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0114
Get ready for 'sanfu'
“三伏天”用英语怎么说？
扫码听讲解
文章导读
中医认为，一年有五季：春、夏、长夏、秋、冬。“长夏”对应五行中
“土”，位于夏末秋初，时间横跨7、8月，涵盖了夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、
处暑五个节气。所以，三伏天基本处于“长夏”时期。俗话说，冷在三九，
热在三伏。那在酷暑难耐的夏天应该怎样通过食疗消暑呢？喝热水好还是凉
水好呢？炎炎夏日，传统中医都给我们留下了怎样的养生秘笈？我们又应该
怎样向老外介绍三伏天呢？今天，我们就一起来跟随China Daily学学有关三
伏的英文表达！
课前讨论
① “三伏天”用英文可以怎样表述？
② “穴位”的英文是什么？
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China Daily精读专题｜30个中国文化故事
文章讲解
July 11 marked the arrival of this year's sanfu days, or "dog days of summer" in
China.
重 点 单 词 sanfu “三伏” 【例】enter sanfu/usher in sanfu “入伏”
重 点 词 组 dog days of summer 【释】the hottest, most humid days of
summer【文化背景】古罗马人认为，最炎热的天气与天狼星（the star Sirius）
有关。天狼星是大犬星座（the constellation Canis Major）中最亮的一颗星，
同时也是地球夜空中最亮的星。天狼星太过明亮，古罗马人由此认为它向
地球辐射了额外的热量。他们以为，每年7月末，当天狼星恰好在日出前出
现在天际时，这颗星就增加了太阳的热量，因此也就导致了夏天最高的温
度。这时，dog days of summer就到来了。
译
今年7月11日正式入伏。在中国，“三伏天”意味着盛夏酷暑天。
Sanfu in the Chinese lunar calendar refers to the three 10-day periods that are
predicted to be the hottest days of the year, called toufu or chufu (mid-July),
zhongfu (late July to early August), and mofu (mid-August).
重 点 词 组 lunar calendar 农历; 重 点 单 词 predicted [pr d kt d] 预
阴历 【例】The fifth of May 言; 预告; 预报【例】As the weather
according to the lunar calendar is the forecasting news predicted, the rain falls
Dragon Boat Festival. 农历五月初五 today.今天的大雨如气象局预料的来
是端午节。 临了。
译
根据中国农历，三伏是一年中最热的日子。它以十天为一周期，分别称作“头伏”或者
“初伏”（七月中旬）、“中伏”（七月末至八月初），以及“末伏”（八月中旬），全
程共计三十天左右。
The beginning of sanfu varies year to year, in accordance with the ancient
Chinese dates designated by 10 Heavenly Stems (tiangan) and 12 Earthly
Branches (dizhi) - two sets of sequential signs to calculate history and chronicle
events.
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China Daily精读专题｜30个中国文化故事
重 点 单 词 designate [ dez gne t] v. 重 点 单 词 chronicle [ kr n kl] v.
标 明 ； 标 示 ； 指 明 【 例 】 T h e 把……载入编年史；按事件顺序记载
different types are designated by the 【例】Her achievements are chronicled
letters A, B and C. 不同的类型分别 in a new biography out this week. 她的
用字母 A、B 和 C 标明。 成就已载入本周出版的一本新传记中。
重 点 词 组 in accordance with 依照；依据 【释】according to a rule or the
way that sb says that sth should be done 【例】in accordance with legal
requirements 根据法律要求
拓展延伸：in accordance with V.S. according to辨析： ① 跟according to相比，in accordance
with要正式得多；② 一般in accordance with表示的都是根据法规、规则、体系等，而
according to几乎可以跟任何的信息来源。
长 难 句 分 析 The beginning of sanfu (主语) varies (谓语) year to year (时间
状语), in accordance with the ancient Chinese dates (评注性状语) designated by
10 Heavenly Stems (tiangan) and 12 Earthly Branches (dizhi) (非谓语作后置定
语，修饰dates) - two sets of sequential signs to calculate history and chronicle
events (10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches的同位语).
译
中国古代历法依托于十天干和十二地支——这是两组顺序排列的符号，用于计算历史和编
年纪事。根据这一历法，每年的入伏日期都有所不同。
Let's take a look at some traditional ways to while away the dog days of summer.
重 点 词 组 while away 逍遥自在地度过，消磨（时间） 【例】We whiled
away the time reading and playing cards. 我们靠看书和玩纸牌消磨时间。
译
一起去看看究竟有哪些传统方式能帮助我们顺利度过炎炎夏日吧！
Careful dieting
Ancient Chinese developed a refined diet to help beat the heat and to find peace
and joy during sanfu.
重 点 单 词 refined [r fa nd] 1) （物质）精炼的；提纯的；精制的 【例】
refined sugar 精制糖 2) （人）有礼貌的；优雅的；有教养的 【例】a refined
way of speaking 优雅的谈吐 3) （方法或程序）精妙的，完善的【例】Laser
surgery has become much more refined over the last decade. 在过去十年里，激
光手术已经越来越完善。
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China Daily精读专题｜30个中国文化故事
译
注意饮食
中国的古人研究出了一套精致的饮食方案，有助于人们在三伏天解暑降温，并保持平和愉
悦的心情。
Health experts say in sanfu, it's better not to drink icy drinks or eat much ice
cream, as the heat within one's body is usually felt on the surface of the body, not
in the internal organs. Eating more vegetables, less meat, and less oily foods are
also recommended to make yourself comfortable on those hot summer days.
重 点 单 词 icy [ a si] adj. 1) 冰 重 点 单 词 oily [ li] adj. 1) 含油的；
冷的；冰冻的 【释】very cold; 油污；涂油的 【例】oily fish 含油多鱼
frosty 【例】icy winds/water 凛 2) （人或举止）油滑的；油腔滑调的；
冽的风/冰冷的水 2) （嗓音、态 奉迎的【释】(disapproving) (of a person
度等）冷冰冰的；冷峻的 【例】 or their behaviour) trying to be too polite,
My eyes met her icy gaze. 我的双 in a way that is annoying 【例】an oily
眼迎视她冰冷的目光。 smile 谄媚的微笑
拓展延伸：icy V.S. iced 辨析： ① icy指饮料或者食品冰镇过，非常凉，甚至带有着冰渣；
② iced强调饮料中带有冰块（ice cubes），如加冰可乐：iced coke。
译
健康专家称，三伏天最好少喝冰饮、少食冰品，因为这个时节体热通常外表而非内敛。
盛夏时节，应多吃蔬菜少吃肉类及油腻食品，这样才能保持身体舒适。
When the weather is sizzling, people's tastes change and so they turn to foods
and drinks which they believe can help relieve "inner heat" in the human body.
Over the centuries, people in different parts of China have created a wide
variety of local delicacies to cool off at the dinner table.
重 点 单 词 sizzling [ s zl ] adj. 重 点 单 词 delicacy [ del k si] n.
酷热的 【例】sizzling summer [C] 精美的食物；佳肴 【例】local
temperatures delicacies 当地的美味佳肴
重 点 词 组 cool down/off 1) 变凉；冷却下来 【例】We cooled off with a
swim in the lake. 在湖里游泳后我们感到凉快。 2) 镇静下来；变冷淡；不
再那么激动 【例】I think you should wait until she's cooled down a little. 我
觉得你应该等她镇静一点再说。
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China Daily精读专题｜30个中国文化故事
译
暑气灼人，而人们的口味也会随之改变。那些有助于缓解“内热”的饮食因此广受欢迎。
过去的数百年间，中国各地的人们创造了各种各样的地方菜肴，让人们在餐桌上轻松消暑
的同时还能大饱口福。
Among the best known "cooling" treats and drinks are bitter melons, cucumbers,
black wood ear fungus, herb jelly, sour plum juice, ginger tea, green mung bean
soup, and duck soup.
重 点 词 组 herb jelly 仙草冻/龟 重 点 词 组 sour plum juice 酸梅汤
苓膏 tortoise jelly 龟苓膏 jelly; sour plum drink 酸梅汤 sour prune drink
jello 果冻 酸梅汤
重 点 单 词 treat [tri:t] n. [C] 乐事；乐趣；款待 【释】something very
pleasant and enjoyable, especially sth that you give sb or do for them 【例】
Let's go out for lunch - my treat (= I will pay). 咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。
译
最广为人知的“消暑”美食饮品包括苦瓜、黄瓜、黑木耳、仙草冻、酸梅汤、姜茶、绿
豆汤和鸭汤。
TCM treatment
Sanfu is believed to be the best time to cure diseases of a chr onic and cold
nature, often occurring or being worse in the winter, such as coughs, asthma,
and arthritis. Receiving futie, or sanfutie (a medicinal patch), is one of the
most popular ways to treat such winter ills in China.
重 点 单 词 chronic [ kr n k] adj. 重 点 单 词 asthma [ sm ] n. [U]
（尤指疾病）长期的；慢性的；难 气喘；哮喘 【例】a severe asthma
以治愈（或根除）的 【例1】 attack 哮喘严重发作
chronic bronchitis/arthritis/ asthma 慢 重 点 单 词 medicinal [m d s nl]
性支气管炎/关节炎/哮喘 【例2】the adj. 有疗效的；药用的；药的 【例】
country's chronic unemployment medicinal herbs/plants 草药/药用植物
problem 该国长期存在的失业问题
重 点 单 词 patch [p t ] n. 1) [C] 补丁；补块 【例】I sewed patches on
the knees of my jeans. 我在我的牛仔裤膝部打了个补丁。 2) [C] 戒烟贴片
【例】nicotine patches 尼古丁戒烟贴片
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China Daily精读专题｜30个中国文化故事
拓展延伸：acute / kju:t/ adj.（疾病）急性的 【例】acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎
译
传统中医疗法
中医认为，三伏是治疗慢性寒症的最佳时期。这类疾病通常在冬季发病或加重，例如咳
嗽、哮喘及关节炎等。在中国，贴伏贴，或三伏贴（一种膏药），是治疗冬季疾病的最
受欢迎的方式之一。
Sanfutie is a bandage with traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The treatment
is based on the traditional Chinese medicine principle of yin and yang, which
views the balance of the elements in the body as a vital condition for good
health.
重 点 单 词 bandage [ b nd d ] 重 点 单 词 yin, yang “阴阳” 理论
n. [C] 绷带 【释】a strip of cloth 【释】In ancient philosophy, yin, or
used for tying around a part of the negative energy, and yang, positive
body that has been hurt in order to ene rgy , c oe x i s t , g e ne r a t i ng ye t
protect or support it 【例】Her restricting each other, and keeping a
leg was swathed in bandages. balance in general.
拓展延伸：adhesive bandage 创可贴
译
三伏贴是一种传统中草药贴剂。这种疗法基于传统中医的阴阳原则。这种原则认为，人
体健康的重要条件是保持体内各种元素的平衡。
A piece of sanfutie usually contains a paste of herbal extr acts that are "hot" in
nature according to TCM theories, and when applied to specific acupunctur e
points, usually on the back, shoulder, and neck, they r eplenish the yang
elements.
重 点 单 词 paste [pe st] n. [C,U] 重 点 单 词 extract [ ekstr kt] n.
糊状物；膏 【释】a soft thick [U, C] 提取物；浓缩物；精；汁
mixture that can easily be shaped 【释】 a substance that has been
or spread 【例】Mix the powder obtained from sth else using a
with enough water to make a particular process 【例】face cream
smooth paste. 把粉末和足够的水 containing natural plant extracts 含有
混合调成均匀的糊状。 天然植物提取物的面霜
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China Daily精读专题｜30个中国文化故事
重 点 单 词 acupuncture 重 点 单 词 replenish [r plen ] v.
[ kjup kt (r)] n. [U] 针刺疗法 补充；重新装满 【释】~ sth (with sth)
【释】a Chinese method of treating (formal) to make sth full again by
pain and illness using special thin replacing what has been used 【例1】
needles which are pushed into the skin to replenish food and water supplies 补
in particular parts of the body 【例】 充食物和水的供应 【例2】Allow me
the four main acupuncture points 四大 to replenish your glass. 让我再给您斟
穴位 满。
拓展延伸：1) moxibustion n. [mass noun] （东方医学中的）艾灸 2) moxa [ m ks ] n. [mass
noun]（针灸用）艾绒，灼烙剂
译
每片三伏贴通常都含有草药提取物膏剂。根据中医理论，这些药物均为“热性”。三伏
贴通常贴敷于肩、颈、背等处的特定穴位之上，其中的药物可以滋补阳气。
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