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2026-2027 高一英语必修一 Unit 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
单元复习整理
一．单词默写
【阅读词汇】
1.tornado n. (pl.-oes or -os) 　　　　　
2.landslide n. (also landfall) 　　　　　
3.tsunami n. 　　　　　
4.volcanic eruption 　　　　　
5.magnitude n. 　　　　　
6.evacuate vt. 　　　　　　vi. 　　　　　　
7.helicopter n. 　　　　　
8.crack n. 　　　　　　vi. & vt. 　　　　　　
9.brick n. 　　　　　
10.metal n. 　　　　　
11.context n. 　　　　　
12.volcano n. (pl.-oes or -os) 　　　　　
13.typhoon n. 　　　　　
14.hurricane n. 　　　　　
15.kit n. 　　　　　
【写作词汇】
16.　　　　　　 n. 灾难;灾害
17.　　　　　　 n. 旱灾;久旱
18.　　　　　　 vi. & vt. (使)滑行;滑动
19.　　　　　　 n. 洪水;大量 vi. 淹没;大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水;淹没
20.　　　　　　 n.& vt.营救;救援
21.　　　　　　 vt. 损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失
22.　　　　　　 vt. 摧毁;毁灭
23.　　　　　　 n. 避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi. 躲避 (风雨或危险)
24.　　　　　　 n. 气体;燃气;汽油
25.　　　　　　 n.& vt. 破坏;毁坏
26.　　　　　　 n. 百分之…… adj.& adv. 每一百中
27.　　　　　　 vt. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 险境;陷阱
28.　　　　　　 vt. 埋葬;安葬
29.　　　　　　 n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
30.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 统一;(使)成一体
31.　　　　　　 n. 供应(量);补给; [pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应;供给
32.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
33.　　　　　　 n. 管子;管道
34.　　　　　　 vi. 吹口哨;发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声);呼啸声
35.　　　　　　 n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助;援助
36.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞
37.　　　　　　 vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 打扫;清扫
38.　　　　　　 n. 海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手
39.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打 n. 罢工;罢课;袭击
二．单元语法填空
　　Natural disasters do great damage to people’s life. Droughts affect agriculture and make farmers suffer. Typhoons and hurricanes cause countless 1.　　　　　(death) and terrible injuries. They even lead to floods and landslides, 2.　　　　　(destroy) villages and forests. If an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 strikes, a whole city may lie in ruins. When a volcano 3.　　　　　(erupt), large amounts of volcanic gas in the air can make it difficult for people 4.　　　　　(breathe). What’s 5.　　　　　(bad), volcanic eruptions may result in tsunamis that create huge waves, sweeping away cars and blowing down power lines.
We cannot stop natural disasters 6.　　　　happening, but we can take measures to reduce their effects. Take earthquakes for example; it is necessary to have a first aid kit 7.　　　　　 contains medical supplies at home beforehand in case of emergency. When the shaking starts, stay calm, evacuate your home immediately and stay in the open air. If you 8.　　　　　(bury) or trapped in ruins, try tapping on the pipes using a brick so that the rescue team can find you. You can also whistle for help if you have one on hand. At 9.　　　　　(long), stay in the shelter overnight because there may be aftershocks. Always remember: your 10.　　　　　(wise) and effort can help you survive natural disasters.
三．配套小练习
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate strength calculations for the predicted earthquakes.
The research team believes their method succeeded because they stuck with a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth.
This work is clearly a milestone in research on AI-driven earthquake prediction. “You don’t see earthquakes coming,” explains Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Programme (TexNet). “It’s a matter of milliseconds, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau TexNet has 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.
Eventually, the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models. This strategy could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director.
(　)1.How does the AI predict earthquakes
A.By identifying data from the satellites.
B.By analysing background sounds in the Earth.
C.By modeling data based on earthquake recordings.
D.By monitoring changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
(　)2.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in Paragraph 3
A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes.
B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes.
C.The significance of developing the AI prediction.
D.The limitations of AI algorithms in earthquake prediction.
(　)3.What does the follow-up research focus on
A.Conducting tests in different locations.
B.Applying the AI approach to other fields.
C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas.
D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy.
(　)4.Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology
A.Stable but outdated.
B.Effective but costly.
C.Potential and economical.
D.Advanced and promising.
B [2024·浙江1月考]
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
(　)5.What does the project aim to do
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
(　)6.Who are opposed to the project
A.Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B.Managers of insurance companies.
C.Provincial government officials.
D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
(　)7.Why does Dr Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D.To show the link between storms and moisture.
(　)8.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
●Ⅱ 阅读七选五
Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can move quickly. 1.　　　　 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types. 2.　　　 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water. River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive (过多的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee (防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3.　　　　 Living next to a river, dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk of flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4.　　　　 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur. Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months. For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood. A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5.　　　　 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high-risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A.The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B.Floods can be preventable and predictable.
C.Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D.And sometimes they come with little warning.
E.The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F.They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors.
G.Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
参考答案
一． 词句默写
Ⅰ 【阅读词汇】
1.龙卷风; 旋风　2.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌; 滑坡　3.海啸　4.火山喷发　5.震级; 重大　6.疏散; 撤出 撤离　7.直升机　8.裂纹; 裂缝 (使)破裂　9.砖; 砖块　10.金属
11.上下文; 语境; 背景　12.火山　13.台风　14.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风　15.成套工具; 成套设备
【写作词汇】
16.disaster　17.drought　18.slide　19.flood　20.rescue
21.damage　22.destroy　23.shelter　24.gas　25.ruin　26.percent　27.trap　28.bury　29.effort　30.unify
31.supply　32.tap　33.pipe　34.whistle　35.aid
36.crash　37.sweep　38.wave　39.strike
【拓展词汇】
40.death; dead; deadly　41.affection　42.shocking; shocked
43.electricity; electrical　44.breathe; breath; breathless; breathlessly　45.revive; revival　46.wisdom; unwise
47.suffer; suffering; sufferer　48.erupt; eruption
49.survive; survivor; survival　50.powerful; powerless
51.emergency; emergent　52.calm; calmly; calmness
53.deliver; delivery　54.summary　55.effect; effective　56.length; lengthen
二．单元语法填空
1.deaths　2.destroying　3.erupts　4.to breathe 5.worse　6.from　7.which/that　8.are buried　9.length 10.wisdom
三．配套小练习
ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可以给出较准确的地震预测及其工作原理以及意义。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The AI was provided with a set of statistical features…Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth.”可知,人工智能是通过分析地球的背景声音来进行地震预测的。故选B项。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This work is clearly a milestone in research on AI-driven earthquake prediction…‘…Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.’”可推知,Alexandros Savvaidis旨在说明开发人工智能预测的重要性。故选C项。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau TexNet has 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.”可知,后续研究的关注点是在不同地点进行测试。故选A项。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This work is clearly a milestone in research on AI-driven earthquake prediction.” 以及“Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”可知,人工智能在地震预测方面的应用是一个里程碑式的研究成果。该技术可以帮助减少经济和人力损失,并有望显著改善全球地震预防工作。由此推知,该地震预测技术很先进且前景很好。故选D项。
B
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大阿尔伯塔省防雹干预项目,以及不同利益相关方对该项目所持的不同态度。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知,这个项目的目标是防止冰雹形成。故选B项。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知,阿尔伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
7.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell…‘In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,’ Dr Doswell says. ‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.’”可推知,多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了暗示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr Stienwand suggests, ‘It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.’ In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可推知,人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害,包括其特点、定义、类型、起因、汛期以及预测和预防手段。
1.D　前文“Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can move quickly.”提到造成洪水的原因有多种,且洪水的速度很快,后文“It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.”提到保护家人和财产的安全的重要性,建议做好充分的准备。D项 (有时,它们来得毫无征兆。)符合语境,指出洪水可能很突然地发生,承接前文,佐证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。
2.C　前文“A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types.”提到洪水的定义,以及它有两种类型,后文“The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water.”具体描述第一种类型的洪水,因此C项 (暴洪在干旱地区更为常见。)符合语境,介绍第一种类型的洪水,承接前文,且引出后文具体的描述,其中的dry areas和后文的these areas呼应。故选C。
3.F　前文“A flood can be caused by many things.”提到洪水的起因很多,因此F项 (它们包括恶劣的天气、地势和其他人为因素。)符合语境,具体介绍这些因素,承接前文,其中的they指代前文的many things。故选F。
4.G　前文“There is no specific flood season.”提到洪水的特定时间,因此G项 (一般来说,从春天到秋天这段时间被认为是洪水的高风险时期。)符合语境,指出宽泛的洪水的高风险时期,承接前文。故选G。
5.B　空处位于段首,是段落主旨句,需统领段落内容。后文“Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high-risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.”主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水,因此B项 (洪水是可以预防和预测的。) 符合语境,契合后文内容。故选B。
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