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(共44张PPT)
Attributive clauses (1)
What are attributive clauses
在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可以由从句来修饰。这种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词。
I have an apple. The apple is red.
I have an apple and it is red.
I have an apple which is red.
I have an apple which is red.
主句
定语从句
先行词
关系代词
I remember the day when we met.
先行词
关系副词
主句
定语从句
定语从句
非限制性定语从句：
非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句与先行项之间比较松散，口语中有停顿，书写常用中用逗号隔开
The man, who spoke first, sat on my right.
限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号
I have an apple which is red.
限制性定语从句：
Rules
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中的成分
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语或宾语
whom 指人 宾语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 指人的或物的 定语
Rules
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中的成分
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语或宾语
whom 指人 宾语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 指人的或物的 定语
关系词的作用：
起连词的作用，引导从句
在句中作成分
替代先行词
做题方法：
判断为定语从句
划出先行词
将先行词带入从句，看它在从句中作何成分，得出关系词
Rules
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中的成分
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语或宾语
whom 指人 宾语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 指人的或物的 定语
做题方法：
判断为定语从句
划出先行词
将先行词带入从句，看它在从句中作何成分，得出关系词
Tips：
作主宾表→关系代词
作状语→关系副词
作定语→
一般用whose=of whom/which
Rules
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中的成分
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语或宾语
whom 指人 宾语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 指人的或物的 定语
做题方法：
判断为定语从句
划出先行词
将先行词带入从句，看它在从句中作何成分，得出关系词
I have an apple is green.
I know a man is a doctor.
This is the place we visited last time.
I know the man you just talked with.
that/which
that/who
that/which
that/who/whom
Rules
that 的用法
that指代人或事物，在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语(作宾语时常可省略)
I can't recognize the person (that/who/whom) I met five years ago.
Rules
who/whom 的用法
Rules
Rules
Whose的用法
Rules
Which的用法
Rules
先行词指物时，只能用that不能用which的情况
当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，不能用which
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.
先行词是 all、much、little、few、something、anything、everything、none、nothing 等不定代词时。
He did everything that he could to help us.
Rules
先行词指物时，只能用that不能用which的情况
先行词前有 the only、the same、the very、any、every、no、all 、few、little、much等词语修饰时。
Reading was the only thing that interested her most.
先行词既有人又有物时
I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.
主句是以 which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复使用 that。
Which is the bike that you lost
Rules
先行词指物时，只能用that不能用which的情况
先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词本身在从句中也作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
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先行词指物时，只能用which不能用that的情况
关系代词位于介词后面时。
This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.
先行词本身就是 that 时。
I like that which you gave me.
先行词后有插入语时
This is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
Rules
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中的成分
that
who
whom
which
whose
指人或物
主语、宾语、表语
指人
主语、宾语
指人
宾语
指物
主语、宾语、表语
指人的或物的
定语
Rules
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的
谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。
I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.
I didn't meet the guests who were here.
Rules
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当先行词是“one of the+复数名词(短语)”,并且关系代词在从
句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式；
当“one of the+复数名词(短语)”前有 the only、the very 等时关系代词代表的是单数概念，所以从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.长城是那些吸引大量游客的世界著名建筑之一。
Rules
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当先行词是“one of the+复数名词(短语)”,并且关系代词在从
句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式；
当“one of the+复数名词(短语)”前有 the only、the very 等时关系代词代表的是单数概念，所以从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on
the earth that is seen from the moon.长城是地球上唯一能从月球上看到的建筑物。
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定语从句中的主谓一致问题
有时先行词与关系代词隔开，这时应先确定先行词。
Henry is doing experiments in the laboratory which are important
to his study of certain chemicals.
Rules
Way 后面的定语从句
先行词 way后面的定语从句中如果缺少主语，则关系词用 that
或 which;
如果缺少宾语，则关系词用that或 which或省略关系词；如
如果缺少方式状语，则用in which或 that 引导定语从句或省略关系词
The way he explains the question to us is quite simple.
The way he told to us was quite simple.
that/in which/ 省略
which/that
B
C
B
B
D
A
B
D
A
C
B
C
B
D
B
B
A
D
C
C
C
D
C
A
C
B
C
D
A
A
D
C
B
A
A
A
C
Attributive clauses (2)
Rules
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 对应的“介词＋关系代词”
表示时间的名词：time, day, week, month, year, morning, night等 when 作时间状语 at/in/on/during which
表示地点的名词：park, place, country, house, street, city等 where 作地点状语 in/at/on which
表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 for which
Rules
When引导的定语从句
when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为 time, day, morning, night, week, year 等表示时间的名词。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. （when=on which）
He came at a time when we needed him most.
（when=at which）
Rules
Where引导的定语从句
where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为 place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等表示地点的名词或 point, case, situation, position, stage 等表示抽象地点的名词。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
（where=in which）
What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday
（where=at which）
Rules
Why引导的定语从句
why 指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。它的先行词只有 reason。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
（why=for which）
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当先行词为表示模糊地点或抽象地点的名词，如 condition、point、position、activity、case、situation、atmosphere 等，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时，用 where 引导定语从句。
They have reached the point where they have to separate.
You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
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occasion 作“场合”讲时后接关系副词 where 引导的定语从句；作“时机；时刻”讲时后接关系副词 when 引导的定语从句。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
It is helpful to put children on an occasion where they can see themselves differently.
Rules
关系代词和关系副词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来决定。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. （when作时间状语）
I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.（when作spent的宾语）
Rules
关系代词和关系副词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来决定。
I know a place we can have a picnic.
I know a place is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
where
which/that
单句语法填空
The reason which she changed her mind is quite clear.
The days they travelled together meant a lot to him.
We went through a period communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
This is the factory I visited last year.
I still remember the time I lived in the countryside.
for
when
when
that/which
when
1. I still remember the day ______ I first met my English teacher.
A. which B. when C. where D. why
2. This is the village ______ my grandparents have lived for over 50 years.
A. when B. why C. where D. that
3. Do you know the reason ______ Tom was late for school this morning
A. why B. when C. which D. where
4. We will never forget the year ______ our school held its 100th anniversary.
A. where B. why C. when D. which
5. The hotel ______ we stayed last summer is very comfortable.
A. when B. where C. why D. that
B
C
A
C
B
1. I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the countryside.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
2. I will never forget the days ______ we lived in the countryside.
A. which B. when C. where D. why
3. This is the factory ______ my father worked 10 years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
4. This is the factory ______ my father visited last month.
A. where B. when C. which D. why
C
B
C
C
5. Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting
A. which B. why C. when D. where
6. The house ______ windows face south is very bright.
A. where B. when C. which D. whose
7. The house ______ we used to live is now a restaurant.
A. where B. which C. when D. why
B
D
A

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