热切地;渴望地
·eagerness n.热切;渴望
归纳拓展
·be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager for sth渴望得到某物
be eager that... 热切希望……
·with eagerness 热切地;急切地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Bob was eager 　　　　 a chance to learn traditional Chinese painting,so he was eager 　　　　(join) the exchange programme.
Now that they have made great achievements,they are looking forward to the celebration 　　 　　(eager).
When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday,the boy couldn’t hide his 　　 　　(eager).
for
to join
eagerly
eagerness
poet n. 诗人
poem n. 诗;诗歌(可数名词)
poetry n.诗集; 诗歌; 诗作(不可n)
feast n. 盛宴;宴会;节日(宗教节日)
feast one's eye on sb/sth 大饱眼福
a visual feast 视觉盛宴
roll n. 卷，卷轴, 卷状饰品
roll v.（使）翻滚，打滚 roll out展开
rolling adj. 起伏的
dot n. 点，小圆点
v. 加点，布满
e.g. The sky was dotted with stars.
cattle n. 牛(牛的总称)(集合名词)
是集合名词,前面不能加 a,后面不加s. 作主语时,句子的谓语V用复数.
roar v. / n. 吼叫;咆哮
roar at sb 朝某人咆哮
greet vt. 问候，迎接
greeting n.问候，迎接
pub n.酒吧
是public house的缩写
custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯
customs n. 海关; 关税
customer n. 顾客
sensory adj. 感觉的; 感官的
sense n. 感官 v. 感觉；觉察
a sense of + n. 一种……感
in a sense 从某种意义上说
make sense 有道理；有意义；讲得通
make sense of… 理解；弄懂
striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的
strike v. 罢工; 侵袭; 重创; 打; 碰撞; 打动; 敲钟; (钟)打点/报时
(strike - struck - struck/stricken)
achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到
achieve vt. 完成，达到 vi. 成功
achieve one’s dream/goal/target
make an achievement 取得成就
crowd v. 挤满;使拥挤
n. 人群;一群人;观众 ; 民众;群众
the crowd 人群
a crowd of 一群……
crowd into … 涌入/挤入...
crowded adj. 拥挤的; 挤满的
be crowded with... 挤满了；充满

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