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外研版（2024）八年级上册Unit 1 This is me
单元核心语法精讲精练
核心语法：现在完成时（1）
知识点1 现在完成时的用法及结构
1. 两大核心用法
现在完成时描述过去发生的动作，和当下存在关联，分两类：
① 过去某一时间发生的行为，对现在造成某种影响、产生结果；
② 描述截止到现在为止，已经完成的事情。
2. 基本结构
公式：主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词
- 主语为第三人称单数（he / she / it / 单数人名/单数事物）→ 用 has
- 主语为 I / you / we / they / 复数名词 → 用 have
3. 三种句式结构
1. 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（+其他）
2. 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词（+其他）
缩写：haven’t = have not；hasn’t = has not
3. 一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词（+其他）？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have / has.
否定回答：No, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t.
知识点2 动词的过去分词
现在完成时必须使用动词过去分词作谓语，变形分规则变化、不规则变化两类。
(1) 规则变化（4条固定规则）
变化规则 例词
绝大多数动词，词尾直接加 -ed visit → visited；enjoy → enjoyed
以不发音字母 e 结尾，词尾只加 -d love → loved；move → moved
“辅音字母 + y”结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 -ed carry → carried；cry → cried
重读闭音节（结构：辅+元+辅），末尾仅1个辅音字母：双写末尾辅音，再加 -ed stop → stopped；drop → dropped
(2) 不规则变化（无统一规则，需背诵）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
be was / were been
cut cut cut
do did done
eat ate eaten
find found found
go went gone
have had had
let let let
make made made
see saw seen
知识点3 just、already 和 yet 用法区分
三者都是现在完成时常用副词，用来强调动作完成状态，句式、固定位置有严格区分：
单词 核心用法 例句
just 含义：刚刚 位置：放在助动词 have/has 和过去分词中间 I’ve just been out shopping. 我刚才出去买东西了。
already 含义：已经 使用场景：仅用于现在完成时肯定句 You have already told me that. 你已经告诉过我那件事了。
yet 含义：还、仍然； 使用场景：仅用于否定句、一般疑问句，常放句末 He hasn’t come yet. 他还没有来。 Have you finished your homework yet 你做完家庭作业了吗？
知识点4 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（考试重难点）
(1) 核心逻辑区分
两种时态都能描述过去发生的动作，判断标准：是否和现在存在联系
- 现在完成时：侧重动作带来的现在结果/影响，属于现在范畴，不强调动作发生的具体时间；
- 一般过去时：仅客观陈述过去发生的事，和现在无关联，句子必须搭配明确的过去时间词。
对比例句：
① I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。（现在完成时：暗示我了解剧情，对现在有影响，无具体时间）
② I saw the film last week.
我上周看了这部电影。（一般过去时：只陈述上周这件事，和当下无关，带明确过去时间 last week）
(2) 时间状语硬性搭配规则
1. 现在完成时不能搭配表确定的过去时间词：
yesterday, last year, last week, in 1949 等
2. 现在完成时仅能搭配两类状语：
① 不指明明确过去时间的词；
② 包含“此刻、现在”范围的时间词。
常用词：already, always, ever, never, for + 时间段, many times, today, this week, up to now（到目前为止）等
考点精练
一、单项选择（共20小题）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1．I ________ my homework already. Can I go out now
A．finish B．finished C．have finished D．will finish
( )2．—Look! Someone ________ the classroom. It’s so clean!
—Really Let’s find out who it was.
A．cleans B．cleaned C．has cleaned D．had cleaned
( )3．— John, you ________ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes.
—OK, Mum. I’ll finish it soon.
A．were playing B．have played C．played D．play
( )4．—Why is Lily so happy today
—Because she ________ a letter from her best friend who lives in another city.
A．receives B．received C．has received D．will receive
( )5．Since last term, our school ________ AI to help us with English learning.
A．uses B．used C．has used D．will use
( )6．The astronauts ________ out many experiments since they entered the space station.
A．are carrying B．carried C．will carry D．have carried
( )7．John and Sue ________ yet. They took the wrong train and now their phones are off.
A．didn’t arrive B．haven’t arrived C．won’t arrive D．hadn’t arrived
( )8．He ________ in this school for three years. He knows every corner of it very well.
A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．will study
( )9．Look! The snow ________! We can play with snow outside.
A．is stopping B．will stop C．has stopped D．had stopped
( )10．So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color.
A．were B．are C．have been D．will be
( )11．—Have you finished your homework yet, Jim
—Yes, I have. I ________ it for nearly one hour.
A．did B．have done C．do D．will do
( )12．—Would you like something to eat, Mr Song
—No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I ________ some zongzi already.
A．eat B．ate C．have eaten D．is eating
( )13．—Paula is pleased because she _______ her lost watch.
A．find B．will find C．is finding D．has found
( )14．So far, AI technology ________ a great difference in many fields, such as medicine and education.
A．made B．will make C．has made D．is making
( )15．— What do you think of the film Hi, Mom
— Wonderful. I ________ it twice already.
A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see
( )16．—Tom, have you finished your work ________
—Yes. I have ________ finished it.
A．just; already B．yet; already C．already; yet D．yet; yet
( )17．They have ________ finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ________.
A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．already; already
( )18．—Tom, have you finished your work ________
—Yes. I have ________ finished it.
A．already; already B．yet; already C．already; yet D．yet; yet
( )19．—Have you cooked supper_______ —Yes, I have _______ finished it.
A．yet; just B．yet; ever C．already; yet D．already; just
( )20．Mr.Green ________ in Beijing for 5 years, and then he ________ to Shanghai in 2023.
A．lived, moved B．has lived, moved
C．has lived, has moved D．lived, has moved
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共15小题）
1．Alice has ________ (hide) her diary somewhere so that her sister can’t find it.
2．She ________ (have) just received the working plan for the volunteer programme.
3．I ________ (read) this book twice. It’s very interesting.
4．The telephone ________ (ring) five times in the last three hours. Every time it was my old father.
5．The Internet ________ (bring) great changes to our lives in the past 20 years.
6．Ken ________ (leave) his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back.
7．The workers _________ (build) two new parks in our neighborhood already.
8．I ________ (read) this English storybook twice, and I still think it’s very interesting.
9．China ________ (become) one of the strongest countries in the world already.
10．The exam is coming to an end, but Tom ________ (not write) even a word in his paper yet.
11．He ________ (eat) up his food, but he still feels hungry.
12．—What ________ (happen) to Mr. Li these days I can’t find him.
—He asked for leave last week because his mother passed away suddenly.
13．The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you ________ (not find) it yet, keep looking.
14．My brother ________ (not finish) his homework yet, so he can’t watch TV now.
15．Jessica has already ________ (change) her opinion on her looks.
三、句型转换（共10小题）
按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1．They finished their homework yesterday evening. (改为现在完成时)
They ________ ________ their homework.
2．I have already bought the tickets. (否定句)
I ________ ________ the tickets ________.
3．She has learnt to accept her birthmark. (改为一般疑问句)
________ she ________ to accept her birthmark
4．Maddie painted a red rose on her face yesterday. (用already改写句子)
Maddie ________ ________ a red rose on her face already.
5．You have already learnt to accept your differences.
一般疑问句：_________________________________________________
肯定回答：_________________ 否定回答：_________________
6．They have just missed the bus.（改为一般疑问句）
__________________________________________________
7．I bought a new iPhone 8 just now.(用just改写句子)
I ________ ________ ________ a new iPhone 8.
8．They have already cleaned the classroom. (改为否定句)
They ________ ________ cleaned the classroom ________.
9．They have checked the emergency numbers.
一般疑问句：______________________________________________
肯定回答：__________________ 否定回答：___________________
10．Sam has already read Journey to the West. （改为否定句）
Sam ________ read Journey to the West ________.答案解析
一、单项选择（共20小题）
1. 答案：C。解析：already是现在完成时标志词，结构为have/has+过去分词，主语I搭配have，finish过去分词finished；A一般现在时、B一般过去时、D一般将来时均不能和already连用。
2. 答案：C。解析：教室现在很干净，说明有人打扫完对现在产生影响，用现在完成时has cleaned；A一般现在时表常态，B一般过去时只讲过去不体现现在结果，D过去完成时表过去的过去，不符合语境。
3. 答案：B。解析：for two hours是持续到现在的时间段，用现在完成时have played；A过去进行时、C一般过去时、D一般现在时不能搭配for+持续时长表延续到现在。
4. 答案：C。解析：Lily现在开心，是收到信件带来的当下影响，用现在完成时has received；A一般现在时表常态，B一般过去时仅陈述过去，D将来时不符合句意。
5. 答案：C。解析：Since last term（从上学期至今）为现在完成时标志，主语school单数用has used；A一般现在时，B一般过去时，D将来时不与since引导的过去时间点连用。
6. 答案：D。解析：since they entered...（自从进入空间站）是现完标志，astronauts复数用have carried；A现在进行时，B一般过去时，C将来时无法搭配since从句。
7. 答案：B。解析：yet用于现在完成时否定句，主语John and Sue复数，haven’t arrived；A一般过去时否定不搭配yet，C将来时，D过去完成时无过去参照点。
8. 答案：C。解析：for three years表持续到现在三年，用现在完成时has studied；A一般现在时，B一般过去时（仅表过去，不延续到现在），D将来时排除。
9. 答案：C。解析：现在可以出去玩雪，说明雪已经停了，过去动作对现在有结果，has stopped；A现在进行时正在停，B将要停，D过去完成时无参照，均不符。
10. 答案：C。解析：So far（到目前为止）是现完标志性短语，have been in use沿用至今；A一般过去时，B一般现在时，D将来时不能搭配so far。
11. 答案：B。解析：问句用现在完成时提问，答句for nearly one hour表示持续到现在，用have done；A一般过去时仅表过去动作，C一般现在时，D将来时排除。
12. 答案：C。解析：already为现在完成时标志，主语I搭配have eaten；A一般现在时，B一般过去时无现在关联，D现在进行时不与already搭配。
13. 答案：D。解析：Paula现在开心，是找回丢失手表带来的现在影响，has found；A原形，B将来时，C现在进行时均不体现“已经找到”的结果。
14. 答案：C。解析：So far到目前为止，现在完成时标志，has made；A一般过去时，B将来时，D现在进行时不能搭配so far。
15. 答案：C。解析：already、twice（两次）均为现在完成时标志，have seen；A一般现在时，B一般过去时无现在关联，D将来时排除。
16. 答案：B。解析：yet用于疑问句末尾，already用于肯定句中间；问句结尾用yet，答句用already，对应选项B。
17. 答案：A。解析：already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句句末；前半句肯定用already，后半句否定用yet。
18. 答案：B。解析：疑问句末尾用yet，肯定句中用already，固定搭配规则，选B。
19. 答案：A。解析：疑问句末尾用yet；just表示“刚刚”，放在助动词与过去分词之间，符合本句语境。
20. 答案：B。解析：for 5 years是延续到现在的时长，第一空用has lived；in 2023是明确过去时间，单纯陈述过去动作用一般过去时moved。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共15小题）
1. 答案：hidden。解析：现在完成时结构have+过去分词，hide不规则变形：hide-hid-hidden。
2. 答案：has。解析：just是现完标志，主语she三单，助动词用has，后接received。
3. 答案：have read。解析：twice两次，现完标志；主语I，have+read（read原形/过去式/过去分词同形）。
4. 答案：has rung。解析：in the last three hours（过去三小时至今）现完标志；telephone单数，has rung。
5. 答案：has brought。解析：in the past 20 years过去二十年至今，现完标志；Internet单数，bring不规则变形bring-brought-brought。
6. 答案：has left。解析：后文He has to get it back说明落下外套对现在造成麻烦，用现完；Ken三单，leave-left-left。
7. 答案：have built。解析：already现完标志，workers复数；build不规则变形build-built-built。
8. 答案：have read。解析：twice表重复到现在的动作，主语I搭配have read。
9. 答案：has become。解析：already现完标志，China单数；become变形become-became-become。
10. 答案：hasn’t written。解析：yet用于现完否定句，Tom三单，has not缩写hasn’t，write过去分词written。
11. 答案：has eaten。解析：动作吃完食物，现在依然饿，体现现在结果；he三单，eat-ate-eaten。
12. 答案：has happened。解析：these days到现在这段时间，现完；what作主语视作单数，happen过去分词happened。
13. 答案：haven’t found。解析：yet现完否定标志，主语you搭配have not，find-found-found。
14. 答案：hasn’t finished。解析：yet现完否定，brother三单，finish规则变化finished。
15. 答案：changed。解析：has already后接动词过去分词，change规则变化直接加d。
三、句型转换（共10小题）
1. 答案：have finished。解析：改为现在完成时，主语They复数，助动词have，finish过去分词finished；去掉yesterday evening（现完不能搭配明确过去时间）。
2. 答案：haven’t bought; yet。解析：现完否定结构have not+过去分词，already在否定句改为yet放句末。
3. 答案：Has; learnt。解析：主语she三单，一般疑问句将Has提前，动词还原过去分词learnt。
4. 答案：has painted。解析：already是现完标志，主语Maddie三单，has+painted。
5. 一般疑问句答案：Have you already learnt to accept your differences
肯定回答答案：Yes, I have.
否定回答答案：No, I haven’t.
解析：主语you，疑问句把Have提前；现完问答统一使用have/have not。
6. 答案：Have they just missed the bus
解析：主语they复数，一般疑问Have放句首，just保留在助动词和过去分词中间。
7. 答案：have just bought。解析：just用于现完，主语I搭配have，buy不规则变形bought；去掉just now（明确过去时间）。
8. 答案：haven’t; yet。解析：现完否定have not缩写haven’t，肯定句already替换为yet置于句末。
9. 一般疑问句答案：Have they checked the emergency numbers
肯定回答答案：Yes, they have.
否定回答答案：No, they haven’t.
解析：主语they复数，疑问词Have提前，问答保持一致。
10. 答案：hasn’t; yet。解析：主语Sam三单，否定用hasn’t；否定句中already改为yet放句末。

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