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Unit 6 When disaster strikes
（Understanding ideas）
一、单词拼写
根据课文首字母提示写出单词，使用正确形式。
1. The earth began to s______ hard that night before the volcano erupted.
2. A very dark c______ covered Mount Vesuvius and spread over the whole land.
3. The thick smoke and ash s______ all over the town and turned day into night.
4. Many people c______ and s______ in the dark, trying to find their missing families.
5. Pliny and his mother felt s______ and full of f______ during the terrible eruption.
6. After the disaster, everything was c______ in grey volcanic ash like winter snow.
7. People stayed between h______ and fear all through the long scary night.
8. The whole town near Pompeii was almost destroyed by the v______ eruption.
9. The road was c______ with people escaping from the shaking buildings.
10. Shocking natural events t______ bright daylight into complete darkness.
二、单项选择
1. I ______ a deep sleep when my mum rushed into my room to wake me up.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. sleep D. am sleeping
2. The ground shook hard ______ they decided to leave the dangerous town.
A. so B. because C. but D. though
3. The road was crowded ______ people running away from the earthquake.
A. of B. with C. for D. at
4. Our coach could not move straight ahead ______ shocking things kept happening.
A. while B. if C. since D. until
5. The dark cloud spread over the land ______ a huge flood in the dark.
A. as B. like C. for D. with
6. The air was thick ______ smoke and heavy ash fell from the sky.
A. in B. at C. with D. of
7. Women were calling out, children were crying ______ men were shouting in the dark.
A. when B. while C. since D. after
8. All things were covered ______ ash after the volcanic eruption ended.
A. with B. by C. in D. on
9. We lived between hope ______ fear for the whole terrible night.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
10. Pliny refused to leave his mother ______ he loved her deeply.
A. so B. because C. though D. until
11. The sea moved back suddenly, ______ lots of sea animals on the sand.
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. leaves
12. People tried their best ______ their family members in the black smoke.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. found
13. The cloud moved down and covered the sea ______ they were moving forward.
A. while B. before C. after D. as soon as
14. By six o’clock the next morning, many buildings ______ still shaking.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
15. Pliny had no thoughts of things ______ come after the disaster passed.
A. to B. for C. of D. with
三、完成句子
每空一词，根据中文提示完成句子。
1. 那天夜里我正在睡觉，地面剧烈晃动。
That night, I ______ ______ when the ground shook very hard.
2. 乌云覆盖维苏威火山，像洪水一样蔓延整片大地。
A dark cloud covered Mount Vesuvius and ______ ______ the land like a flood.
3. 空气中浓烟密布，火山灰大量落下，白昼变成黑夜。
The air was thick with smoke, ash fell heavily and ______ day ______ night.
4. 黑暗中女人呼喊，孩童哭泣，男人大喊，所有人都在寻找家人。
In the dark, women called, children cried and men shouted, all trying to ______ ______ their families.
5. 在充满希望与恐惧的一夜过后，他们无暇顾及未来会发生什么。
After a night living between ______ and ______, they had no thoughts of things to come.
四、完形填空
Pliny the Younger recorded the terrible eruption of Mount Vesuvius in his famous letter. At that time, he and his mother 1.______ in a small town near Pompeii.
For several days, the earth kept shaking lightly. One night, Pliny 2.______ sound asleep when the ground shook violently. His mum rushed in and woke him up. She was too scared to close her eyes, so they stayed outside all night.
Early the next morning, buildings still shook non-stop, so they made a 3.______ to escape the town. The road was full of frightened people. While they were moving out of town, strange shocking things happened: the sea drew back suddenly and left sea creatures on the beach.
Then they saw a huge dark cloud hanging over Mount Vesuvius. It slowly dropped and covered the sea. Pliny’s mum asked him to run ahead without her, 4.______ he refused. They kept walking as the cloud 5.______ across the land just like a big flood. Smoke filled the air and grey ash poured down. It turned bright day into total blackness.
All around them, people were in panic. Ladies called out loudly, little kids cried, and men 6.______ for their lost relatives. Everyone searched for their loved ones in the heavy smoke.
Luckily, daylight returned after hours. Every house, road and tree 7.______ covered in thick ash, just like snow in winter. They spent the whole night between hope and fear. After such a terrible experience, Pliny could not think about what trouble might 8.______ later.
This record tells us how powerful natural disasters can be. Volcanic eruptions are frightening, but people’s love for their family can keep them brave 9.______ danger. We can learn from Pliny’s story to stay calm and look after our family when a disaster 10.______.
1. A. stay B. stayed C. are staying D. were staying
2. A. is B. was C. are D. were
3. A. decision B. rule C. plan D. promise
4. A. and B. so C. but D. or
5. A. spread B. spreads C. spreading D. spreaded
6. A. shout B. shouted C. shouts D. shouting
7. A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
9. A. in front of B. in time of C. because of D. out of
10. A. strike B. strikes C. striking D. struck
五、阅读理解
Passage 1
A lost city
This text is a true written record by Pliny the Younger about the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. At that time, Pliny and his mother lived in a small town close to Pompeii.
Days before the big eruption, small earth shakes could be felt everywhere. One night, violent shaking woke Pliny from his sleep. His mother was extremely frightened, and they spent the whole night outdoors to stay safe.
The next dawn, buildings still kept shaking, so they decided to flee the town. On their way out, they saw unbelievable strange sights: the sea moved far back, and many sea animals were left on the sand. Soon a huge dark cloud appeared above Mount Vesuvius.
The dark cloud slowly spread over land and sea. Thick smoke filled the air, and volcanic ash fell down continuously. Day turned into dark night. All local people fell into panic: women called, children cried, men shouted, and everybody tried to find their missing family members in the smoke.
Pliny’s mother wanted him to run forward and save himself alone, but he would not leave her. They kept moving together through the disaster. After hours, sunlight finally came back. Everything was covered with ash, looking like a grey snowy world.
The pair survived the terrible eruption, but Pliny wrote that they felt both hopeful and fearful through the whole night of disaster. Later, Pompeii was buried under ash and became a famous lost ancient city.
1. Who wrote the text A lost city
A. Pliny the Younger B. Mount Vesuvius
C. A Pompeii local D. A modern scientist
2. What happened before the volcanic eruption
A. Heavy snow covered all buildings
B. The earth shook for many days
C. All townspeople left Pompeii early
D. The sea rose high and flooded roads
3. Why did Pliny refuse to go ahead without his mother
A. He wanted to watch the volcano clearly
B. He loved his mother and would not abandon her
C. He was too scared to walk alone in the dark
D. He needed his mum to show the safe way
4. What changed the bright day into dark night
A. Heavy rain and strong wind
B. A big black smoke cloud and falling ash
C. Thick dark clouds from a big storm
D. Crowds of people blocking all roads
5. What can we know about Pompeii after the eruption
A. It was rebuilt quickly by survivors
B. It was buried under volcanic ash and became a lost city
C. No buildings were damaged in the disaster
D. All people stayed and lived there as usual
Passage 2
Past continuous tense is the key grammar point in this unit. We use this tense to describe an ongoing action when another sudden short action breaks in. Two common sentence structures appear in Pliny’s record:
1. sb. was/were doing sth. when sth. happened
Example: I was sleeping when the ground shook hard.
2. While sb. was/were doing sth., sth. happened / another action went on
Example: We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land.
Natural disaster stories often use past continuous tense, because they need to show the background long action before sudden disaster strikes. The long background action uses past continuous; the sudden breaking event uses simple past tense.
In Pliny’s story, many background actions show people’s daily life before the volcano hit: sleeping, walking on roads, moving out of town. The sudden shaking, sea moving back and ash falling are short sudden events that interrupt the long actions.
Learning this grammar helps us tell complete disaster stories clearly. Besides grammar, we also learn words about volcanoes, earthquakes and people’s feelings during disasters: shake, spread, dark cloud, smoke, ash, shocked, fear, hope, cry, shout etc. These words help us describe scenes and people’s reactions in natural disasters.
6. What grammar is the main focus of this reading passage
A. Simple past tense B. Past continuous tense
C. Present perfect tense D. Future continuous tense
7. Which sentence follows the structure “was doing ... when ...”
A. While we walked, the ash fell down.
B. The cloud spread while we moved on.
C. I was sleeping when the ground shook hard.
D. Ash covered everything after daylight returned.
8. What tense do we use for the sudden short breaking action
A. Past continuous B. Simple past
C. Present simple D. Past perfect
9. What is the past continuous tense used to show in disaster stories
A. Short sudden disaster events
B. Long ongoing background actions before sudden danger
C. Things that will happen after disasters
D. People’s plans before disasters arrive
10. Which word is NOT used to describe the volcanic scene in the text
A. smoke B. ash C. cloud D. flood water
参考答案与详细解析
一、单词拼写
1. shake
解析：begin to shake 开始晃动，原形。
2. cloud
解析：dark cloud 乌云，火山灰云。
3. spread
解析：spread 过去式不变，蔓延扩散。
4. cried; shouted
解析：全文过去时态，哭喊、大喊。
5. shocked; fear
解析：shocked 震惊的；fear 恐惧，名词。
6. covered
解析：be covered in ash 被火山灰覆盖，被动。
7. hope
解析：between hope and fear 在希望与恐惧之间。
8. volcanic
解析：volcanic eruption 火山喷发，形容词修饰eruption。
9. crowded
解析：be crowded with 挤满人群。
10. turned
解析：turn into 变成，过去式turned。
二、单项选择
1.B 解析：过去进行时，when打断长动作，当时正在睡觉。
2.A 解析：地面剧烈晃动，所以决定离开，so表结果。
3.B 解析：be crowded with 挤满……固定搭配。
4.C 解析：since 因为，怪事接连发生导致马车难以前行。
5.B 解析：like a flood 像洪水一样，介词like。
6.C 解析：be thick with smoke 浓烟密布固定搭配。
7.B 解析：while 引导并列进行动作，一边哭喊一边大喊。
8.A 解析：be covered with ash 覆盖着火山灰。
9.B 解析：between A and B 在两者之间固定搭配。
10.B 解析：because 表原因，深爱母亲所以不愿丢下她。
11.C 解析：现在分词作伴随状语，海水退去留下海洋生物。
12.B 解析：try one’s best to do 尽力做某事。
13.A 解析：while 正当他们前行时，乌云漫过海面。
14.B 解析：buildings复数，过去进行时were shaking。
15.A 解析：things to come 即将到来的事，不定式后置。
三、完成句子
1. was sleeping
解析：过去进行时，when突发晃动打断睡眠。
2. spread over
解析：spread over the land 蔓延整片大地。
3. turned; into
解析：turn day into night 白昼化作黑夜，过去式。
4. look for
解析：try to do 尽力寻找家人。
5. hope; fear
解析：between hope and fear 课文原短语。
四、完形填空
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.B
解析：
1.D 当时两人正居住在小镇，过去进行时复数were staying。
2.B 主语I单数，was sound asleep 熟睡。
3.A make a decision 做决定逃离小镇。
4.C but转折，母亲让他先走，但他拒绝。
5.A spread 过去式不变，乌云蔓延大地。
6.B 全文过去时态shouted 大喊。
7.D everything复数，were covered 全部被灰覆盖。
8.A might come 可能到来，情态动词后原形。
9.B in time of danger 在危险时刻。
10.B 一般现在时，disaster单数strikes。
五、阅读理解
Passage 1
1.A 原文标题下方标注 Pliny the Younger 是作者。
2.B 原文The earth shook these days 灾害前连续多日地面震动。
3.B He refused to leave her behind 深爱母亲不愿丢下她独自逃生。
4.B 巨大黑色烟云与落下的火山灰遮蔽日光，使白昼如黑夜。
5.B 文末 Pompeii was buried in ash and became a famous lost ancient city。
Passage 2
6.B 首段 Past continuous tense is the key grammar point。
7.C 匹配was doing ... when ... 结构。
8.B 突发短暂动作用一般过去时。
9.B 过去进行时描述灾难来临前持续进行的背景长动作。
10.D 文中cloud、smoke、ash均出现，未提及洪水flood water。
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Unit 6 When disaster strikes
（Understanding ideas）
一、单词拼写
根据课文首字母提示写出单词，使用正确形式。
1. The earth began to s______ hard that night before the volcano erupted.
2. A very dark c______ covered Mount Vesuvius and spread over the whole land.
3. The thick smoke and ash s______ all over the town and turned day into night.
4. Many people c______ and s______ in the dark, trying to find their missing families.
5. Pliny and his mother felt s______ and full of f______ during the terrible eruption.
6. After the disaster, everything was c______ in grey volcanic ash like winter snow.
7. People stayed between h______ and fear all through the long scary night.
8. The whole town near Pompeii was almost destroyed by the v______ eruption.
9. The road was c______ with people escaping from the shaking buildings.
10. Shocking natural events t______ bright daylight into complete darkness.
二、单项选择
1. I ______ a deep sleep when my mum rushed into my room to wake me up.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. sleep D. am sleeping
2. The ground shook hard ______ they decided to leave the dangerous town.
A. so B. because C. but D. though
3. The road was crowded ______ people running away from the earthquake.
A. of B. with C. for D. at
4. Our coach could not move straight ahead ______ shocking things kept happening.
A. while B. if C. since D. until
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5. The dark cloud spread over the land ______ a huge flood in the dark.
A. as B. like C. for D. with
6. The air was thick ______ smoke and heavy ash fell from the sky.
A. in B. at C. with D. of
7. Women were calling out, children were crying ______ men were shouting in the
dark.
A. when B. while C. since D. after
8. All things were covered ______ ash after the volcanic eruption ended.
A. with B. by C. in D. on
9. We lived between hope ______ fear for the whole terrible night.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
10. Pliny refused to leave his mother ______ he loved her deeply.
A. so B. because C. though D. until
11. The sea moved back suddenly, ______ lots of sea animals on the sand.
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. leaves
12. People tried their best ______ their family members in the black smoke.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. found
13. The cloud moved down and covered the sea ______ they were moving forward.
A. while B. before C. after D. as soon as
14. By six o’clock the next morning, many buildings ______ still shaking.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
15. Pliny had no thoughts of things ______ come after the disaster passed.
A. to B. for C. of D. with
三、完成句子
每空一词，根据中文提示完成句子。
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1.那天夜里我正在睡觉，地面剧烈晃动。
That night, I ______ ______ when the ground shook very hard.
2.乌云覆盖维苏威火山，像洪水一样蔓延整片大地。
A dark cloud covered Mount Vesuvius and ______ ______ the land like a flood.
3.空气中浓烟密布，火山灰大量落下，白昼变成黑夜。
The air was thick with smoke, ash fell heavily and ______ day ______ night.
4.黑暗中女人呼喊，孩童哭泣，男人大喊，所有人都在寻找家人。
In the dark, women called, children cried and men shouted, all trying to ______
______ their families.
5.在充满希望与恐惧的一夜过后，他们无暇顾及未来会发生什么。
After a night living between ______ and ______, they had no thoughts of things to
come.
四、完形填空
Pliny the Younger recorded the terrible eruption of Mount Vesuvius in his famous
letter. At that time, he and his mother 1.______ in a small town near Pompeii.
For several days, the earth kept shaking lightly. One night, Pliny 2.______ sound
asleep when the ground shook violently. His mum rushed in and woke him up. She
was too scared to close her eyes, so they stayed outside all night.
Early the next morning, buildings still shook non-stop, so they made a 3.______ to
escape the town. The road was full of frightened people. While they were moving out
of town, strange shocking things happened: the sea drew back suddenly and left sea
creatures on the beach.
Then they saw a huge dark cloud hanging over Mount Vesuvius. It slowly dropped
and covered the sea. Pliny’s mum asked him to run ahead without her, 4.______ he
refused. They kept walking as the cloud 5.______ across the land just like a big flood.
Smoke filled the air and grey ash poured down. It turned bright day into total
blackness.
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All around them, people were in panic. Ladies called out loudly, little kids cried, and
men 6.______ for their lost relatives. Everyone searched for their loved ones in the
heavy smoke.
Luckily, daylight returned after hours. Every house, road and tree 7.______ covered
in thick ash, just like snow in winter. They spent the whole night between hope and
fear. After such a terrible experience, Pliny could not think about what trouble might
8.______ later.
This record tells us how powerful natural disasters can be. Volcanic eruptions are
frightening, but people’s love for their family can keep them brave 9.______ danger.
We can learn from Pliny’s story to stay calm and look after our family when a disaster
10.______.
1. A. stay B. stayed C. are staying D. were staying
2. A. is B. was C. are D. were
3. A. decision B. rule C. plan D. promise
4. A. and B. so C. but D. or
5. A. spread B. spreads C. spreading D. spreaded
6. A. shout B. shouted C. shouts D. shouting
7. A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
9. A. in front of B. in time of C. because of D. out of
10. A. strike B. strikes C. striking D. struck
五、阅读理解
Passage 1
A lost city
This text is a true written record by Pliny the Younger about the volcanic eruption of
Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. At that time, Pliny and his mother lived in a small town
close to Pompeii.
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Days before the big eruption, small earth shakes could be felt everywhere. One night,
violent shaking woke Pliny from his sleep. His mother was extremely frightened, and
they spent the whole night outdoors to stay safe.
The next dawn, buildings still kept shaking, so they decided to flee the town. On their
way out, they saw unbelievable strange sights: the sea moved far back, and many sea
animals were left on the sand. Soon a huge dark cloud appeared above Mount
Vesuvius.
The dark cloud slowly spread over land and sea. Thick smoke filled the air, and
volcanic ash fell down continuously. Day turned into dark night. All local people fell
into panic: women called, children cried, men shouted, and everybody tried to find
their missing family members in the smoke.
Pliny’s mother wanted him to run forward and save himself alone, but he would not
leave her. They kept moving together through the disaster. After hours, sunlight
finally came back. Everything was covered with ash, looking like a grey snowy world.
The pair survived the terrible eruption, but Pliny wrote that they felt both hopeful and
fearful through the whole night of disaster. Later, Pompeii was buried under ash and
became a famous lost ancient city.
1. Who wrote the text A lost city
A. Pliny the Younger B. Mount Vesuvius
C. A Pompeii local D. A modern scientist
2. What happened before the volcanic eruption
A. Heavy snow covered all buildings
B. The earth shook for many days
C. All townspeople left Pompeii early
D. The sea rose high and flooded roads
3. Why did Pliny refuse to go ahead without his mother
A. He wanted to watch the volcano clearly
B. He loved his mother and would not abandon her
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C. He was too scared to walk alone in the dark
D. He needed his mum to show the safe way
4. What changed the bright day into dark night
A. Heavy rain and strong wind
B. A big black smoke cloud and falling ash
C. Thick dark clouds from a big storm
D. Crowds of people blocking all roads
5. What can we know about Pompeii after the eruption
A. It was rebuilt quickly by survivors
B. It was buried under volcanic ash and became a lost city
C. No buildings were damaged in the disaster
D. All people stayed and lived there as usual
Passage 2
Past continuous tense is the key grammar point in this unit. We use this tense to
describe an ongoing action when another sudden short action breaks in. Two common
sentence structures appear in Pliny’s record:
1. sb. was/were doing sth. when sth. happened
Example: I was sleeping when the ground shook hard.
2. While sb. was/were doing sth., sth. happened / another action went on
Example: We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land.
Natural disaster stories often use past continuous tense, because they need to show the
background long action before sudden disaster strikes. The long background action
uses past continuous; the sudden breaking event uses simple past tense.
In Pliny’s story, many background actions show people’s daily life before the volcano
hit: sleeping, walking on roads, moving out of town. The sudden shaking, sea moving
back and ash falling are short sudden events that interrupt the long actions.
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Learning this grammar helps us tell complete disaster stories clearly. Besides
grammar, we also learn words about volcanoes, earthquakes and people’s feelings
during disasters: shake, spread, dark cloud, smoke, ash, shocked, fear, hope, cry,
shout etc. These words help us describe scenes and people’s reactions in natural
disasters.
6. What grammar is the main focus of this reading passage
A. Simple past tense B. Past continuous tense
C. Present perfect tense D. Future continuous tense
7. Which sentence follows the structure “was doing ... when ...”
A. While we walked, the ash fell down.
B. The cloud spread while we moved on.
C. I was sleeping when the ground shook hard.
D. Ash covered everything after daylight returned.
8. What tense do we use for the sudden short breaking action
A. Past continuous B. Simple past
C. Present simple D. Past perfect
9. What is the past continuous tense used to show in disaster stories
A. Short sudden disaster events
B. Long ongoing background actions before sudden danger
C. Things that will happen after disasters
D. People’s plans before disasters arrive
10. Which word is NOT used to describe the volcanic scene in the text
A. smoke B. ash C. cloud D. flood water
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参考答案与详细解析
一、单词拼写
1. shake
解析：begin to shake开始晃动，原形。
2. cloud
解析：dark cloud乌云，火山灰云。
3. spread
解析：spread过去式不变，蔓延扩散。
4. cried; shouted
解析：全文过去时态，哭喊、大喊。
5. shocked; fear
解析：shocked震惊的；fear恐惧，名词。
6. covered
解析：be covered in ash被火山灰覆盖，被动。
7. hope
解析：between hope and fear在希望与恐惧之间。
8. volcanic
解析：volcanic eruption火山喷发，形容词修饰 eruption。
9. crowded
解析：be crowded with挤满人群。
10. turned
解析：turn into变成，过去式 turned。
二、单项选择
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1.B解析：过去进行时，when打断长动作，当时正在睡觉。
2.A解析：地面剧烈晃动，所以决定离开，so表结果。
3.B解析：be crowded with挤满……固定搭配。
4.C解析：since因为，怪事接连发生导致马车难以前行。
5.B解析：like a flood像洪水一样，介词 like。
6.C解析：be thick with smoke浓烟密布固定搭配。
7.B解析：while引导并列进行动作，一边哭喊一边大喊。
8.A解析：be covered with ash覆盖着火山灰。
9.B解析：between A and B在两者之间固定搭配。
10.B解析：because表原因，深爱母亲所以不愿丢下她。
11.C解析：现在分词作伴随状语，海水退去留下海洋生物。
12.B解析：try one’s best to do尽力做某事。
13.A解析：while正当他们前行时，乌云漫过海面。
14.B解析：buildings复数，过去进行时 were shaking。
15.A解析：things to come即将到来的事，不定式后置。
三、完成句子
1. was sleeping
解析：过去进行时，when突发晃动打断睡眠。
2. spread over
解析：spread over the land蔓延整片大地。
3. turned; into
解析：turn day into night白昼化作黑夜，过去式。
4. look for
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解析：try to do尽力寻找家人。
5. hope; fear
解析：between hope and fear课文原短语。
四、完形填空
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.B
解析：
1.D当时两人正居住在小镇，过去进行时复数 were staying。
2.B主语 I单数，was sound asleep熟睡。
3.A make a decision做决定逃离小镇。
4.C but转折，母亲让他先走，但他拒绝。
5.A spread过去式不变，乌云蔓延大地。
6.B全文过去时态 shouted大喊。
7.D everything复数，were covered全部被灰覆盖。
8.A might come可能到来，情态动词后原形。
9.B in time of danger在危险时刻。
10.B一般现在时，disaster单数 strikes。
五、阅读理解
Passage 1
1.A原文标题下方标注 Pliny the Younger是作者。
2.B原文 The earth shook these days 灾害前连续多日地面震动。
3.B He refused to leave her behind深爱母亲不愿丢下她独自逃生。
4.B巨大黑色烟云与落下的火山灰遮蔽日光，使白昼如黑夜。
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5.B文末 Pompeii was buried in ash and became a famous lost ancient city。
Passage 2
6.B首段 Past continuous tense is the key grammar point。
7.C匹配 was doing ... when ...结构。
8.B突发短暂动作用一般过去时。
9.B过去进行时描述灾难来临前持续进行的背景长动作。
10.D文中 cloud、smoke、ash均出现，未提及洪水 flood water。
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