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中考英语基础核心句 100 句·语法 + 词汇精讲
第一阶：基础句
Sentence 01 ｜ 语法主题：be动词（am/is/are）
标准例句
My name is Li Xiang. I am twelve years old and I come from Hangzhou, a beautiful city in eastern China.
中文翻译
我叫李翔。我十二岁，来自杭州——中国东部的一座美丽城市。
语法笔记
be动词（am/is/are）用法：My name is…（单数主语搭配is）；I am…（第一人称单数固定搭配am）；考点：be动词随主语人称、单复数保持一致。
come from = be from，均表“来自”；from为介词后接地点；变疑问/否定句需借助助动词do/does。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
name n. [ne m] first name / last name / full name
twelve num. [twelv] —
year n. [j (r)] years old / this year / last year
come v. [k m] come from / come back / come in
beautiful adj. [ bju t fl] a beautiful city / beautiful flowers
eastern adj. [ i st n] in eastern China / eastern part
China n. [ t a n ] in China / around China
Sentence 02 ｜ 语法主题：be动词一般疑问句
标准例句
Is your mother a teacher My mother is a nurse, but my aunt teaches English in a high school.
中文翻译
你妈妈是老师吗？我妈妈是护士，但我阿姨在一所高中教英语。
语法笔记
be动词一般疑问句结构：将is/am/are提前至主语前；标准回答：Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
teaches：teach第三人称单数；考点：一般现在时，主语三单，谓语动词加-s/-es。
but转折连词，连接语义相反的两个分句。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
mother n. [ m (r)] —
teacher n. [ ti t (r)] an English teacher / a math teacher
nurse n. [n s] work as a nurse
teach v. [ti t ] teach English / teach sb. to do sth.
high adj. [ha ] a high school / high price
aunt n. [ɑ nt] —
Sentence 03 ｜ 语法主题：形容词并列作表语
标准例句
My deskmate Wang Fang is tall and thin. She has long black hair and wears glasses.
中文翻译
我的同桌王芳又高又瘦。她留着黑色长发，戴眼镜。
语法笔记
tall and thin 多个形容词并列放系动词后作表语，并列可用and连接。
has：have三单形式，表“拥有”，后接名词表所属。
wear 表穿戴状态；put on 强调穿戴动作
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
deskmate n. [ deskme t] —
tall adj. [t l] —
thin adj. [θ n] —
long adj. [l ] long hair / long time
hair n. [he (r)] long hair / short hair / black hair
wear v. [we (r)] wear glasses / wear a coat
glasses n. [ ɡlɑ s z] a pair of glasses / wear glasses
Sentence 04 ｜ 语法主题：there be 复数句型
标准例句
There are three people in my family: my parents and me. We always support each other.
中文翻译
我家有三口人：我的父母和我。我们总是互相支持。
语法笔记
There be 表“某地存在人/物”，there are 搭配复数名词；就近原则：be单复数由紧跟名词决定。
me 宾格；考点：人称代词主格作主语，宾格作宾语/介词宾语。
each other 相互代词，仅作宾语，不可充当主语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
three num. [θri ] —
people n. [ pi pl] many people / young people
parent n. [ pe r nt] parents（复数，父母）
we pron. [wi ] 主格
me pron. [mi ] 宾格
always adv. [ lwe z] —
support v. [s p t] support each other / support one's family
Sentence 05 ｜ 语法主题：there be 单数句型
标准例句
I have a new bicycle. It is red and black, and there is a small basket on the front.
中文翻译
我有一辆新自行车。它是红黑色的，前面有一个小筐。
语法笔记
have 表“拥有”，主语非三单用原形；区分 have（所属）/ there be（存在）。
red and black 并列形容词描述物品颜色。
there is + 单数名词；on the front 介词短语作地点状语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
bicycle n. [ ba s kl] ride a bicycle / by bicycle
red adj. [red] —
black adj. [bl k] —
small adj. [sm l] a small basket / small town
basket n. [ bɑ sk t] a shopping basket / a basket of...
front n. [fr nt] in front of / at the front
Sentence 06 ｜ 语法主题：一般现在时第三人称单数
标准例句
My father usually leaves home at seven o'clock and walks to the underground station.
中文翻译
我父亲通常七点离开家，步行去地铁站。
语法笔记
leaves / walks 均为动词三单；主语第三人称单数，谓语动词变形加-s/-es。
频度副词 usually 放实义动词前；常见频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never。
时间介词辨析：at+具体时刻；in+月份/年份/季节；on+具体某天。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
father n. [ fɑ (r)] —
leave v. [li v] leave home / leave for school
seven num. [ sevn] —
o'clock adv. [ kl k] at seven o'clock / at noon
walk v. [w k] walk to school / walk home / go for a walk
underground n. [ nd ɡra nd] by underground / take the underground
station n. [ ste n] bus station / railway station / police station
Sentence 07 ｜ 语法主题：there be单数+方位介词
标准例句
There is a big library behind the classroom building, and students often read books there.
中文翻译
教学楼后面有一个大图书馆，学生们经常在那里看书。
语法笔记
There is 搭配单数主语 a big library，遵循就近原则。
behind 方位介词，介词短语整体作地点状语。
read 原形发音 /ri d/，过去式拼写不变、发音 /red/，时态变形为考点。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
library n. [ la br ri] in the library / public library
behind prep. [b ha nd] behind the building / behind the door
classroom n. [ klɑ sru m] in the classroom / classroom building
building n. [ b ld ] classroom building / office building
student n. [ stju dnt] middle school student / college student
read v. [ri d] read books / read a newspaper
Sentence 08 ｜ 语法主题：there be 就近原则
标准例句
In the living room, there is a wooden table and four chairs. My family usually have dinner there.
中文翻译
客厅里有一张木桌和四把椅子。我们家人通常在那里吃晚饭。
语法笔记
并列主语 a wooden table and four chairs，就近看单数 table，用 there is。
wooden 名词wood + en 构成形容词；同类变形：gold→golden。
have dinner 固定搭配，三餐名词前零冠词（breakfast/lunch/dinner）。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
living adj. [ l v ] living room / living things
wooden adj. [ w dn] a wooden table / wooden floor
table n. [ te bl] at the table / table tennis
chair n. [t e (r)] sit on a chair
four num. [f (r)] —
dinner n. [ d n (r)] have dinner / cook dinner / after dinner
Sentence 09 ｜ 语法主题：三单+不定式作宾语
标准例句
My neighbour's cat is white and furry. It likes to sleep on the sofa in the afternoon.
中文翻译
我邻居的猫是白色的，毛茸茸的。它喜欢下午在沙发上睡觉。
语法笔记
’s 名词所有格，表所属；单数有生命名词加’s，复数名词直接加’。
like to do 不定式作宾语；辨析：like to do（单次动作）/ like doing（长期习惯）。
on the sofa / in the afternoon 分别为地点、时间介词状语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
neighbour n. [ ne b (r)] next-door neighbour
cat n. [k t] —
white adj. [wa t] —
furry adj. [ f ri] —
sleep v. [sli p] go to sleep / fall asleep
sofa n. [ s f ] sit on the sofa / lie on the sofa
afternoon n. [ ɑ ft nu n] in the afternoon / this afternoon
Sentence 10 ｜ 语法主题：一般现在时否定句
标准例句
My sister does not like fast food. She prefers rice and fresh vegetables for lunch.
中文翻译
我妹妹不喜欢快餐。她午餐更喜欢米饭和新鲜蔬菜。
语法笔记
主语三单否定结构：does not + 动词原形 like。
prefers 为prefer三单；固定搭配 prefer A to B（比起B更喜欢A）。
for lunch 中for 表“作为（三餐）”。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
sister n. [ s st (r)] younger sister / elder sister
fast adj. [fɑ st] fast food / fast train
food n. [fu d] fast food / healthy food / fresh food
prefer v. [pr f (r)] prefer to do / prefer A to B
rice n. [ra s] a bowl of rice / steamed rice
fresh adj. [fre ] fresh vegetables / fresh air / fresh fruit
vegetable n. [ ved t bl] green vegetables / fresh vegetables
lunch n. [l nt ] have lunch / for lunch / after lunch
Sentence 11 ｜ 语法主题：do引导特殊疑问句
标准例句
Which subject do you like best Tom says he likes physics because it is challenging.
中文翻译
你最喜欢哪个学科？汤姆说他喜欢物理，因为它有挑战性。
语法笔记
特殊疑问词句型：特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形。
says 后接省略that的宾语从句，从句必须使用陈述语序。
because 引导原因状语从句，不能与so连用。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
which pron. [w t ] which one / which subject
subject n. [ s bd kt] favourite subject / school subject
best adv. [best] like best / do one's best
say v. [se ] say to sb. / say goodbye
physics n. [ f z ks] —
because conj. [b k z] —
challenging adj. [ t l nd ] —
Sentence 12 ｜ 语法主题：一般现在时综合
标准例句
We have eight classes every day, four in the morning and four in the afternoon.
中文翻译
我们每天有八节课，上午四节，下午四节。
语法笔记
have classes 上课；class表“课程”为可数名词。
every day 副词短语作状语；区分形容词 everyday（日常的）。
后半句省略重复名词 classes，简化句式。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
eight num. [e t] —
class n. [klɑ s] have classes / in class / after class
every adj. [ evri] every day / every week / every student
Sentence 13 ｜ 语法主题：情态动词can表能力
标准例句
My cousin can swim very fast, and she can also dive to the bottom of the pool.
中文翻译
我表妹游泳游得很快，她还能潜到游泳池底部。
语法笔记
can 情态动词无人称/数变化，后接动词原形；否定 can’t / cannot。
also 副词位置：情态动词后、实义动词前。
of 介词表所属，the bottom of the pool 泳池底部。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
cousin n. [ k zn] —
swim v. [sw m] go swimming / swim across
fast adv. [fɑ st] run fast / speak fast
also adv. [ ls ] —
dive v. [da v] dive into / go diving
bottom n. [ b t m] at the bottom of / from top to bottom
pool n. [pu l] swimming pool / pool of water
Sentence 14 ｜ 语法主题：can疑问句+不定式宾语
标准例句
Can you play the piano I am learning to play it, but I am still not very good at it.
中文翻译
你会弹钢琴吗？我正在学弹钢琴，但还弹得不太好。
语法笔记
play + 乐器必须加the；play + 球类运动零冠词。
learn to do sth. 固定搭配，不定式作learn宾语。
be good at = do well in，at是介词，后接名词/动名词。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
piano n. [pi n ] play the piano / piano concert
learn v. [l n] learn to do / learn from / learn about
still adv. [st l] —
good adj. [ɡ d] be good at / be good for / be good with
Sentence 15 ｜ 语法主题：一般现在时+多介词状语
标准例句
After school, my classmates and I often play football on the sports field for an hour.
中文翻译
放学后，我和同学们经常在运动场上踢一个小时的足球。
语法笔记
after school 时间状语，after 后接名词/动名词表先后。
play football 球类不加the。
for + 时间段，表动作持续时长。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
after prep. [ ɑ ft (r)] after school / after class / after dinner
classmate n. [ klɑ sme t] —
football n. [ f tb l] play football / watch a football match
sports n. [sp ts] sports field / sports meeting / do sports
field n. [fi ld] sports field / play on the field
hour n. [ a (r)] an hour / half an hour / for hours
Sentence 16 ｜ 语法主题：时间表达法+现在进行时
标准例句
It is a quarter past eight now. We are having our first class — English.
中文翻译
现在是八点一刻。我们正在上第一节课——英语。
语法笔记
时间表达：past 表“过”，to 表“差”；a quarter=15分钟，half=30分钟。
am/is/are + doing 现在进行时，表此刻正在做的动作。
破折号用于补充解释前文名词。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
quarter n. [ kw t (r)] a quarter past / a quarter to / three quarters
past prep. [pɑ st] half past six / ten past nine
eight num. [e t] —
first num. [f st] first class / first time / at first
Sentence 17 ｜ 语法主题：When特殊疑问+三单
标准例句
When does the school library close It closes at five thirty in the afternoon.
中文翻译
学校图书馆什么时候关门？下午五点半关门。
语法笔记
主语三单特殊疑问：When + does + 主语 + 动词原形。
close→closes；以s/sh/ch/x/o结尾动词三单加-es。
five thirty = half past five 两种时间表达。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
close v. [kl z] close the door / close the window / close the library
thirty num. [ θ ti] —
five num. [fa v] —
Sentence 18 ｜ 语法主题：现在进行时（此刻动作）
标准例句
My mother is cooking in the kitchen at the moment. She is preparing dinner for us.
中文翻译
我妈妈此刻正在厨房做饭。她正在为我们准备晚饭。
语法笔记
at the moment “此刻”，是现在进行时标志性时间词。
prepare sth. for sb. 固定搭配：为某人准备某物。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
cook v. [k k] cook dinner / cook food / cook for family
kitchen n. [ k t n] in the kitchen / kitchen table
moment n. [ m m nt] at the moment / for a moment / at any moment
prepare v. [pr pe (r)] prepare for / prepare dinner / prepare to do
Sentence 19 ｜ 语法主题：现在进行时特殊疑问句
标准例句
What is your father doing He is repairing his car in the garage.
中文翻译
你父亲在做什么？他正在车库里修理他的汽车。
语法笔记
进行时特殊疑问句型：What + be + 主语 + doing
in + 地点名词，表“在……内部”。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
repair v. [r pe (r)] repair the car / repair the machine / repair the road
car n. [kɑ (r)] by car / drive a car / wash the car
garage n. [ ɡ rɑ ] in the garage / garage door
Sentence 20 ｜ 语法主题：there be单数+现在进行时
标准例句
There is a new supermarket near our community. Many people are shopping there now.
中文翻译
我们社区附近有一家新超市。很多人正在那里购物。
语法笔记
near 方位介词，表“在……附近”。
now 现在进行时标志词；people复数名词，谓语用are doing。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
supermarket n. [ su p mɑ k t] at the supermarket / go to the supermarket
near prep. [n (r)] near the school / near the window / near here
community n. [k mju n ti] community centre / in the community
shop v. [ p] go shopping / shop for food
now adv. [na ] right now / from now on / by now
Sentence 21 ｜ 语法主题：一般过去时be动词
标准例句
Yesterday was Sunday. I stayed at home and did my homework all day.
中文翻译
昨天是星期天。我整天待在家里做作业。
语法笔记
was 是 am/is 的过去式，表过去状态。
stayed 规则动词过去式；did 不规则动词do过去式。
yesterday / all day 过去时时间标志。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
yesterday adv. [ jest de ] yesterday morning / the day before yesterday
Sunday n. [ s nde ] on Sunday / every Sunday / last Sunday
stay v. [ste ] stay at home / stay with / stay in bed
did v. [d d] do的过去式
all adj. [ l] all day / all the time / all of us
Sentence 22 ｜ 语法主题：过去时规则+不规则动词
标准例句
Last week, my family visited the science museum. We saw many interesting exhibits there.
中文翻译
上周，我们一家参观了科学博物馆。我们在那里看到了许多有趣的展品。
语法笔记
last week 过去时标志性时间；visited规则变形，saw不规则变形see过去式。
the science museum “the+普通名词”构成专有名词，必须加the。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
last adj. [lɑ st] last week / last year / last night
week n. [wi k] last week / next week / every week
visit v. [ v z t] visit a museum / visit friends / visit a city
science n. [ sa ns] science museum / science teacher / science subject
museum n. [mju zi m] visit the museum / go to the museum
see v. [si ] see a film / see a doctor / see sb. doing
interesting adj. [ ntr st ] —
exhibit n. [ ɡ z b t] museum exhibit / art exhibit
Sentence 23 ｜ 语法主题：过去时不规则动词
标准例句
I went to the beach with my cousins during the summer holiday. We swam in the sea and built sandcastles.
中文翻译
暑假期间我和表兄妹们去了海滩。我们在海里游泳，还堆了沙堡。
语法笔记
went(go)、swam(swim)、built(build)均为高频不规则过去式。
during + 时间段，表“在……期间”。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
beach n. [bi t ] on the beach / go to the beach
during prep. [ dj r ] during the holiday / during the day
summer n. [ s m (r)] summer holiday / summer vacation / in summer
holiday n. [ h l de ] summer holiday / winter holiday / on holiday
sea n. [si ] by the sea / in the sea / at sea
build v. [b ld] build a house / build a sandcastle
sandcastle n. [ s ndkɑ sl] build sandcastles / make sandcastles
Sentence 24 ｜ 语法主题：一般过去时一般疑问句
标准例句
Did you watch the football match last night No, I didn't. I was too busy with my homework.
中文翻译
你昨晚看足球比赛了吗？没看。我忙着写作业。
语法笔记
过去时疑问结构：Did + 主语 + 动词原形；否定回答 No, 主语 + didn’t。
be busy with sth. 忙于某事。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
watch v. [w t ] watch a match / watch TV / watch a film
match n. [m t ] football match / basketball match / watch a match
last adj. [lɑ st] last night / last week / last month
night n. [na t] last night / at night / in the night
busy adj. [ b zi] be busy with / be busy doing
Sentence 25 ｜ 语法主题：一般过去时否定句
标准例句
I didn't have breakfast this morning because I got up too late.
中文翻译
今天早上我没吃早饭，因为我起得太晚了。
语法笔记
过去时否定公式：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形。
get up 固定短语，过去式 got up；too + 形容词 表“太……”。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
this pron. [ s] this morning / this week / this year
morning n. [ m n ] this morning / in the morning / morning exercises
get up 短语 — get up early / get up late
too adv. [tu ] too much / too late / too + adj. + to do
late adj. [le t] be late for / get up late / late at night
Sentence 26 ｜ 语法主题：肯定祈使句
标准例句
Please keep quiet in the reading room. You must return the books on time.
中文翻译
请在阅览室里保持安静。你必须按时归还书籍。
语法笔记
肯定祈使句以动词原形开头，please可放句首/句尾。
must 情态动词表“必须”，禁止用mustn’t。
on time 按时；区分 in time 及时。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
keep v. [ki p] keep quiet / keep healthy / keep doing
quiet adj. [ kwa t] keep quiet / quiet place / quiet night
reading n. [ ri d ] reading room / reading habit / reading skills
room n. [ru m] reading room / living room / bedroom
must modal [m st] 后接动词原形
return v. [r t n] return a book / return to school / return home
book n. [b k] return a book / read a book / book shop
time n. [ta m] on time / in time / all the time
Sentence 27 ｜ 语法主题：否定祈使句
标准例句
Don't run in the hallways. It is dangerous for the students.
中文翻译
不要在走廊里奔跑。这对学生来说很危险。
语法笔记
否定祈使句统一结构：Don’t + 动词原形。
固定句型 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事……
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
don't 助动词 [d nt] do not的缩写
run v. [r n] run fast / run after / run away
hallway n. [ h lwe ] in the hallway / school hallway
dangerous adj. [ de nd r s] dangerous for / dangerous to / be in danger
for prep. [f (r)] for students / for example / for lunch
Sentence 28 ｜ 语法主题：must vs have to
标准例句
We must arrive at school before eight o'clock. We also have to wear the school uniform on weekdays.
中文翻译
我们必须八点前到校。上学日我们还必须穿校服。
语法笔记
must：主观必须，无人称变化；have to：客观规则要求，有人称变形。
arrive at + 小地点 / arrive in + 大地点；on weekdays 工作日。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
arrive v. [ ra v] arrive at（小地点）/ arrive in（大地点）
before prep. [b f (r)] before eight / before breakfast / before class
also adv. [ ls ] —
have to 短语 — 后接动词原形
wear v. [we (r)] wear uniform / wear glasses / wear a coat
uniform n. [ ju n f m] school uniform / wear a uniform
weekday n. [ wi kde ] on weekdays / during the week
Sentence 29 ｜ 语法主题：should表建议
标准例句
You should drink more water every day. It is good for your health.
中文翻译
你应该每天多喝水。这对你的健康有益。
语法笔记
should 情态动词表建议，语气弱于must，后接动词原形。
more 比较级修饰不可数名词water；be good for 对……有益。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
should modal [ d] 后接动词原形
drink v. [dr k] drink water / drink tea / drink milk
water n. [ w t (r)] drink water / fresh water / hot water
more adv. [m (r)] more water / more time / more and more
health n. [helθ] good health / health problems / health care
Sentence 30 ｜ 语法主题：现在进行时vs一般现在时对比
标准例句
It is raining outside now, but my father is still working in the garden.
中文翻译
外面正在下雨，但我父亲仍在花园里干活。
语法笔记
is raining / is working 均为现在进行时，描述当下场景。
still 放在be动词后、实义动词前；but表转折对比。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
rain v. [re n] rain hard / rain heavily / it is raining
outside adv. [ a t sa d] go outside / outside the house
still adv. [st l] —
work v. [w k] work hard / work in the garden / work as a
garden n. [ ɡɑ dn] in the garden / garden flowers / garden party
Sentence 31 ｜ 语法主题：过去进行时 when 从句
标准例句
My brother was watching TV when I came back home yesterday afternoon.
中文翻译
昨天下午我回到家时，我哥哥正在看电视。
语法笔记
过去进行时结构 was/were + doing；when从句用一般过去时表瞬间动作，主句长动作背景。
came 为come过去式。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
brother n. [ br (r)] younger brother / elder brother
watch v. [w t ] watch TV / watch a film / watch a match
when conj. [wen] —
come back 短语 — come home / come from
yesterday n./adv. [ jest de ] yesterday afternoon / yesterday evening
Sentence 32 ｜ 语法主题：过去进行时+感官动词see
标准例句
When I was walking to school this morning, I saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
中文翻译
今天早上我步行去学校时，看见一位老人从自行车上摔下来。
语法笔记
was walking 背景长动作；saw 瞬间动作（一般过去时）。
see sb. do sth. 看见全过程；fall off 从……跌落。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
walk v. [w k] walk to school / walk home / go for a walk
see v. [si ] see sb. do / see sb. doing / see a film
old adj. [ ld] an old man / old house / years old
man n. [m n] an old man / young man / men（复数）
fall v. [f l] fall off / fall down / fall asleep
bicycle n. [ ba s kl] ride a bicycle / by bicycle / fall off a bicycle
Sentence 33 ｜ 语法主题：while引导同步过去进行时
标准例句
While my mother was cooking in the kitchen, my father was reading the newspaper in the living room.
中文翻译
我妈妈在厨房做饭时，我爸爸在客厅看报纸。
语法笔记
while 强调两个长动作同步发生，主从句均使用过去进行时。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
while conj. [wa l] 引导时间状语从句，强调动作同时持续
newspaper n. [ nju zpe p (r)] read a newspaper / daily newspaper
living room n. [ l v ru m] in the living room
Sentence 34 ｜ 语法主题：可数&不可数名词区分
标准例句
We need three apples and some milk to make a fruit salad.
中文翻译
我们需要三个苹果和一些牛奶来做水果沙拉。
语法笔记
apple 可数复数 apples；milk 不可数名词，不能直接加数词。
to make 不定式作目的状语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
need v. [ni d] need to do / need sth. / in need of
three num. [θri ] —
apple n. [ pl] an apple / apple juice / apple tree
some adj. [s m] some milk / some apples / some water
milk n. [m lk] a glass of milk / drink milk
make v. [me k] make a cake / make friends / make salad
fruit n. [fru t] fruit salad / fresh fruit / fruit juice
salad n. [ s l d] fruit salad / vegetable salad / make a salad
Sentence 35 ｜ 语法主题：some/any 用法+不可数名词
标准例句
There is some bread and cheese on the plate, but there is not any butter left.
中文翻译
盘子里有一些面包和奶酪，但没有剩下黄油了。
语法笔记
some 用于肯定句；any 用于否定、疑问句；bread/cheese/butter均不可数。
left 过去分词后置定语，表“剩余的”。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
bread n. [bred] a piece of bread / a loaf of bread
cheese n. [t i z] a piece of cheese / cheese sandwich
plate n. [ple t] on the plate / a clean plate
any adj. [ eni] any butter / any apples / any help
butter n. [ b t (r)] a piece of butter / bread and butter
left adj. [left] the only left / left behind
Sentence 36 ｜ 语法主题：because从句+替代词one/ones
标准例句
I want to buy a new pair of shoes because my old ones are too small.
中文翻译
我想买一双新鞋，因为我的旧鞋太小了。
语法笔记
want to do 不定式作宾语；a pair of 量词修饰成双名词。
ones 复数代词，代指前文复数shoes，避免重复。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
buy v. [ba ] buy sth. / buy for / buy from
new adj. [nju ] new shoes / new book / new friend
pair n. [pe (r)] a pair of shoes / a pair of glasses / a pair of trousers
shoe n. [ u ] a pair of shoes / sports shoes / put on shoes
because conj. [b k z] —
one pron. [w n] old ones / one of...
Sentence 37 ｜ 语法主题：because从句+一般过去时
标准例句
Tom didn't come to school today because he had a bad cold.
中文翻译
汤姆今天没来上学，因为他得了重感冒。
语法笔记
didn’t come 过去时否定；had 是have过去式。
have a bad cold 固定搭配：患重感冒。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
come v. [k m] come to school / come from / come in
today n./adv. [t de ] today's / from today / today morning
had v. [h d] have的过去式
bad adj. [b d] a bad cold / bad weather / bad for
cold n. [k ld] have a cold / catch a cold / bad cold
Sentence 38 ｜ 语法主题：现在完成时yet+连词or
标准例句
We can go hiking or visit the zoo this weekend, but we haven't made a decision yet.
中文翻译
我们这个周末可以去徒步或者参观动物园，但还没做出决定。
语法笔记
or 表选择；can 后并列两个动词原形 go / visit。
haven’t made 现在完成时否定；yet 仅用于否定、疑问句，放句末。
make a decision 做决定。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
hike v. [ha k] go hiking / hike in the mountains
or conj. [ (r)] A or B / 表选择
visit v. [ v z t] visit the zoo / visit a museum / visit friends
zoo n. [zu ] go to the zoo / visit the zoo / at the zoo
make v. [me k] make a decision / make progress / make friends
decision n. [d s n] make a decision / a big decision / decide to do
yet adv. [jet] not yet / have...yet
Sentence 39 ｜ 语法主题：过去时综合+反身代词
标准例句
Last summer, my parents took me to the seaside. We stayed there for a whole week and enjoyed ourselves.
中文翻译
去年夏天，我父母带我去了海边。我们在那里待了整整一周，玩得很开心。
语法笔记
took(take)、stayed、enjoyed 一系列过去动作。
take sb. to sp. 带某人去某地；enjoy oneself 玩得开心，ourselves 反身代词。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
summer n. [ s m (r)] last summer / summer holiday / in summer
take v. [te k] take sb. to / take a bus / take a photo
seaside n. [ si sa d] at the seaside / by the seaside
stay v. [ste ] stay for a week / stay at home / stay with
whole adj. [h l] a whole week / the whole day / the whole class
enjoy v. [ n d ] enjoy oneself / enjoy doing / enjoy the trip
ourselves pron. [ a selvz] enjoy ourselves / by ourselves / teach ourselves
Sentence 40 ｜ 语法主题：方位介词+固定名胜短语
标准例句
My hometown is a small city in the south of China. It has a long history and many famous places of interest.
中文翻译
我的家乡是中国南部的一座小城。它有悠久的历史和许多著名景点。
语法笔记
方位介词in：内部南部；区分to（外部不接壤）、on（接壤）。
places of interest 固定短语：名胜古迹。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
hometown n. [ h mta n] my hometown / in one's hometown
city n. [ s ti] small city / capital city / city center
south n. [sa θ] in the south / south of / the South
long adj. [l ] long history / long time / long river
history n. [ h stri] long history / history book / in history
famous adj. [ fe m s] famous places / famous people / be famous for
place n. [ple s] places of interest / a beautiful place / take place
interest n. [ ntr st] places of interest / be interested in / show interest

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