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中考英语基础核心句 100 句·语法 + 词汇精讲
第二阶：发展句（S41-S70）
Sentence 41 一般将来时（will表预测）
例句
The headmaster says that the new laboratory will be open to students next Monday.
校长说新实验室将于下周一对学生开放。
语法笔记
will be open 一般将来时，表客观将来预测；will无人称/数变化，后接动词原形。
says that... 宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序；主句一般现在时，从句时态依句意灵活变化。
固定搭配 be open to 对……开放，open此处为形容词，侧重状态。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
headmaster n. [ hed mɑ st (r)] —
laboratory n. [l b r tri] chemistry laboratory / physics laboratory
open adj./v. [ p n] be open to / open the door / open up
Sentence 42 一般将来时（be going to表计划）
例句
The class is going to organize a charity sale next Friday to raise money for the children in poor areas.
班级计划下周五组织一次义卖活动，为贫困地区的儿童筹款。
语法笔记
is going to organize 一般将来时，表已确定的近期计划；区分will（临时决定/客观预测）。
to raise money for... 不定式短语作目的状语，放句尾说明行为目的。
raise money for 为……筹款，raise为及物动词，直接接宾语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
organize v. [ ɡ na z] organize an activity / organize a meeting
charity n. [ t r ti] charity sale / charity event / donate to charity
sale n. [se l] charity sale / yard sale / on sale
raise v. [re z] raise money / raise one's hand / raise a question
poor adj. [p (r)] poor areas / poor family / the poor
Sentence 43 一般将来时（will与be going to辨析）
例句
If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go on a school trip to the farm, and our biology teacher is going to give us a lesson there.
如果明天天气好，我们将去农场进行学校旅行，生物老师打算在那里给我们上一节课。
语法笔记
If 引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现：从句一般现在时表将来。
will go 表条件达成后的自然结果；is going to give 表提前安排好的计划，是二者核心区分。
固定搭配：go on a trip 去旅行；give sb. a lesson 给某人上课（双宾语结构）。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
weather n. [ we (r)] weather forecast / in fine weather
fine adj. [fa n] fine weather / fine day / feel fine
farm n. [fɑ m] on the farm / farm work / farmer
trip n. [tr p] school trip / go on a trip / field trip
biology n. [ba l d i] biology teacher / biology lesson
Sentence 44 不定式作宾语（decide/want）
例句
My elder sister has decided to take a gap year after graduation, but my parents want her to go to college immediately.
我姐姐已经决定毕业后间隔一年再继续学业，但我父母想让她直接上大学。
语法笔记
has decided to take 现在完成时+不定式作宾语；高频固定搭配：decide/want/plan/hope to do sth.
want her to go 复合宾语结构：want + 宾语 + to do（宾补）；同类动词：ask, tell, allow。
take a gap year 间隔年；after graduation 介词短语作时间状语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
elder adj. [ eld (r)] elder sister / elder brother
decide v. [d sa d] decide to do / decide on / make a decision
graduation n. [ ɡr d u e n] after graduation / graduation ceremony
college n. [ k l d ] go to college / college student / medical college
immediately adv. [ mi di tli] —
Sentence 45 不定式作目的状语
例句
She got up at five this morning to review her notes before the final exam.
今天早上她五点就起床了，为的是在期末考试前复习笔记。
语法笔记
to review her notes 不定式作目的状语，可放句首（加逗号分隔）或句尾。
got up 一般过去时，描述已发生动作；at five 具体时刻时间状语。
固定搭配 review one's notes 复习笔记；before the final exam 时间介词短语后置。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
review v. [r vju ] review notes / review lessons / review for exam
notes n. [n ts] take notes / review notes / make notes
final adj. [ fa nl] final exam / final decision / final term
exam n. [ ɡ z m] final exam / take an exam / pass the exam
Sentence 46 形容词比较级（than）
例句
The new stadium is much larger than the old one, so it can hold more audience.
新体育馆比旧的大得多，因此能容纳更多的观众。
语法笔记
much larger than 比较级；much/a lot/even/far/a little 可修饰比较级，强化程度。
替代词 one 指代单数可数名词 stadium，避免重复；复数用 ones。
hold 此处表“容纳、承载”，及物动词，后接容量类名词。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
stadium n. [ ste di m] new stadium / sports stadium / football stadium
larger adj. [ lɑ d (r)] much larger / larger than / enlarge
hold v. [h ld] hold an event / hold on / hold out
audience n. [ di ns] large audience / live audience / audience member
Sentence 47 形容词比较级（as...as）
例句
The swimming pool in our town is not as deep as the one in the city centre, but it is cleaner.
我们镇的游泳池没有市中心那个深，但更干净。
语法笔记
同级比较：肯定 as + 原级 + as；否定 not as/so + 原级 + as，表“不如……”。
the one 特指单数泳池；比较结构中替代名词：单数不可数用that、复数用those。
cleaner 为clean比较级，but连接并列分句表转折。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
swimming n. [ sw m ] swimming pool / go swimming / swimming lesson
pool n. [pu l] swimming pool / pool party / pool of water
deep adj. [di p] deep water / deep river / deep breath
centre n. [ sent (r)] city centre / shopping centre / at the centre of
cleaner adj. [ kli n (r)] much cleaner / clean the room / clean air
Sentence 48 形容词最高级（of/in范围）
例句
Of all the subjects, physics is the most difficult for me, but I find it the most interesting as well.
在所有科目中，物理对我来说是最难的，但我也觉得它最有趣。
语法笔记
最高级范围标志：of + 复数个体名词；in + 地点/整体单数名词。
多音节形容词最高级：the most + 形容词，必须加定冠词the。
find it + 形容词 宾语补足语结构；as well 放肯定句句尾，表“也”。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
physics n. [ f z ks] —
difficult adj. [ d f k lt] difficult for / difficult to do / have difficulty in
interesting adj. [ ntr st ] find interesting / interesting to read / interesting place
as well 短语 — 肯定句句尾，表“也”
Sentence 49 比较级与最高级综合运用
例句
The weather in the south is wetter than that in the north, but the north has the coldest winter in our country.
南方的天气比北方潮湿，但我国最冷的冬天在北方。
语法笔记
wetter 是wet比较级；that 替代不可数名词weather，避免重复。
the coldest 形容词最高级，范围 in our country。
方位名词：the south / the north，加定冠词，指代区域。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
wet adj. [wet] wet weather / wet ground / get wet
north n. [n θ] in the north / north of / North China
south n. [sa θ] in the south / south of / South Africa
coldest adj. [ k ld st] the coldest winter / coldest day
Sentence 50 动名词作主语
例句
Reading English aloud every morning is an effective way to improve your pronunciation.
每天早晨大声朗读英语是提高发音的有效方法。
语法笔记
动名词短语作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式is。
aloud 副词修饰动名词reading；every morning 习惯性时间状语。
way to do sth. 不定式后置定语，表“做某事的方法”，区分way of doing。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
aloud adv. [ la d] read aloud / speak aloud / laugh aloud
effective adj. [ fekt v] effective way / effective method / take effective measures
improve v. [ m pru v] improve English / improve skills / improve health
pronunciation n. [pr n nsi e n] improve pronunciation / correct pronunciation / standard pronunciation
Sentence 51 动名词作宾语（enjoy/finish/practice）
例句
Have you finished writing your book report I haven't, but I enjoy reading novels so I will finish it soon.
你写完读书报告了吗？还没有，但我喜欢读小说，所以很快会写完。
语法笔记
现在完成时一般疑问句；finish/enjoy/practice/mind/avoid/suggest 后只接动名词作宾语。
so 并列连词，表因果；soon 时间副词表“很快”。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
finish v. [ f n ] finish doing / finish work / finish school
book report n. — —
enjoy v. [ n d ] enjoy doing / enjoy oneself / enjoy the trip
novel n. [ n vl] read novels / detective novel / romantic novel
soon adv. [su n] finish soon / as soon as / soon after
Sentence 52 条件状语从句（if + 主将从现）
例句
If you join the school English club, you will have more chances to practice speaking with native teachers.
如果你加入学校英语俱乐部，你将有更多机会和母语教师练习口语。
语法笔记
If引导条件状语从句，主将从现；从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时。
chances to practice 不定式后置定语修饰chance；practice doing 固定搭配。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
join v. [d n] join a club / join the army / join in
club n. [kl b] English club / chess club / join a club
chance n. [t ɑ ns] have a chance / a chance to do / take the chance
practice v. [ pr kt s] practice doing / practice English / practice makes perfect
native adj. [ ne t v] native teacher / native speaker / native language
Sentence 53 条件状语从句（if + 祈使句表建议）
例句
If you feel nervous before the speech, take a deep breath and believe in yourself.
如果你在演讲前感到紧张，深呼吸一下，相信你自己。
语法笔记
If从句+主句祈使句结构，用于给出建议。
feel/look/sound/taste/smell 感官系动词，后接形容词作表语。
believe in sb. 信任某人（内在品质）；believe sb. 相信某人说的话。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
nervous adj. [ n v s] feel nervous / get nervous / nervous before exam
speech n. [spi t ] give a speech / make a speech / public speech
deep adj. [di p] take a deep breath / deep water / deep in thought
breath n. [breθ] take a breath / hold one's breath / out of breath
believe v. [b li v] believe in / believe that / believe sb.
Sentence 54 过去进行时（when引导）
例句
My father was driving home when the traffic accident happened on the highway yesterday.
昨天在高速公路上发生交通事故时，我父亲正开车回家。
语法笔记
时态搭配规则：主句过去进行时（持续背景动作），when从句一般过去时（突发短暂动作）。
home是副词，drive home 不加介词to；happen不及物动词，无被动语态。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
drive v. [dra v] drive home / drive a car / driving license
traffic n. [ tr f k] traffic accident / traffic jam / traffic lights
accident n. [ ks d nt] traffic accident / by accident / accident report
happen v. [ h p n] happen to do / happen in / as it happens
highway n. [ ha we ] on the highway / highway traffic / highway accident
Sentence 55 过去进行时与一般过去时对比
例句
While the teacher was explaining the math problem, several students raised their hands to ask questions.
老师在讲解那道数学题的时候，几名学生举手提问。
语法笔记
while 常搭配进行时态，强调动作持续过程中发生另一短暂动作；when 可接短暂/延续动作。
math 名词作定语修饰problem；several 修饰可数名词复数。
to ask questions 不定式作目的状语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
explain v. [ k sple n] explain a problem / explain to / explain clearly
math n. [m θ] math problem / math teacher / math test
problem n. [ pr bl m] math problem / solve a problem / social problem
several adj. [ sevr l] several students / several times / several years
raise v. [re z] raise one's hand / raise money / raise a question
Sentence 56 让步状语从句（although）
例句
Although the task was quite difficult, all the group members finished it before the deadline.
尽管任务相当困难，所有小组成员还是在截止日期前完成了。
语法笔记
although 引导让步状语从句，不可与but连用，二选一。
quite 程度副词修饰形容词difficult；all + 复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
before the deadline 介词短语作时间状语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
although conj. [ l ] —
task n. [tɑ sk] difficult task / finish the task / daily task
quite adv. [kwa t] quite difficult / quite good / quite a lot
group n. [ɡru p] group member / group work / in groups
member n. [ memb (r)] group member / family member / team member
deadline n. [ dedla n] before the deadline / meet the deadline / miss the deadline
Sentence 57 宾语从句（that引导）
例句
Many students think that reading classic works is boring, but our teacher believes it helps develop our thinking ability.
许多学生认为阅读经典作品很无聊，但我们的老师认为这有助于培养我们的思维能力。
语法笔记
think / believe 后that引导宾语从句，that不作成分，可省略。
动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数；help 后接不带to的不定式作宾补（help (to) do）。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
classic adj./n. [ kl s k] classic works / classic literature / classic novel
boring adj. [ b r ] —
develop v. [d vel p] develop thinking / develop skills / develop a habit
thinking n. [ θ k ] thinking ability / independent thinking / critical thinking
ability n. [ b l ti] thinking ability / learning ability / reading ability
Sentence 58 宾语从句（连接副词where）
例句
Could you please tell me where I can find the reference books for the research project
你能告诉我在哪里可以找到研究项目的参考书籍吗？
语法笔记
Could you please… 委婉请求句式，could仅表礼貌，回答统一用can。
特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，必须使用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语。
reference / research 名词作定语修饰名词。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
find v. [fa nd] find books / find out / find + that从句
reference n. [ refr ns] reference book / reference to / for reference
research n./v. [r s t ] research project / do research / research into
project n. [ pr d ekt] research project / school project / group project
Sentence 59 现在完成时（经验+already/ever）
例句
Have you ever been to the ancient town near our city I have already been there twice and I want to go again.
你曾经去过我们城市附近的古镇吗？我已经去过两次了，还想再去。
语法笔记
have ever been to + 地点：去过某地（现已返回）；have gone to 去了某地（未归）。
ever 多用于疑问句；already 多用于肯定句，表“已经”。
twice 频度副词表次数；want to do 不定式作宾语。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
ever adv. [ ev (r)] ever been to / ever seen / ever heard
ancient adj. [ e n nt] ancient town / ancient history / ancient culture
town n. [ta n] ancient town / hometown / town centre
twice adv. [twa s] once / twice / three times
again adv. [ ɡen] go again / do again / again and again
Sentence 60 现在完成时（结果+just/already）
例句
I have just finished my science homework, so I am ready to go out and play basketball with my friends now.
我刚刚完成科学作业，所以我现在准备好出去和朋友们打篮球了。
语法笔记
have just done 现在完成时，强调动作刚完成，对现在产生直接影响。
be ready to do 固定搭配；and 并列两个不定式go out、play basketball。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
just adv. [d st] just finished / just now / just like
science n. [ sa ns] science homework / science class / science museum
ready adj. [ redi] be ready to / get ready for / ready or not
go out 短语 — go out for a walk / go out to play
basketball n. [ bɑ sk tb l] play basketball / basketball player / basketball court
Sentence 61 现在完成时（持续性+for/since）
例句
My grandpa has lived in this small village for over forty years, so he knows every corner of it.
我爷爷在这个小村庄已经住了四十多年了，所以他熟悉这里的每一个角落。
语法笔记
现在完成时表持续状态：for + 时间段 / since + 时间点/从句。
so 表因果；every 修饰单数可数名词。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
grandpa n. [ ɡr npɑ ] —
live v. [l v] live in / live with / live on
village n. [ v l d ] small village / home village / village life
over prep. [ v (r)] over forty / over there / all over
corner n. [ k n (r)] every corner / corner of / at the corner
Sentence 62 现在完成时与一般过去时辨析
例句
I have known my pen pal for two years, but I met him for the first time only last month.
我认识我笔友已经两年了，但第一次见面是上个月的事。
语法笔记
have known：现在完成时，持续状态（延续性动词know）。
met / last month：一般过去时，搭配明确过去时间点，仅描述过去动作，与现在无关。
for the first time 固定短语，第一次。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
know v. [n ] know sb. / know about / know well
pen pal n. — —
first num. [f st] for the first time / first of all / at first
last adj. [lɑ st] last month / last year / at last
Sentence 63 综合时态（旅行经历回顾）
例句
Last summer, I went to a seaside city with my parents. We stayed there for five days and visited many local museums.
去年夏天，我和父母去了一个海滨城市。我们在那里待了五天，参观了许多当地博物馆。
语法笔记
一系列连续过去动作，统一使用一般过去时（went/stayed/visited），时态保持一致。
with 介词短语作伴随状语；seaside名词作定语修饰city。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
seaside n. [ si sa d] seaside city / at the seaside / go to the seaside
local adj. [ l kl] local museum / local food / local people
museum n. [mju zi m] history museum / art museum / visit the museum
Sentence 64 综合时态（学习经历与现状）
例句
I have learned English for six years, and I am still working hard to improve my writing skills.
我已经学了六年英语，并且仍在努力提高我的写作技能。
语法笔记
have learned：现在完成时，持续六年的学习经历。
am working：现在进行时，表现阶段持续的行为；still 副词修饰动词。
writing 动名词作定语修饰skills；不定式表目的。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
learn v. [l n] learn English / learn from / learn to do
work hard 短语 — work hard at / work hard to do / hard work
improve v. [ m pru v] improve skills / improve life / improve situation
writing n. [ ra t ] writing skills / writing habit / creative writing
skill n. [sk l] writing skills / reading skills / life skills
Sentence 65 综合时态（生活习惯的养成）
例句
To stay healthy, my mother runs for thirty minutes every morning, and she has kept this habit for five years.
为了保持健康，我妈妈每天早上跑步三十分钟，这个习惯她已经保持了五年。
语法笔记
To stay healthy 不定式放句首作目的状语；stay 系动词+形容词。
runs 一般现在时三单，描述日常习惯；every morning 频度状语。
has kept 现在完成时，延续性动词keep搭配for时间段。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
stay v. [ste ] stay healthy / stay at home / stay with
run v. [r n] run for / go running / runner
keep v. [ki p] keep a habit / keep doing / keep quiet
habit n. [ h b t] keep a habit / develop a habit / daily habit
Sentence 66 综合时态（传统文化的当代价值）
例句
The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China, and families usually gather together to have a reunion dinner.
春节是中国最重要的节日，家人们通常聚在一起吃团圆饭。
语法笔记
the most important 形容词最高级，范围in China；专有节日名词加the。
gather together 固定搭配；不定式表聚餐的目的。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
Spring Festival n. — celebrate Spring Festival / during Spring Festival
important adj. [ m p tnt] most important / important to / important for
gather v. [ ɡ (r)] gather together / gather around / gather information
reunion n. [ri ju ni n] reunion dinner / family reunion / class reunion
dinner n. [ d n (r)] reunion dinner / have dinner / cook dinner
Sentence 67 综合时态（日常环保行为）
例句
We should avoid using plastic bags when we go shopping, and we had better take our own cloth bags.
购物时应避免使用塑料袋，最好自带布袋。
语法笔记
should 情态动词+动词原形；avoid doing 固定搭配。
when 时间状语从句，一般现在时表经常性动作。
had better + 动词原形（无人称变化），否定：had better not do。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
avoid v. [ v d] avoid doing / avoid mistakes / avoid pollution
plastic adj./n. [ pl st k] plastic bag / plastic cup / plastic waste
bag n. [b ɡ] plastic bag / school bag / shopping bag
go shopping 短语 — —
cloth n. [kl θ] cloth bag / cloth material
Sentence 68 综合时态（科技工具的使用）
例句
Most students use smartphones in their daily life, but the teacher suggests they should not spend too much time on them.
大多数学生在日常生活中使用智能手机，但老师建议他们不应该花太多时间在这些设备上。
语法笔记
use 一般现在时复数谓语，描述普遍现状。
suggest 后宾语从句虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形，should可省略。
spend 固定搭配：spend time on sth. / spend time (in) doing sth.
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
most adj. [m st] most students / most of / mostly
smartphone n. [ smɑ tf n] —
daily adj. [ de li] daily life / daily newspaper / daily routine
suggest v. [s d est] suggest doing / suggest that / suggestion
spend v. [spend] spend time on / spend money on / spend time doing
Sentence 69 综合时态（人际交往中的情感支持）
例句
Whenever I feel down, my best friend always encourages me and offers some practical advice.
每当我情绪低落时，我最好的朋友总是鼓励我并给出一些实用的建议。
语法笔记
whenever 引导时间让步状语从句，等同于every time when；down形容词作表语。
encourages、offers 并列三单谓语，形式统一。
offer sb. sth. 双宾语结构；advice 不可数名词，不能加s。
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
whenever conj. [wen ev (r)] —
down adj. [da n] feel down / ups and downs
encourage v. [ n k r d ] encourage sb. to do / feel encouraged
offer v. [ f (r)] offer advice / offer help / offer sb. sth.
practical adj. [ pr kt kl] practical advice / practical skills / practical use
advice n. [ d va s] some advice / a piece of advice / take advice
Sentence 70 阶段综合复习（成长与反思）
例句
Looking back at my middle school life, I have not only improved my English but also learned how to get along well with others.
回顾我的中学生活，我不仅提升了英语水平，还学会了如何与人融洽相处。
语法笔记
现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语必须和主句主语I保持一致。
not only…but also… 连接并列现在分词，时态统一。
how to do 特殊疑问词+不定式作宾语；固定搭配 get along well with sb.
核心词表
单词 词性 音标 核心搭配
look back 短语 — look back at / look back on
middle school n. — in middle school / middle school life
improve v. [ m pru v] improve English / improve skills
get along 短语 — get along well with / get on with
others pron. [ z] help others / care about others

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