资源简介

【答案】1. not to switch
2. how far 3. it
4. without 5. whose
6. has made
7. less likely
8. does 9. as
10. whether
【答案】11. B 12. D
13. J 14. G
15. I 16. F
17. H 18. K
19. C 20. A
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C
【答案】40. D 41. B 42. B
【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B
【答案】47. B 48. D 49. E 50. C
【答案】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters.Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.(51 words)
52. 她轻巧的动作流程从未让人们失望过。（amaze）（译英）
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
53. 虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) (汉译英)
【答案】Though I complained that he was getting in my way, he took no notice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen.
54. 领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。 (present; pave)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The leader attended the ceremony and presented medals to all soldiers and pioneers present to promote patriotism and pave the way for a bright future.
55. 求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。（prove; rate）（汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Seeking common ground while reserving differences has proved to be the golden rule for handling diplomatic relations, and is also rated as the optimal way to pursue fairness and justice and maintain world peace and stability.
【答案】Dear Worried,
I am sorry to hear that your friend is suffering from anxiety. Here I would like to give you some suggestions to help her.
First, you can advise her to talk with people who she trusts. Chatting with others works out well because a casual talk can help her move away from the anxiety for a moment. Besides, doing exercise is a good way to relieve the anxiety. It can help her to relax both physically and mentally. So, why not ask her to go out for some sports Finally, ask her to try a warm bath and take a cup of warm milk before going to bed, helping her to have a good rest.
I hope you will find my suggestions useful, and wish your friend get rid of anxiety soon.
Yours,
Wang Lei上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高二下学期期末英语考试
（测试105分钟内完成，总分115分，试后交答题卷）
友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获！ 祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Electric vehicles: Can ‘lightweighting’ combat range anxiety
It seems like a simple enough choice. The widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) could contribute to the efforts to stop global warming. But many motorists are still choosing ___1___ (not switch) to this low-carbon technology. While EV uptake has been rapid, it’s been slower than some carmakers expected.
There are many reasons why people are not moving to EVs as quickly as expected. This includes price, charging infrastructure (基础设施) and concerns about ___2___ they can travel — so-called “range anxiety.” Drivers want to be able to charge and go in the same time ___3___ takes to fill a tank with petrol, and they want the same mileage per charge of the battery. But with today’s lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池), EVs can only go so far.
Now, there are signs that some auto companies are looking for innovative ways to overcome these obstacles to adoption. Their solution Make cars lighter.
“Every gram of that weight reduction improves range,” says Andrew Poliak, U.S chief technology officer of Panasonic Automotive. The company says it has developed components that weigh between 30 to 60 percent less ___4___ affecting performance. These, including the speakers and audio system used in cars, can draw 60 percent less power from the car.
In 2023, Panasonic released five-centimeter-thick speakers, ___5___ ability to produce sound is typically matched by speakers in the door that are three times as thick, and that fit into a car’s dashboard. The technology removed significant weight in the doors. Now, Poliak says, Panasonic is noubling down on that concept to further lighten the weight inside vehicles.
Another major carmaker, Honda, is looking at a different key component in EVs-the battery itself-as part of its effort to reduce weight. It ___6___ (make) a large number of investments in developing solid-state batteries. The batteries are smaller and lighter than the conventional lithium-ion batteries currently used in most EVs on the road. The battery technology also has the ability to charge faster and is ___7___ (likely) to be damaged by overheating resulting from fast-charging.
This brings added benefits, says Honda spokesperson Chris Martin. Not having to worry about the battery overheating means it ___8___ not need the same safety features around it. This would serve to further lighten the car.
Lighter-weight components could help to bring the cost of EVs down, too. “I think it’s certain that ___9___ the technology advances, the costs for an EV will go down,” says Poliak. The question that remains, however, is ____10____ people will think much lighter electric cars really can go the distance.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. cause B. regulated C. complex D. exposing E. deliberately F. recorded G. locating H. particularly I. different J. efficiency K. caution
Noise Pollution Rules Should Be Tightened
Road traffic, aircraft, ships, factories and oil drilling are all human activities that produce noise. The noise should be better ____11____ to protect wildlife, say the authors of a study ____12____ how sound pollution affects creatures from fish to birds.
Studies have found noise pollution to be linked to poorer human health. But experts say it can also affect wildlife, from preventing their communication to affecting the ____13____ with which they search for food. “For example, if bats ____14____ their prey through sound clues can’t hear clearly,” said Dr Hansjoerg Kunc, the co-author of the research, “they have to fly longer and invest more time and energy to find food.”
The studies were based on experiments in which ____15____ aspects of the animals’ behaviour or other measures, such as changes in hormone (荷尔蒙) levels, were ____16____ before and after exposure to noise. The results reveal that human-produced noise affects a wide range of species. “Thus, the response to noise can be explained by most species responding to noise rather than a few species being ____17____ sensitive to noise,” the authors wrote.
The team continued to ____18____ that their research did not examine whether the effects were beneficial or harmful to species. That was because such considerations were ____19____. For example, noise that affects hunting could benefit prey while creating difficulties for predators (食肉动物).
“Even if some animals benefitted, it did not mean noise should not be dealt with, since the majority would still experience negative effects”, said Kunc. But there was ____20____ for optimism. “Unlike chemical pollution, if a noise source moves away, then nothing stays in the environment any more,” he said.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Thieving Monkeys — Name Your Price
Human beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal.
If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali, be careful. The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves. They make a living by ____21____ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever. But professor Jean-Baptiste Leca wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first ____22____ and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether macaques are able to ____23____ how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.
Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the activities of the monkeys. Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a ____24____ tourist, they recorded the interaction. Not all attempts at robbery were successful. But of those that were, they analysed the ____25____ of almost 2,200.
To work out what was going on, they had first to establish the ____26____ values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for use in negotiations ____27____ tourists who want to get their property back: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different ____28____, but professor Leca established these for ____29____ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.
To confirm which stealable objects are most _____30_____ by people, they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets. They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims _____31_____ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes, and _____32_____ classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).
They found that monkeys do have a good sense of what they are doing — _____33_____, adults and sub-adults do. These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up. Young ones make no such _____34_____, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.
In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn. It has to be _____35_____.
21. A. warning B. robbing C. reminding D. clearing
22. A. deposit B. dish C. offer D. prey
23. A. assign B. assist C. assure D. assess
24. A. particular B. principal C. peculiar D. progressive
25. A. impacts B. details C. attacks D. motions
26. A. precise B. scientific C. optional D. relative
27. A. in spite of B. in honor of C. with regard to D. on behalf of
28. A. preferences B. potentials C. performances D. predictions
29. A. individual B. independent C. collective D. cooperative
30. A. identified B. valued C. exchanged D. rewarded
31. A. refused B. managed C. bothered D. happened
32. A. instead B. otherwise C. thus D. meanwhile
33. A. in practice B. at least C. in all D. at length
34. A. differences B. distinctions C. distributions D. demands
35. A. acquired B. reversed C. managed D. informed
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I had a teacher who used to wake up in class by shouting: “The early bird gets the worm!” I say “let him have the worm”. I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason. Anyway, I stopped eating worms at the age of three, switching to regular breakfasts of cereal(谷物), to which I would add extra sugar.
Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia: ”My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn’t like to be top of the class. What shall I do ” Give him a round of “applause” for being smart! Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better.
Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11, I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last. The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted; the second-to-last contestant is INVISIBLE. And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test. I could do that. I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races. No one suspected anything. I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed.
At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds. It was funny to watch, but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship. What they really needed were acting lessons, their moves were so unconvincing. “Oops, I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.”
The other day, I took the children out and they raced for the car. “I’m first,” said one. The second said: “First is worst, second is best.” Together they sang at the last one: “And third’s the one with a hairy chest.”
It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.”
36. Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant
A. Its food was served raw. B. Its food contained worms.
C. He was tempted by cereal. D. He was affected by the saying.
37. How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class
A. He highlighted the top three students.
B. He came to second in sports races.
C. He hid himself in a bank skillfully.
D. He intentionally underperformed.
38. What can be learned from the passage
A. The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players.
B. Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs.
C. Children’s song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes.
D. players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds.
39. Which saying might the author possibly support
A. Great minds think alike. B. God favors those who are prepared.
C. Honesty is the best policy. D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush
(B)
Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food, and they try to find the most nectar (花蜜)in the least amount of time possible. A small number of bees work as searchers, but when a good flower patch (花丛) is found, how do they tell other bees where to find it
Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive, where bees live. One bee dances while the other bees watch. The dancing bee smells like the flower patch, and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered. Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch. Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information: the waggle (摇摆) dance and the circle dance.
Waggle dance
The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location: the distance and the direction away from the hive.
A. Distance
The dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straight line, then circlesaround to repeat the dance. The length of the middle line, called the waggle run, shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch.
B. Direction
Bees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive, and they use this to show direction. How Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up. Outside the hive, bees look at the position of the sun, and fly at the same angle away from the sun.
Circle dance
The circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch’s location: that it is somewhere close to the hive.
In this dance, the bee walks in a circle, turns around, then walks the same circle in the opposite direction. Sometimes, the bee includes a little waggle as she’s turning around. The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch.
40. Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar
A. To inform them of the distance of the flower.
B. To celebrate her success of finding the nectar.
C. To motivate them to collect the nectar.
D. To ensure the bees find the right patch.
41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances
A. The searcher’s waggle means little during the circle dance.
B. The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch.
C. The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is.
D. The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance.
42. If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way(see the right picture), which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees
A. B. C. D.
(C)
The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has delivered a significant academic impact after ground-breaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development. But only if you act him out. A study found that a “rehearsal (彩排) room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and writing complexity as well as their emotional literacy.
“The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) said. “Allowing children to use their whole bodies to bring the text to life and to make choices about character motivation had long been thought to improve literacy but now the research supported it”, she added. The randomized control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils at 45 state primary schools with no prior exposure to RSC pedagogy (教学法). They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand after the shipwreck in The Tempest (《暴风雨》). The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage.
The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils tapped into a wider vocabulary, used words classed as more complicated or rarer, and wrote at greater length. They also appear to be more comfortable writing in role. While control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion. Another study also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island clichés (陈词滥调)” such as palm trees, target pupils were more expressive giving a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions.
O’Hanlon expressed surprise at the emotional literacy in the target children’s writing, noting they were more adaptable and hopeful. She stressed that it was probably related to the rehearsal room process where you were used to trying to imagine your way through. She also said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, significantly enriches children’s language experience, especially when they engage their whole bodies to bring the words to life. She added: “The reason we are performing Shakespeare’s work 400 years on is that there are so many different choices to make about character motivation, the meanings of different kinds of speeches, the setting. Shakespeare is great at asking you the questions. He doesn’t give you the answers and that’s why it’s such an interesting and creative body of work to explore.”
43. Which of the following learners’ activities fits the “rehearsal room” approach
A. Physically perform Shakespeare’s works.
B. Emotionally reading Shakespeare’s plays.
C. Independently writing reviews of Shakespeare’s plays.
D. Regularly memorizing the lines of Shakespeare’s works.
44. What can we learn from the peer-reviewed results
A. Control pupils generally write longer pieces.
B. Target pupils prefer using common vocabulary.
C. Target pupils better identify with literary characters.
D. Control pupils fail to react to an imagined situation.
45. O’Hanlon would most likely to agree that _________.
A. young children demonstrate strong literacy and motivation
B. memorizing Shakespeare’s texts directly teaches emotional skills
C. actors’ performance helps children’s language learning and mental development
D. Shakespeare’s enduring popularity lies in open questions and diverse interpretations
46. Which of the following might be the best title of this passage
A. Language’s Power: Writing in role.
B. Shakespeare’s Magic: Learning by Acting.
C. A Discovery Journey: Exploring Shakespeare’s World.
D. A Path to Growth: Conducting Drama-driven Research.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Why You Won’t Apologize
In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to. ____47____ Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know — sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts. But all too often, we stubbornly refuse to apologize, even when we know we’re in the wrong.
An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we’ve done to a relationship. To do this，we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim’s position and to show empathy (共情) for the pain we have caused the victim. Some researches have indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person. ____48____ When our friend points out that we’ve offended them, it’s easy to recall plenty of instances when they’d also hurt our feelings—so what are they getting so upset about
We all want to believe we’re essentially good people. Accepting the fact that we’ve hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent (不一致) with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things. ____49____
Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable. ____50____ Your sincere apology doesn’t mean the victim ought to forgive you right away. It may still take time, but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started.
A. However, it’s quite difficult to make a sincere apology.
B. The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again.
C. There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness.
D. But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended.
E. Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology.
F. Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship.
III. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship, and More to Maintain It
Many of us worry that we don’t put in enough time to maintain close friendships. But how much is enough Unfortunately, there’s no magic formula (公式) for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them. Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact.
Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend. In order to move from casual friends to close friends, we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours.
However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations. Contrarily, spending 200 hours together doesn’t necessarily mean a person will become a close friend. They have to want to be your friends. Some co-workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends.
When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters. Engaging in passive activity with friends — like watching a TV series — is fun and enjoyable, but it doesn’t do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations, sharing feelings, and being a good listener. And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with, through calls and texts or in person, helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings, like happiness.
The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships. Once that closeness is established, some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 她轻巧的动作流程从未让人们失望过。（amaze）（译英）
________________________________________________________________________
53. 虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) (汉译英)
54. 领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。 (present; pave)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________
55. 求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。（prove; rate）（汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________
V. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“Advice Column”上看到如下一则信息。给这位署名为“Worried”的读者写一封邮件，针对他的问题提出建议，内容须包括：
1）你的建议
2）你的理由
（信的开头已经为你写好。）
My best friend seems anxious a lot. She bites her fingernails and always looks tired. I don’t think she’s eating right, either, How can I convince her to take better care of herself
— Worried

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