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专题十五 补全短文
考纲·题型解读
补全短文(段落)这个新题型与补全对话题型相似,主要是考查阅读理解的归纳、推理及运用知识解决问题的能力。其实是
阅读理解的新题型,是对考生阅读理解能力的拓展,侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握能力,尤其是对整体
语意的理解能力。同时这一新题型又注重信息的收集整理,是语言运用层面的考查。新题型不仅考查对直接信息的理解与获
得,还考查对间接信息的获取;不仅要准确地获取信息,还要排除多余干扰信息。
toldthat ouaren tdoin wel. 2 ,so ood ublicseakin
题源 补全短文的文体 y g g p p gtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftelingyouwhatyou
文章体裁属于文体性较强的说明文或议论文,与阅读理解 shouldn tdo.
中此类文章有一定的联系,但补全段落更侧重于应用。它将具 · 3
体的标题、段落或某一关键信息,用于段落之中,能更好地考查 Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughit s
考生语言实际应用能力,将“读”“写”“用”结合在一起。 goingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddon ts,walkaway! Yourbrain
issofulofwhatyou regoingtobetalkingabout. 4 .Asfar
解题模型1.1 aswe reconcerned,therearebasicalynohardandfastrulesa-
1.要立足于具体的文章体裁,寻找相关信息句,如讨 boutpublicspeaking.Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends.
论式的文章,先分清正反双方观点,再寻找与之相符的信 ·Youareaspecialpersonnotaclone
息选项。考生应具备说明文、议论文等写作知识和能力, Mostimportantly,goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreat
排除不相干信息,匹配对应的内容。 youasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits. 5 .Your
2.要用笔画出关键点,以便引起注意,有助于记忆,理 trainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyourpersonality,not
顺思路。同时,对 已 选 的 匹 配 项,可 用 笔 标 明,以 减 少 混 trytoturnyouintosomeoneyou renot.
乱,减少错误,从而减轻大脑负担,提高解题效率。 A.Youaren tlikeanybodyelse
3.了解短文大意,明确题目要求。就是通过快速浏览 B.Youalreadydolotsofthingswel
文章首句、尾句和关键词语,了解文章大意并明确试题具 C.Turnyourbackontoomanyrules
体要求。 D.Checktherulesaboutdosanddon ts
4.寻读(scanning):依照题项信息,寻找匹配信息。先 E. Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistough
读懂题项,抓住关键信息,然后再带着所获的关键信息,有 F.Theonethingyoudon twantisforthemtofalasleep
针对性地寻找所需要的相关的匹配信息。注意:每确定一 G.Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwiljust
题答案后,将该选项从列表中划去,以免在之后的选择中 makethingsworse
干扰视线。 [解析] 1. E 根 据 下 一 句readytoofferyoupublic
speakingtrainingandcourses 可 知,开 头 说 的 是 与 public
[真题] (2023·新课标Ⅱ) speaking有关的问题,故选E。
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最 2.B 根据第一句可知,演讲要集中在自己做过的成功的
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 事情上,故选B。
PublicSpeakingTraining 3.C 本 段 第 一 句 中 提 到lotsofdosanddon ts,walk
·Getacoach away!可知,如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话,最好不要理
1 ,sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabilioncompanies 会这样的培训,故选C。
outtherealreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcour- 4.G 根 据 上 一 句 Yourbrainissofulofwhatyou re
ses,herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetraining goingtobetalkingabout可知,给大脑灌输一套规则会使事情变
that srightforyou. 得更糟糕。故选G。
·Focusonpositives 5.A 根 据 上 句 中treatyouasaspecialone,withyour
Anytrainingyoudotobecome moreeffectiveatpublic ownpersonalhabits可知,该句讲的是“与众不同”,故选A。
speakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyou
alreadydowel.Nothingcanhurtconfidencemorethanbeing
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(★代表高考出现的频次)
HowtoMakeFriends
A组 Friendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeve-
( ) ryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.It题源 补全短文的文体 ★★★ offerscompanionship,improvesself-worthandpromotesgood
Passage1 (2023·辽宁) health.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhen wehave
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最 recentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend. 1 Butformany
Forgiveness ofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Beloware
Toforgiveisavirtue,butnoonehaseversaiditiseasy. somehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.
Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficult ● Associatewithothers.
toletgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,andit Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociatingwithother
canbesurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth. people.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,
Peoplewhoforgiveshowlesssadness,angerandstressandmore youwilneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactive
hopefulness,accordingtoarecentresearch. memberofsuchplaces.
1 Trythefolowingsteps: ●Startaconversation.
Calmyourself. 2 Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsand Startingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepin
thinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulscenein making new friends. 2 You can always start the
nature,orsomeoneyoulove. conversation.Beingabletomakesmaltalkisaveryusefulskil
Don twaitforanapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurt inrelatingwithotherpeople.
youdoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurt ● 3
youortheyjustdon tseethingsthesameway. 3 Keepin Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantin
mindthatforgiveness does notnecessarily mean becoming buildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouand
friendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou. yourfriendtogether.Hangingoutwilalwaysbeapleasantexpe-
Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender(冒犯者).Rethin- rience.
kingaboutyouhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausesyou ●Letitgrow.
pain.Insteadoffocusingonyourmoundedfeelings,learntolook Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynotto
forthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou. pressyournewfriend withcals,messagesorvisitsasthis
4 Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethat wouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinalyyoumayloseyour
heorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove. friend. 4 Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownatu-
Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender s raly.
pointofview. ● Enjoyyourfriendship.
Don tforgettoforgiveyourself. 5 Butitcanrobyouof Thebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoalowyour
yourself confidenceifyoudon tdoit. friendstobethemselves. 5 Trynottochangethemfrom
A. Whyshouldyouforgive whotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindof
B.Howshouldyoustarttoforgive friendyouwilwantyourfriendtobetoyou.
C.Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness. A.Becheerful.
D.Trytoseethingsfromyouoffender sangle. B.Dothingstogether.
E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggest C.Donotwaittobespokento.
chalenge. D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.
F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress man- E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.
agementtechnique. F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.
G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaiting G.Soyouwilneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.
anawfulylongtime. 1. 2. 3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
4. 5. Passage3 (2023·课标)
Passage2 (2023·辽宁) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最 佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Kids health:Fourstepsforfightingstress
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Everybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime. 1 Some helpgetbloodglucosedowntonormallevels.Infact,exercise
waysofdealingwithstress—likescreamingorhittingsomeone— produceschemicalsthataregoodforyourbrain. 4
don tsolve(解 决)much.Butother ways,liketalkingto ●Learnsomethingnew.
someoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemorat TakeaSpanishclassonline,joinadrawingclub,orlearnto
leastfeelingbetter. playcards.Astudyfoundthatmentalstimulation(刺激)limits
Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed: theweakeningeffectsofagingonmemoryandthemind.Butthe
(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothe bestthingforyourbrainiswhenyoulearnsomethingnewand
peoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasa arephysicalyactiveatthesametime. 5 Orgodancingwith
parentorotherrelatives. 2 Theymighthavehadsimilar yourfriends.
problems,suchasdealing withatest,orthedeathofa A.Focusonthefuture.
belovedpet. B.Thiscanbeespecialyharmfultotheaged.
(2)Don ttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsare C.Itshouldbesomethinglikelearninggardening.
stressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves.Oh,dear, D.Sotakeafewminuteseachdaytodosomereading.
that snotagoodidea.Rememberthattherearealwayspeopleto E.Butdon tworryifyourscheduleisn tfiledwithlife-
helpyou.Don ttakeitoutonyourself. 3 changingevents.
(3)Trytosolvetheproblem.Afteryou recalmandyouhave F.Luckily,researchshowsthereisalotyoucandotoavoid
supportfromadultsandfriends,it stimetogetdowntobusi- thosemoments.
ness. 4 Evenifyoucan tsolveital,youcansolveapieceofit. G.Inotherwords,whenyoutakecareofyourbody,you
(4)Be positive.Moststressistemporary(暂 时 的). takecareofyourbrain.
Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especialywhenyoufigureout 1. 2. 3.
theproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit. 4. 5.
Thesestepsaren tmagic,buttheydowork.Andifyoucan Passage5 (2023·课标)
staypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you lhelp 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最
yourselffeelbetterevenfaster. 5 佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsit- MoneyMatters
uation. Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney. 1
B.Noticeyourfriends feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem. Soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsan
C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways. interestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.
D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone. ● Thebasicfunctionofmoney
E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis. Beginexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowing
F.Anddon tforgetaboutyourfriends. howpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservices.Itisimportantto
G.Then,findawaytocalmdown. showyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthethingshewantsto
1. 2. 3. have.Ifhewantstohaveatoy,givehimthemoneyandlethim
4. 5. handthemoneytothecashier(收银员). 2 Whenyourchild
Passage4 (2023·辽宁) growsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最 youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexwaysofusingmoney.
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 ● Moneylessons
EasyWaystoKeepYourBrainSharp Approachmoneylessonswithopennessandhonesty. 3
Everyoneisforgetful,butasweage,westarttofeellike Ifyoumustsaynotoachild srequesttospendmoney,explain,
ourbrainsareslowingdownabit—andthatcanbeaveryannoy- “Youhaveenoughtoytrucksfornow.”Or,iftherequestisfor
ingthing. 1 Readonforsometechniquesworthtrying. manydifferentthings,say,“Youhaveto makeachoice
● 2 betweenthistoyandthattoy.”
Peoplewhoregularlymadeplansandlookedforwardtoup- ● 4
comingeventshada50percentreducedchanceofAlzheimer s Beginatthegrocerystore.Pickouttwosimilarbrandsofa
disease(早老性痴呆症),accordingtoarecentstudy. 3 product—aname-brandbutterandageneric(无商标产品),for
Somethingassimpleassettingagoaltohaveaweekly example.Youcanshowyourchildhowtomakechoicesbetween
coffeedatewithafriendwildo.There sevidencethatpeople differentbrandsofaproductsothatyoucansavemoney. 5
whohaveapurposeinlifeorwhoareworkingonlongorshort- Ifhechoosesthecheaperbrand,alowhimtomakeanotherpur-
termgoalsappeartodobetter.Inotherwords,keepyourbrain chasewiththemoneysaved.Later,youmayexplainhowthe
lookingforward. moreexpensivechoiceleaveslessmoneyforotherpurchases.
● Goforawalk. A.Wisedecisions.
Mildlyraisedglucose(葡萄糖)levelscanharmtheareaof B.Thevalueofmoney.
thebrainthathelpsyouformmemoriesandphysicalactivitycan C.Permitthechildtochoosebetweenthem.
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D.Telyourchildwhyhecanorcannot—havecertainthings. Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecaled“elevator(电梯)
E.Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostim- music”becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelywehear
portanttoyou. itinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewname“Muzak”.
F.Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryou Aboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericalistento“Muzak”eve-
leavethetoystore. ryday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpau-
G.Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingaboutmoneyis sesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandelevenin
whenheshowsaninterest. themorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,when
1. 2. 3. peoplearemoretired. 2
4. 5. IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefuly,youwilprobablyrecognize
Passage6 (2022·辽宁) thenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwriters
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最 don twanttheirsongstobeusedas Muzak,butothersare
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 happywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why 3
IwastenwhenIfirstsatwithmygrandmotherbehindthe Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesigned
cashier(收银台)inhergeneralstore. 1 Iquicklylearnedtheim- tomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportora
portanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying“thankyou”. hotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedto
AtfirstIwaspaidincandy. 2 Iworkedeverydayafter do.Tiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhenthey
school,andduringthesummerandnoweekendsandholidays hearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground. 4 Su-
from8a.m.to7p.m.Myfatherhelped mesetupabank permarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.
account. 3 5 Theysayit sboringtohearthesamesongsalthe
BythetimeIwas12,mygrandmotherthoughtIhaddone time.Butotherpeopleenjoyhearing Muzakinpublicplaces.
suchagoodjobthatshepromotedmetoselingcosmetics(化妆 Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,
品).Idevelopedtheabilitytolookcustomersdirectlyintheeye. Muzakaffectseveryone.Somefarmersevensaytheircowsgive
EventhoughIwasjustakid,womenwouldaskmesuchthings moremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!
as“WhatcolordoyouthinkIshould wear ”Itookareal A.Somepeopledon tlikeMuzak.
interestintheirquestionsandwasabletotranslatewhatthey B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.
wantedintomakeup(化妆)ideas. 4 C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.
Thejobtaughtmeavaluablelesson:tobeasuccessful D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.
salesperson,youdidn tneedtobearocketscientist—youneeded E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.
tobeagreatlistener. 5 Excepttheyarenolongerwomen F.Theygetasmuchas$4milionayeariftheirsongsare
purchasingcosmeticsfrom me;instead,theyarekidswhotel used.
mewhichtoystheywouldliketoseedesignedanddeveloped. G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsinthe
A.LaterIreceived50centsanhour. world.
B.Beforelong,sheletmesittherebymyself. 1. 2. 3.
C.Iendedupselingarecordamountofcosmetics. 4. 5.
D.TodayIstilcarrythatlessonwithme:Ilistentocus- Passage8 (2022·课标)
tomers. 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最
E.Mygrandma strusttaughtmehowtohandleresponsibil- 佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
ity. Q&A
F.SoonIfoundmyselflookingmorebeautifulthaneverbefore. Question:Ihaverecentlygotaseriouspositionwithinmy
G.Watchingmymoneygrowwasmorerewardingthanany- company.Oneofmynewtasksistomakemonthlyprogressre-
thingIcouldhavebought. portsonmydepartmentinfrontofotherseniorofficials.During
1. 2. 3. myfirstmeeting,Ipresentedandthenopenedthefloortoques-
4. 5. tions. 1 Myfirstreactionwastoanswerdefensively.Later,
Passage7 (2022·北京) IrealizedthatIshouldn thavefeltthatway.ButhowcanIkeep
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处 coolandeffectivelyanswerquestionsinthistypeofsettings
的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Answer:Congratulationsonyournewposition! Presenting
Muzak infrontofyourpeers(同事)isahardtaskinitself,anditbe-
Thenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermar- comesmuchmoredifficultwhenaquestion-and-answerperiodis
ket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear 1 It ssimilartothe required.Question-and-answerperiodsareagreatwaytoclarify
musicyoulistento,butit snotexactlythesame.That sbecause themessageandstrengthenkeypoints. 2
thismusicwasespecialydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyou ● 3
extraenergy.Sometimesyoudon tevenrealizethemusicispla- Whenapersonisaskingaquestion,showinterestandade-
ying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway. siretounderstandthequestionbylisteningandaskingforclarifi-
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cation. A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmal.
●Buytime. B.Therestliveinsmaltowns.
Whenfacingahardquestion,mostpeoplecan tgiveanan- C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsid-
swerimmediately.Buytimebyrepeatingthequestioninyour ered.
ownwords. 4 .Thesetechniquesalow youtoquickly D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocie-
organizeyourthoughtsaswelastomakesureyouwilbecor- ties.
rectlyansweringthequestion. E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldlivein
●Suggestaprivatemeeting. cities.
Aone-on-onemeetingisacalmersettingthanspeakinginfrontof F. Modernization drew peopletothecitiesand made
yourpeers. 5 farmersmoreproductive.
A.Showyourtrueinterest. G. Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthe
B.Restatethequestionwithrespect. healthofhumanbeings.
C.Someideascanbequiteconcrete. 1. 2. 3.
D.Thereweremanydifficultquestions. 4. 5.
E.Itcanalsobemoreeffectiveinexchangingideas. Passage2 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)
F.Youmayalsoaskforclarificationonthequestion. 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最
G.Herearesomeideasthatcanhelpyouprepareforyour 佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
nextmeeting. Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomers
1. 2. 3. withthegoodsandservicestheywant.Thewordbusinessalso
4. 5. referstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.
Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit(利润)—thatis,theyaimB组 toachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthe
,
题源 补全短文的文体( )
business. 1 Commonlycalednonprofitstheseorganizations★★★ areprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders. 2
Passage1 (2023·北京) Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetech-
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最 niquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofa
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 business. 3 Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasic
Urbanization policieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequip-
Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeings ment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting. 4 Thethird
livedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprob- relatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinaldepart-
ablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago. 1 Infact, ments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision(监管)
nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(乡村的)vilages. andguidancebythemanagementinauthority. 5
Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethe A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocom-
firsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityof pareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.
peopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving. B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentop
Britainwasonlythebeginning. 2 Theprocessofurban- managementandoperativemanagement.
ization—themigration(迁移)ofpeoplefromthecountrysideto C. Examples of nonprofit business include such
thecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidly organizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhos-
transformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1990,fewer pitals.
than40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82% D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughto
ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms. 3 covertheiroperatingcosts.
Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindus- E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoli-
trialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties.Ittookabout ciesbydepartments.
ninety fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities. 4 F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhas
Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytheruling twomainaspects.
elite(精 英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswho G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainas-
servedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedin pects.
sizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproduced 1. 2. 3.
andbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity. 4. 5.
Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhas Passage3 (2023·北京)
brokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry. 5 Today, 根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处
insteadofneedingninety fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneA- 的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
mericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon farmers. Empathy
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Lastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganre- oflogic(逻 辑)—ofbeingabletospotweaknessesinother
portedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople, people sargumentsandtoavoidtheminyourown.Italsoin-
amongcolegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10 cludesrelatedskilssuchasdistinguishingfactfromopinionand
years. 1 Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandareless assessingthesoundnessofevidence.
likelytojoingroupsandclubs. Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organized
JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanother thinking—theabilitytoseeclearlytherelationshipsamongideas.
explanation.TurnontheTV,andyou reshoweredwithnews 1 Thegreatestthinkers,scientists,andinventorshaveoften
andrealityshowsfulofpeoplefighting,competing,andgener- takeninformationthatwasreadilyavailableandputittogether
alytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect. 2 differentlytoproducenewideas.That,too,iscriticalthinking.
Therearegoodreasonsnottofolowthosebadexamples. 2 Astheclassgoeson,forexample,youwilprobably
Humansaresocialyrelatedbynature. 3 Researchershave spendagooddealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethis
alsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehigh mayseemlikeapurely mechanical(机 械 的)exercise,itis
self-respect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sad- closelyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyour
ness,anxiety,andfear. speechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingis
Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact, alsodisordered and confused.If,onthe other hand,the
Freedsays,manytopcompaniesreportthatempathyisoneof structureisclear,thereisagoodchanceyourthinkingistoo.
themostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers. 4 Organizingaspeechisnotjustamatterofarrangingtheideas
“Academicsareimportant.Butifyoudon thaveemotional(情感 youalreadyhave. 3
的)inteligence,youwon tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyour Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublic
lovelife,”shesays. speaking. 4 Asyouworkonexpressingyourideasinclear,ac-
What sthebestwaytoupyourEQ(情商) Forstarters,let curatelanguage,youwilimproveyourabilitytothinkclearlyand
downyourguardandrealylistentoothers. 5 accurately. 5 Asyoulearntolistencriticalytospeechesin
Torealydevelopempathy,you dbettervolunteeratanurs- class,youwilbebetterabletoassesstheideasofspeakersinavari-
inghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiverse etyofsituations.
membership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspend Ifyoutakefuladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwilbe
timecaringforpetsatananimalshelter. abletodevelopyourskilsasacriticalthinkerinmanycircum-
A.Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrom stances.Thisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedas
persontoperson. avitalpartofeducationsincethedaysofancientGreece.
B.Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedface A.Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideas
timewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid. themselves.
C.“Onedoesn tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinions B.Thismayseemlikealotoftime,buttherewardsare
anddoingalotoftalking.”Freedsays. welworthit.
D.Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexampleson C.Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthing
itareanythingbutempathetic. asaperfectspeech.
E.Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsome- D.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasinthe
oneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel. world,onlyreorganizedideas.
F.Goodsocialskils—includingempathy—areakindof E.Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourpublic
“emotionalinteligence”thatwil helpyousucceedin speakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.
manyareasoflife. F.Theskilsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoube-
G.Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportant comeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.
partofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisiveto G.Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoningin
thoserelationships. speechmaking,youwilseehowtheycanbeusedin
1. 2. 3. otherformsofcommunicationaswel.
4. 5. 1. 2. 3.
Passage4 (2023·北京) 4. 5.
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处
的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
PublicSpeakingandCriticalThinking
Whatiscriticalthinking Toacertaindegree,it samatter
·285·3.Heloveshisco-workersandalthecustomersknow 8.conveying/expressing
whoheis. 9.erase/remove/delete/change
4.Helearnedteamwork,devotionandstayingpositive 10.can t/cannot
inroughsituations. 专题十五 补全短文
Passage32
1.C 2.E 3.D 4.F 5.B 十年高考母题原型训练
Passage33 A组
1.manners
题源 补全短文的文体
2.Greeting
Passage1
3.Bowing
1.B 引出原谅别人的方法,属于总领“你应该如何开
4.Muslim
始原谅别人呢 ”这句话更合题意。
5.door
2.F 此题和让自己保持冷静有关,故F项“为了让愤
6.lunch
怒消失,可以尝试一些简单的压力管理技巧”更合题意。
7.UK
3.G 此段说的是不要等待别人道歉,出现apologize
8.introducing 这个词的只有G项,故选G。
9.with 4.D 此段说的是换位思考,理解冒犯你的人的立场,
10.around 故D项,尝试从你的冒犯者角度去看事情,符合题意。
Passage34 5.E 此段讲的是原谅自己,故E项,对一些人来说,原
1.Advantagesanddisadvantagesoftelevisedsport. 谅自己是最大的挑战,更合题意。
2.digitalbroadcasting Passage2
3.Ahealthbenefit. 1.E 根据 1 空 之 前“Suchchangesoftenleaveus
4.Thereare/wilbe(some)disadvantages withoutafriend”以及第一段最后一句“Belowaresomehelpful
5.televisedsport suggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.”可知,此空是说交
Passage35 朋友对于一些人来说很容易与后句“Butformanyofusthe
1.Teaching/Education/Schooling processisdificultandrequirescourage”形成鲜明对比。
2.preparation 2.C 由 2 空处后“Youcanalwaysstarttheconversa-
3.school(s) tion”可知,我们也可以主动和他人交谈而不是被动地等待。
4.content 3.B 由 3 空处后面段落中“astheseinterestswould
5.politely alwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether”推出,题干应为
6.managing “一起做事情”比较合适。
7.think 4.G 由“Letitgrow”下面的段落大意可以推出,我们
8.fit 不该以电话、短信或拜访的方式给予朋友压力,而应该顺其
9.society 自然地慢慢培养友谊。
10.life 5.D 由此段第一句中“alowyourfriendstobethem-
Passage36 selves”以及“Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyareto
1.self-centred/subjective whatyouwantthemtobe.”可 知,我 们 不 应 该 挑 朋 友 的 错
2.involves 误,而应尊重他们本来的样子。
3.determine/define/know/understand Passage3
4.expectations/hopes/desires/wishes 1.C 文章第一句说每个人都会有压力,而1空后阐述
5.occurs/happens/exists/arises 释放压力的不同方式,故选C。
6.reading/understanding/knowing 2.F 本段主要在说当你需要帮助时,应该找你信任的
7.behaviors/acts/action(s)/activities 人聊聊,并列举几个你可以找的人,因此此处最佳选项为F。
·100·
3.A 本段最后说“记住总有人能够帮你,不要独自承 5.D 由第四段首句“Thejobtaughtmeavaluableles-
担”,因此最佳选项为A,应该寻求帮助。 son”以及“youneedtobeagoodlistener”可知选D,我们需多
4.E 本段主要讲努力解决问题,因此选E。 听消费者的意见。
5.D 最后说如果能以一种积极的心态走出困境,你会 Passage7
感觉很好,故选D。 1.C 由空格前的提问可知,C项是对前句的回答,并引
Passage4 出下文。
1.F 由“Readonforsometechniquesworthtrying”可 2.B 因为空格前句指出当人们特别累的时候给他们听
知,选F,幸运的是,我们可以做很多事来避免这些时刻。 这种音乐,可推出下文应叙述音乐给这些人带来的效果。
2.A 由“lookedforwardtoupcomingevents”和最后一 3.F 因为空格前提到一些音乐家或作曲家愿意他们的
句“keepyourbrainlookingforward”可知,应选“关注未来”。 作品被选择,空格处讲述原因是他们的作品被使用,他们就
3.E “3”空后“Somethingassimpleas..”可推出,“不 可以得到报酬。
用担心”。 4.D 根据空格前提到 Tiredofficeworkers,空格后一
4.G 由“4”空 前 一 句 话“Mildlyraisedglucoselevels 句提到Supermarketshoppers,空格中应是factoryworkers
canharmtheareaofthebrainthathelpsyouformmemories 的有关内容与其对应。
and..thataregoodforyourbrain.”可知,照顾好身体的同 5.A 由文章最后一段可概括出最后一段内容,有的人
时,大脑也会得到好的照看。 不喜欢 Muzak。
5.C 前句说“是得学习新的技能,并且体力劳动与脑力 Passage8
劳动并行”可以推出,符合的只有C,“学习园林艺术”。 1.D 根据后一句“我的第一反应就是要进行防卫性的
Passage5 回答”可知。
1.G 本段后文说当你的孩子对买糖果或玩具感兴趣 2.G 下文例举出三点为下次你做会议准备所提出的
时,你可以和他谈论钱,故此句为教育孩子的最佳。 建议,可知选G。
2.F 根据本段标题“钱的基本功能”及本段的几个关键 3.A 下文的关键词“showinterestandadesireto”可知
词“wanttohaveatoy”和“cashier(收银员)”可知选F。 第一个建议是“展示你的真实兴趣爱好”。
3.D 根据本段标题可知本段在讲当孩子想买东西时, 4.F 根据本段的前后句关系可知你可以反复的重复问
应教他什么该买,什么不该买,故选D。 题,而后句表递进关系,故选F,“你也可以要求这个问题清
4.A 根据最后一段“挑选两个不同品牌的商品时,展 楚的阐述。”
示给孩子如何选择”,故可推出标题应为“明智的选择”。 5.E 根据前文句意关系可知此处表递进关系“一对一
5.C 根据5空后一句“如果他选择便宜的”可知5空应 的私人会议使你在同事面前说话显得更加底气十足,它也是
为“允许孩子从中选择”。 思想交流的一种有效的办法”,因此选E。
Passage6 B组
1.B 由“WhenIfirstsatwithmygrandmotherbehind 题源 补全短文的文体
thecashier”起初我和奶奶坐在收银台后面,可推出时间顺 Passage1
序,“Beforelong,sheletmesittherebymyself.后来奶奶让 1.E 此题有两个暗示点。第一个是时间,上句话提到
我自己坐在那。” 了5,500年前有的城市,之前,紧接着说200年之前,是个简
2.A “AtfirstIwaspaidincandy”与“Later,Ireceived 单的顺承关系。第二个是but的轻微语义转折,but之后的
50centsanhour”形成先后的顺序表明前后作者的待遇的 两句话都是在讲当时人的居住情况,故E项为最佳选项。
变化。 2.D 此 题 有 一 个 明 确 的 暗 示 点,为 D选 项 当 中 的
3.G 由“Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.” other和上句的Onlythebeginning。other是明显承上启下
爸爸帮我在银行开了一个账户推出“Watchinganymoney 的功能,后面的theprocessof证明了这一点,故选D。
grow..”,G选项最合适。 3.B 此题有一个明确的暗示点。therest和之前的3
4.C 由第三段“BythetimeIwas12,..thatshepro- 个数据是明显的并列关系,故答案选B。
motedmetoselingcosmetics(化妆品)可知,我开始卖化妆 4.A 此题A选项中有一个明确的暗示点,That指代
品了,并且由全文推出我卖出了许多化妆品。” 之前所说,故选A。
·101·
5.F 此题有一个明确的暗示点,modernization是前面 2.E 由文章下文内容可知,本段主要介绍如何上公共
pasttwocenturies和后面today的明确对应,故选F。 演讲课。
Passage2 3.A 根据上文中“组织一次演讲不仅是组织已有观点的
1.D 本题的后一句出现了一个新名词nonprofits(非 问题”可知下文“而且,这还是形成观点自身的一个重要部分。”
盈利),而前文的内容是在说大多数企业都在寻求利润,那这 4.F 由下文内容可知,本段讲了在演讲中所学的技巧
。
里语义的突 然 变 化 就 提 示 了 我 们 空 格 处 所 填 内 容 应 该 与 如何帮助你思考
由上文可知,此处为排比句且都是在讲演讲课中
seektomakeaprofit(寻求利益)语义相反,而与nonprofit相 5.G
所学技巧对实际的帮助。
同,因为只有这样才能自然地引出下文。纵观选项,只有答
案D出现了however,表示语义的转折,所以正确答案为D。 第四模块 短文改错
2.C 根 据 文 意,前 文 提 到 的theseorganizationsare
primarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders中 的theseor- 专题十六 短文改错
ganizations实指nonprofitsorganizations,所以此处2题的内
十年高考母题原型训练
容应该是对nongovernmentalserviceproviders(非政府服务
提供商)的进一步解释。纵观选项,只有答案C是在举例子, A组
而且也出现了关键词nonprofit,所以正确答案为C。 题源1 短文改错的命题特征
3.G 这道题的解题方法就是我们说的充分利用“指路 Passage1
词”。下文中出现了Oneis..,Thethirdrelates..,可见本空 DearDiary,
是个总起句,概括了什么东西包含有三个方面。纵观选项, HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesfaraway
只有答案G出现了three,且主语planning正好复现了第二 fromourfarmhouse.Doyouwanttoknowwhywe movemoved
段首句出现的techniquesofplanning,所以正确答案为G。 lastweek Dadlosthisjob,andasMomexplained,“Hewas
4.E 还是依靠“指路词”,文中出现过了第一和第三, luckytofind other one.”HisnewjobmeantIhadtosay
所以本空描述的肯定是第二个方面。纵观选项,只有答案E another
, 。 goodbyetomyclassmate
,myschoolorjusteverything
出现了thesecond 所以答案为E classmates and
5.A 观察第二段可知,商务管理中涉及的techniques elseIloveintheworld.Tomakematters bad ,nowIhave
worse
ofplanning,direction均已经提到,只差最后一个control(控
tosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.Tomorrow
制)还未提及,所以本空一定和control有关。纵观选项,只
is ∧ firstdayofschool.Iamawfulytiring,butIknow
有答案A出现了关键词control,所以答案为A。 the/my tired
Passage3 I lneverfalsleep.asleep
1.B 由文章下文可知,本段主要讲人们独处的时间变 Goodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonly
, are多 并分析其形成原因。
souvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.
2.D 由文章上文可知,此处讲人们缺少同情心的可能
Yours,
因素。
Rosemary
3.G 由上文可知,此处讲人际关系的重要性。 [解析] ①数字+miles+awayfrom的结构,意为“离……
4.F 由上文可知,此处讲良好的人际关系在生活中会
多远”。
带来的好处。
②根据lastweek,判断时态为过去时。
5.C 由文章上文内容可知,此处讲人们提升同情心的
③这里需要的是“又一个,再一个”。
方法,在下文中也提到了提升同情心的具体措施。
我的同学应该是一群人,用复数。
Passa ④ge4
, 。
1.D , 并列关系 表列举文章上文提到 从广义上来讲,批判性思考就是 ⑤
把思考集中并组织起来,是明确各观点之间关系的能力。下 ⑥更糟糕的是,表比较。
文提到,最伟大的思想家、科学家和发明家经常把有用的信 ⑦单 数 可 数 名 词 前 缺 少 冠 词 或 限 定 词,应 添 加the
息提取出来,重新组合创造出新的观点。由此可推出“世界 或my。
上新的观点很少,只有重新组织起来的观点。” ⑧我感到十分累。修饰人,应该用过去分词形式。
·102·

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