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高考英语语法填空星级分层限时训练·答案详解
A
课标主题：人与社会（日常生活中的小事、人际关怀与创意解决问题）
难度系数：★★☆ 建议用时：3分钟
Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 1 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 2 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 3 (interesting) than ever.
B
课标主题：人与自然（野生动物保护、生态环境问题、全球变暖与人类活动的影响）
难度系数：★★★☆ 建议用时：4.5分钟
The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 1 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 2 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further
3 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay.
C
课标主题：人与自我（情绪表达、心理健康、自我关怀与情绪调节）
难度系数：★★★ 建议用时：5分钟
（Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 1 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 2 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 3 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness.
Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 4 negativity.
D
课标主题：人与社会（乡村振兴、青年返乡创业、传统文化与现代生活的融合、地方发展）
难度系数：★★★★ 建议用时：8分钟
Homebound Youth Stir Rural Revival
The fresh fragrance (芳香) of herbs cuts through the morning chill of the stone-paved streets of Chongren Ancient Town, Guangze county, Fujian Province. The smell floats from the open door of Herbal Hall—22-year-old Gao Lingyu 1 (watch) over several pots of simmering dark-colored fragrant tea, with a variety of medicinal herbs 2 (lay) out on the counter, from pure herbal teas to creamy milk-based options.
Just a yea 3 , Gao was on a different path. As 4 Internet of Things graduate, he had been working in e-commerce and software development in Fuzhou. The turning point arrived during a hometown visit, 5 he accidentally discovered a local policy that would change his life-a rural revitalization initiative that encourages youth and businessmen to return with support packages. Inspired by this policy, Gao began conducting market research and found that herbal tea perfectly combined ancient Chinese medical 6 (wise) with modern lifestyles.
7 (draw) on the local TCM heritage and guided by a senior practitioner as his chief consultant, he opened a shop on the ancient street, maintaining a steady 8 (month) profit of around 30,000 yuan. For him, the shop is more than a career choice—it’s a meaningful way 9 (reconnect) with their roots, bring vitality into local economy, 10 gain a deep sense of inner peace and belonging.
E
课标主题：人与社会（传统文化、儒家思想、古代智慧与现代生活的关联、文化传承）
难度系数：★★★★☆ 建议用时：9分钟
In the hustle and bustle of modern life—where people often chase extreme success, argue over opposing views, 1._____ struggle with work-life imbalance —an ancient Chinese wisdom called the “Doctrine of the Mean” (Zhongyong) offers a precious guide.2._____(originate) from Confucianism,this philosophy emphasizes “moderation,” “balance,” and “harmony,” teaching people to avoid extremes and seek a middle way in all aspects of life.
Contrary to the misunderstanding that it means “being ordinary” or “doing nothing”, the Confucian “Zhongyong” 3._____(refer) to a state of “appropriate action”—doing the right thing, at the right time, in the right way. It was first 4._____(systematic) clarified in the Confucian classic The Doctrine of the Mean, 5._____ states: “The mean is the highest virtue.” For Confucians, the “mean” is not a compromise between two extremes, but a harmonious integration of different elements.
Today, as we face unprecedented challenges—from personal anxiety 6._____ global conflicts—the “Doctrine of the Mean” offers a timeless 7._____(solve): seek balance, avoid extremes, and pursue harmony. It reminds us that the most sustainable happiness does not come from extreme success or endless desire, but from a balanced life; the 8._____(stable) relationships do not come from blind agreement or constant conflict, but from mutual respect and compromise; the most prosperous society does not come from one-sided development or rigid rules, but from the harmonious coexistence of different elements.
The “Doctrine of the Mean” is more than just an ancient Confucian concept—it’s a living wisdom that connects traditional Chinese culture to modern life. It teaches us to slow down in a fast-paced world, to listen in a noisy world, and 9._____(balance) in an extreme world. In the end, the significance of the “Doctrine of the Mean” in modern society lies in its ability to help us find peace within 10._____(we), build harmonious relationships, and create a better world for everyone.
F
课标主题：人与自我（体育锻炼、户外生活、健康生活方式、人与自然的和谐相处）
难度系数：★★★☆ 建议用时：9.5分钟
As temperatures rise across China, a new trend is taking hold. Outdoor sports, 1 draw citizens out of gyms and into the wilderness, test people’s physical limits and reconnect them with nature.
One standout in this trend, the Spartan Race, has exploded in 2 (popular) in many Chinese cities. So far, the race, along with its 3 (mud) routes, high walls, and various obstacles, has gained significant attraction online as well. Last month, the Spartan China series 4 (land) in Changchun while on October 16-17, the Spartan Kids World Championship will be held 5 the second time at Yunding Snow Park in Hebei Province.
Each event challenges participants to complete distances 6 (range) from 5 to 50 kilometers, with some 7 (intense) demanding obstacles depending on the race category. In practice, the race involves climbing, hanging, and carrying sandbags, 8 total return to nature from gyms.
Liu Mingyi, chief expert at the China Youth Sports and Physical Education Center, said that the rise of outdoor running competitions is far from accidental. “In the past, people stayed indoors, lifting weights in gyms. Now, there’s a growing desire 9 (break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented. “These mud-stained events offer not just wildness, 10 a kind of close dialogue with nature.”
答案及解析
A
【答案】1．were damaged 2．to collect 3．more interesting
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。
1．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。
3．考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。
B
【答案】1．competition 2．have identified 3．prevents
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了非洲企鹅数量的下降的原因。
1．考查名词。句意：主要原因是全球变暖对海洋环境的干扰和商业捕鱼业的竞争造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示词与名词disturbance是并列关系，作介词宾语，用名词competition，意为“竞争”。故填competition。
2．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(发现)是句中谓语动词，与主语scientists之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语recently，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时主动语态，复数形式。故填have identified。
3．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定语从句中谓语动词，与关系代词that(即先行词one)之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动语态，单数形式。故填prevents。
C
【答案】1．what 2．leading 3．which/that 4．from
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哭泣的好处。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。介词短语Regardless of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。“with +名词/代词（宾语）+非谓语动词（宾补）”with复合结构 ，该空非谓语动词作宾补，宾语puffy cheeks and tight eyes和lead to是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填leading。
3．考查定语从句。句意：尽管哭泣是一种耻辱，但它可以是一种缓解紧张、清除消极和悲伤情绪的行为。句中先行词为act，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
4．考查介词。句意：最终，哭泣是一种强大的工具，我们应该用它来摆脱消极情绪。free from免于；摆脱。故填from。
D
1. is watching 2. laid 3. ago 4. an 5. when
6. wisdom 7. Drawing 8. monthly 9. to reconnect 10. and
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了22岁的物联网专业毕业生高凌宇，响应乡村振兴政策的号召，返乡创业，在福建省光泽县崇仁古镇开设草药茶馆，成功地将传统中医智慧与现代生活方式相结合，不仅实现了个人价值，也为家乡注入了新的活力的故事。
【1题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种气味从草药堂敞开的门里飘出——22岁的高凌宇照看着几罐正在熬煮的深色香茶。破折号后面的部分是对前面内容的补充说明，构成一个独立的句子。该句子的主语是“22-year-old Gao Lingyu”。文章描述的是一个当下的日常情景。故填is watching。
【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：……柜台上摆放着各种药草。此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构，作伴随状语。其宾语是“a variety of medicinal herbs”，宾补是动词lay的适当形式。逻辑主语herbs（药草）与动词lay（摆放）之间是被动关系，即药草被摆放，因此应用过去分词作宾补。lay的过去分词是laid。故填laid。
【3题详解】考查副词。句意：就在一年前，高走在一条不同的道路上。根据句中谓语动词是过去式“was”，可知描述的是过去的事情。时间状语“a year ago”意为“一年前”，与过去时态搭配，符合句意。故填ago。
【4题详解】考查冠词。句意：作为一名物联网专业的毕业生，他一直在福州从事电子商务和软件开发工作。“graduate”是可数名词单数，表示泛指“一个毕业生”。其前的单词“Internet”以元音音素/ /开头，因此应用不定冠词an。故填an。
【5题详解】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：转折点发生在他一次回家探亲期间，那时他偶然发现了一项将改变他生活的当地政策。此处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a hometown visit”，该先行词表示时间。关系词在从句
【6题详解】考查名词。句意：高开始进行市场调研，发现草药茶完美地将中国古代的医学智慧与现代生活方式结合起来。此处需要一个名词作形容词“medical”的宾语。wise是形容词，意为“明智的”，其名词形式为wisdom，意为“智慧”，符合句意。故填wisdom。
【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：借鉴当地的中医传统，并在一位资深从业者的指导下，他在古街上开了一家店。分析句子结构可知，主句的主语是he。逻辑主语he与动词draw on（借鉴，利用）之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词作状语，表示伴随或原因。故填Drawing。
【8题详解】考查形容词。句意：……维持着每月约3万元的稳定利润。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词profit（利润）。month是名词，其形容词形式是monthly，意为“每月的”，符合语境。故填monthly。
【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对他来说，这家店不仅仅是一个职业选择——它是一种与他们的根重新建立联系、为当地经济注入活力的有意义的方式。名词way后面常用不定式作定语，解释说明“方式”的具体内容，构成“a way to do sth.”的结构。因此，此处应用不定式to reconnect。故填to reconnect。
【10题详解】考查并列连词。句意：这是一种与他们的根重新建立联系、为当地经济注入活力并获得内心深处平静和归属感的有意义的方式。分析句子可知，此处是三个并列的动词不定式短语作定语修饰way，分别是(to) reconnect..., (to) bring...以及(to) gain...。在列举三个或以上并列成分时，最后一个成分前通常用并列连词and连接。故填and。
E
1. or 2. Originating 3. refers 4. systematically 5. which
6. to 7. solution 8. stablest/most stable 9. to balance 10. ourselves
主题语境：人与社会(传统文化与现代生活)
【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文，阐述了中国古代儒家思想中的“中庸之道”在现代社会的价值。文章指出，在快节奏、极端化的现代生活中，“中庸之道”所强调的“适度、平衡、和谐”并非平庸无为，而是一种“适时适度的行动”, 能为个人焦虑、社会冲突等问题提供解决方案，是连接传统文化与现代生活的鲜活智慧。
第1题.or 并列连词。解析：句中"chase extreme success”(追逐极致成功)、"argue over opposing views”(为对立观点争执)、“struggle with work-life imbalance”(挣扎于工作与生活失衡)是现代生活中人们可能面临的三种不同状态，并非必然同时发生，逻辑上为选择关系，强调“要么……要么……”的多元困境，而非并列共存的状态，不能使用and。用or连接更能体现现代生活中人们可能遭遇的各类极端化问题，与后文“中庸之道”倡导的“避免极端”形成呼应，故填or。
第2题.Originating 非谓语动词。解析：分析句子结构，主句主语为“this philosophy”, 空格处需作状语，且“originate from”(起源于)与逻辑主语"this philosophy”为主动关系，故用现在分词形式Originating。注意首字母大写。
第3题.refers 动词时态和主谓一致。解析：本文主体时态为一般现在时，主语"the Confucian 'Zhongyong”为单数概念，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故填refers.
第4题.systematically 副词。解析：空格处需修饰动词“clarified”(阐述), 故将形容词systematic转换为副词形式systematically, 意为“系统地”。
第5题.which 定语从句。解析：分析句子结构，空格前为逗号，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The Doctrine of the Mean”(《中庸》), 指物，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。
第6题.to 固定搭配。解析：“from. . to. . ”为固定结构，意为“从……到……”, 此处表示“从个人焦虑到全球冲突”, 故填to。
第7题.solution 名词。解析：空格前有形容词“timeless”(永恒的)修饰，且前面有不定冠词a, 需填名词单数形式。动词solve的名词形式为solution, 意为“解决方案”。
第8题.most stable或者stablest 形容词最高级。解析：根据后文"the most prosperous society”(最繁荣的社会)的并列结构，结合语境“最稳定的关系并非源于盲目认同或持续冲突”, 此处需用形容词stable的最高级形式most stable或者stablest, 与前面的“the”搭配。
第9题.to balance 非谓语动词。解析："teach sb. to do sth. ”为固定搭配，意为“教某人做某事”, 且空格前有and连接三个并列的不定式结构(to slow down, to listen, to balance), 故填to balance。
第10题.ourselves 反身代词。解析：句中“within”为介词，后面需接宾语，结合主语"us”, 此处表示“在我们自己内心找到平静”, 故用反身代词ourselves。
F
1.which 2.popularity 3.muddy 4.landed 5.for
6.ranging 7.intensely 8.a 9.to break 10.but
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前在中国流行的户外运动——斯巴达障碍赛，包括其形式和意义。
1．考查定语从句。句意：户外运动能将人们从健身房吸引到旷野之中，既挑战着人们的身体极限，也让人们重新与自然建立联结。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是outdoor sports，指物，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
2．考查名词。句意：在这一趋势中脱颖而出的是斯巴达障碍赛，它在中国许多城市都很受欢迎。作介词in的宾语，表示“受欢迎”应用提示词的名词形式popularity，抽象概念，不可数。故填popularity。
3．考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，这项赛事，连同泥泞的路线、高墙和各种障碍，在网上也获得了极大的吸引力。修饰名词routes，表示“泥泞的”应用形容词muddy，作定语。故填muddy。
4．考查时态。句意：上个月，斯巴达中国系列赛登陆长春；而10月16日至17日，斯巴达儿童世锦赛将在河北省云顶雪场第二次举办。空处为第一个分句的谓语动词，结合时间状语 Last month可知，句子为一般过去时。故填landed。
5．考查介词。句意：上个月，斯巴达中国系列赛登陆长春；而10月16日至17日，斯巴达儿童世锦赛将在河北省云顶雪场第二次举办。结合句意，表达“第二次”用短语for the second time。故填for。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：每场赛事都要求参赛者完成5至50公里不等的赛程，且根据赛事类别不同，还会设置一些难度极高的障碍关卡。句中已有谓语动词challenges，空处为非谓语，range和逻辑主语distances之间为主动关系，应用现在分词ranging作后置定语。故填ranging。
7．考查副词。句意：每场赛事都要求参赛者完成5至50公里不等的赛程，且根据赛事类别不同，还会设置一些难度极高的障碍关卡。修饰形容词demanding，应用副词intensely“非常”。故填intensely。
8．考查冠词。句意：实际上，这项赛事包含攀爬、悬挂以及搬运沙袋等项目，是一场从健身房向自然的彻底回归。return“回归”是可数名词单数形式，此处为泛指，且修饰词total的发音是辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，人们越来越渴望从混凝土建筑中解脱出来。名词desire后常用不定式作后置定语，a desire to do sth.“做某事的渴望”。故填to break。
10. 考查并列连词。句意：这些泥泞的活动不仅提供了野性，而且提供了一种与自然的亲密对话。not just...but (also)...“不仅……而且……”是固定搭配。故填but。

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