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Unit 5-Unit 8-同步语法总复习-2025-2026学年八年级冀教版下册
Unit 5 Great inventions 同步语法复习
一、核心知识点
1. 时态场景
描述过去发生的事情，不知道动作执行者，或者执行者不重要时，使用一般过去时被动语态。
2. 核心结构
was /were + 动词过去分词（v.-ed）
主语为单数名词、不可数名词 → 用 was + done
主语为复数名词 → 用 were + done
课文原句
But when I was a student, computers were not widely used.
句意：但是在我上学的时候，电脑还没有被广泛使用。
解析：主语 computers 是复数，搭配 were + 过去分词。
Everything was written by hand on paper.
句意：所有内容都是手写在纸上的。
解析：主语 everything 为单数，搭配 was + 过去分词。
二、课本习题
课本习题第 2 题
A What does Jenny want to do on the computer
答案：She wants to do her homework on the computer.
原文依据：Jenny wants to do her homework on the computer.
句意：珍妮想用电脑写作业。
B How did Jenny’s mum do homework when she was a student
答案：Everything was written by hand on paper. She looked up new words in printed dictionaries and went to the library for research.
原文依据：Well, everything was written by hand on paper. When I didn’t know how to spell a word, I had to look it up in a printed dictionary. When I needed to do any research, I had to go to the library.
句意：珍妮的妈妈当年都是手写作业，查纸质词典，去图书馆查阅资料。
课本习题第 3 题
It was covered (cover) by some newspapers.
句意：它被一些报纸盖住了。
解析：主语 it 为单数，讲述过去的状态，用 was covered。
The book was written (write) by a famous writer.
句意：这本书是一位著名作家写的。
解析：主语 the book 是单数，用 was written。
I opened the book and soon I was attracted (attract) by a photo in it.
句意：我翻开书，很快就被里面的一张照片吸引住了。
解析：主语 I，过去被动语态用 was attracted。
Now, many photos are taken (take) on mobile phones.
句意：现在很多照片都是用手机拍摄的。
解析：now 表示现在，切换为一般现在时被动，主语 photos 为复数，用 are taken。
Looking at the old photo, I was brought (bring) back to the time I spent with my grandfather during my childhood.
句意：看着这张老照片，我回忆起小时候和爷爷在一起的时光。
解析：讲述过去的感受，主语 I，用 was brought。
课本习题第 4 题
Jenny：C. I think the world was changed by the internet.
Danny: I agree with you. Some of the advantages are indeed wonderful.
句意：珍妮：我认为互联网改变了世界。丹尼：我同意，它的很多优势的确很棒。
解析：下一句丹尼表示赞同，C 句表达对互联网的总体评价，并且用到本课过去被动语态，贴合语法主题。
Mr Green: You’re right. The internet is used everywhere. A. How does it help you
Jenny: I like to find information about sports and technology.
句意：格林先生：没错，互联网随处可见。它给你带来了哪些帮助？珍妮：我喜欢查找体育和科技类信息。
解析：答句在介绍互联网的用处，所以问句是询问帮助，选 A。
Danny: I like chatting with my friends online. D. The internet is a bridge between us.
句意：丹尼：我喜欢在网上和朋友聊天。互联网是我们之间沟通的桥梁。
解析：聊天对应人与人之间的沟通桥梁，语句匹配。
Brian: I like doing research for my homework. There is so much information.
Mr Green: Exactly, the internet helps us a lot, but it also has many disadvantages...
Jenny：B. It’s important for us to tell the good from the bad.
句意：格林先生：没错，互联网好处很多，但也有弊端。珍妮：我们学会辨别好坏十分重要。
解析：前文提到利弊并存，对应 “区分好坏”，选 B。
Unit 6 I love literature! 同步语法知识复习
语法：Object clauses 宾语从句
一、宾语从句（that/why/what）
引导词 that
用法
用来把陈述句改成宾语从句。
that 只起连接句子的作用，没有实际词义，不在从句里充当任何句子成分。
口语和非正式书写里，that 可以直接省略。
课本原句
They felt (that) they were in a wonderland.
句意：他们觉得自己仿佛身处仙境。
句式结构
主句（主谓）+ (that)+ 陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）
例：He thought (that) it must be the king’s musicians.
引导词 why
用法
用来把特殊疑问句（询问原因）改成宾语从句。
课本原句
I don’t understand why spring is so late coming to my garden this year.
句意：我不明白为什么今年春天迟迟不肯来到我的花园。
句式结构
主句 + why + 陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）
引导词 what
用法
用来把询问 “事物” 的特殊疑问句改成宾语从句。
词义：什么；所…… 的事物，在从句中必须充当主语或者宾语，不能省略。
句式结构
主句 + what + 陈述语序
两种核心场景
what 在从句中作宾语
He didn’t know what he should do.
（do 后面缺宾语，用 what）
what 在从句中作主语
He jumped out of bed to see what was happening.
（从句缺少主语，用 what）
二、课本习题
课本习题第 2 题
Because the giant was selfish.
解析：
原文内容：巨人把孩子们赶走，筑起高墙禁止孩子进入花园。巨人自私的行为，让花园失去了生机，所以春天迟迟不来。另外两个选项和原文内容不符。
课本习题第 3 题
The doctor insists —— that my father should have an operation.
The kid opened the box to see —— what gift was inside.
I asked Tom —— why he looked sad that day.
【解析】
The doctor insists that my father should have an operation.
句意：医生坚持认为我的父亲应该做手术。
解析：主句是陈述句语气，用 that 引导宾语从句。
The kid opened the box to see what gift was inside.
句意：孩子打开盒子，想看看里面是什么礼物。
解析：表示 “什么东西”，用 what。
I asked Tom why he looked sad that day.
句意：我问汤姆那天为什么看起来闷闷不乐。
解析：询问原因，用 why 引导从句。
课本习题第 4 题
One day, the giant saw that some children were playing in the garden.
句意：有一天，巨人看见几个孩子正在花园里玩耍。
解析：陈述句作宾语从句，用 that。
The children didn’t know why the giant drove them out.
句意：孩子们不明白巨人为什么要把他们赶出去。
解析：表示疑问原因，填 why。
The giant didn’t understand why his garden was still covered with snow.
句意：巨人不明白为什么他的花园依旧被大雪覆盖。
解析：对原因产生疑惑，填 why。
He didn’t know what he should do.
句意：他不知道自己该做些什么。
解析：do 后面缺少宾语，用 what 充当宾语。
He thought that it must be the king’s musicians.
句意：他心想那一定是国王的乐师。
解析：陈述句从句，用 that。
So he jumped out of bed to see what was happening.
句意：于是他跳下床，想去看看发生了什么事。
解析：表达 “发生了什么事”，填 what。
Unit 7 The value of money 同步语法知识复习
Attributive clauses 定语从句（that /which）
一、本课定语从句
概念
定语从句：用来修饰前面的名词，这个被修饰的名词叫作先行词。
本课主要针对引导词that 和 which。
课本原句：
Money is something that we use to buy things.
先行词：something（事物），用 that。
There are many things that / which are even more valuable than money.
先行词：things（事物），that、which 二者都可以。
that 详细用法
指代范围
既可以指代事物，也可以指代人。
本课只主要是指代事物。
两种句子成分
作从句的主语：不能省略
There are many things that are more valuable than money.
that 在从句中作主语，不能删掉。
作从句的宾语：可以省略
Money is something (that) we use to buy things.
that 充当 use 的宾语，可以直接省略。
3. 特殊点
当先行词是不定代词 something, anything, nothing 时，只能用 that，不能用 which。
Money is something that we use to buy things.（√）
Money is something which we use to buy things.（×）
which 详细用法
指代范围
只能指代事物，绝对不能指代人。
两种句子成分
作从句主语：不可省略
The coin which was made in the Qin Dynasty is old.
作从句宾语：可以省略
The book (which) I bought yesterday is interesting.
本课两条铁律
规则 1：互换条件
先行词是普通事物名词（things, book, pen, coin），that 和 which 随便换。
例：The things that are valuable = The things which are valuable.
规则 2：只能用 that，不能用 which
先行词是 something, anything, nothing 这类不定代词，只能用 that。
Money is something that we use to buy things.（不能用 which）
二、本课习题
本课习题第 2 题
A Life would be difficult without money. (T)
原文依据：Just imagine how difficult life would be without money.
句意：没有钱，生活会变得很艰难。
解读：和课文原句含义一致，表述正确。
B Money can be used to help others and make a positive difference. (T)
原文依据：And it allows us to help others and make a positive difference in the world.
句意：金钱可以用来帮助他人，给世界带来积极改变。
解读：与原文语句对应，表述正确。
C Money should be used wisely and responsibly. (T)
原文依据：Use money wisely and responsibly.
句意：我们应当理智、负责任地使用金钱。
解读：完全匹配课文结尾原句，表述正确。
本课习题第 3 题
B The book is interesting. I bought the book yesterday on the internet.
改写：The book (that / which) I bought yesterday on the internet is interesting.
解析：先行词 the book 是事物，用 that 或 which；关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
C The coin is old. It was made in the Qin Dynasty.
改写：The coin that / which was made in the Qin Dynasty is old.
解析：先行词 the coin 为事物，用 that /which，在从句中作主语，不可省略。
D The pen is on the desk. You want it.
改写：The pen (that / which) you want is on the desk.
解析：先行词 the pen 是事物，关系代词作 want 的宾语，that/which 可以省略。
本课习题第 4 题
It’s a special tool B. that makes trade easier.
句意：它是一种让交易变得更简便的特殊工具。
解析：先行词 tool，从句解释工具的作用，选 B。
We can use different forms of money, like coins, bills, or even digital money C. that is on our phones or computers.
句意：我们可以使用不同形式的货币，硬币、纸币，还有手机、电脑里的电子货币。
解析：先行词 digital money，对应手机电脑里的线上货币，选 C。
But there are some things A. that are more important than money, such as health, family, and friendship.
句意：但是还有很多比金钱更重要的东西，比如健康、亲情与友谊。
解析：对应课文主旨，选 A。
Unit 8 Natural disasters 同步语法知识复习
语法：Word formation 构词法
一、本课两大核心构词类型
类型 1：Compound words 复合词
构成规则
把两个独立单词直接拼接在一起，形成一个新词。
本课复合词构成的主要类型：名词+名词（两个名词拼接，前一个名词修饰后一个，整体还是名词）
land（土地）+ slide（滑动）= landslide 滑坡
earth（大地）+ quake（震动）= earthquake 地震
tooth（牙齿）+ brush（刷子）= toothbrush 牙刷
fire（火）+ fighter（战斗者）= firefighter 消防员
类型 2：Derivatives 派生词（加词缀）
构成规则
在单词前面加前缀（prefix），或者在单词后面加后缀（suffix），改变单词词性或词义。
后缀 作用 例子
-ary 名词变形容词 second → secondary
-ful 名词变形容词 luck → lucky；harm → harmful
-tion 动词变名词 create → creation
二、课文习题
课文习题第 2 题
正确顺序：C → D → B → A
C The largest earthquake in Japan caused serious destruction.
句意：日本这场特大地震造成了巨大破坏。
原文依据：the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan caused great destruction.
（最初的原生灾害：地震）
D Tsunami waves hit the coastal area.
句意：海啸巨浪袭击了沿海地区。
原文依据：Tsunami waves hit the coastal area less than half an hour later.
（地震引发次生灾害：海啸）
B Explosions occurred at the plant.
句意：核电站发生爆炸。
原文依据：In the following days, explosions occurred at the plant.
（海啸又引发爆炸，属于连锁次生灾害）
A Radioactivity got into the ocean and atmosphere.
句意：放射性物质流入海洋、飘散到大气中。
原文依据：Lots of radioactivity got into the ocean and came down from the atmosphere.
（爆炸带来后续污染，进一步扩大次生灾害）
课文习题第 3 题
landslide (拆分：land（名词，山体、土地）+ slide（名词，滑落）= landslide（名词，滑坡、山崩）)
earthquake (拆分：earth（名词，大地）+ quake（名词，震动）= earthquake（名词，地震）)
toothbrush（tooth + brush 牙刷）
课文习题第 4 题
A The second book in the series served as a secondary source of information for my research project. (second)
句意：这套丛书的第二本书是我研究项目的二手资料来源。
解析：second + 后缀 -ary 变成形容词 secondary，本课核心变形。
B I feel very lucky to have escaped the earthquake, and luckily, all of my family members were safe, too. (luck)
句意：我很幸运逃过了地震，而且幸运的是，全家人都安然无恙。
解析：
第一空：feel 后接形容词，luck → lucky；
第二空：逗号前作状语，luck → luckily。
C Their rich imagination and creativity have inspired the creation of new products. (create)
句意：他们丰富的想象力与创造力，推动了新产品的诞生。
解析：
and 并列名词，create → creativity（创造力）；
the + 名词，create → creation（创造，名词形式）。
E The firefighter bravely fights against the fire to protect the people.
解析：fire + fighter → firefighter 消防员，复合词。
F The land, including rocks and soil, slides down from the mountain and forms a landslide.
解析：land + slide = landslide 滑坡，课文原复合词。

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