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2026-2027 高一英语必修一Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
单元复习整理
一．单词默写
Ⅰ 单词默写
【阅读词汇】
1.bone n. 　　　　　
2.shell n. 　　　　　
3.dialect n. 　　　　　
4.CE (=Common Era) 　　　　　
5.semester n. 　　　　　
6.pants n. [pl.] (BrE) 　　　　　　(especially NAmE) 　　　　　　
【写作词汇】
7.　　　　　　 num. 十亿
8.　　　　　　 adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的 n. 本地人
9.　　　　　　 n.态度;看法
10.　　　　　　 n. 体系;制度;系统
11.　　　　　　 prep. 即使;尽管
12.　　　　　　 n. 因素;要素
13.　　　　　　 vt. & vi. 雕刻
14.　　　　　　 n. 王朝;朝代
15.　　　　　　 n.方式;方法;途径
16.　　　　　　 adj. 传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著
17.　　　　　　 n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为; 看待
18.　　　　　　 n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
19.　　　　　　 n. 书法;书法艺术
20.　　　　　　 n. 公共事务;事件;关系
21.　　　　　　 n. 舌头;语言
22.　　　　　　 n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
23.　　　　　　 n. (NAmE gas) 汽油
24.　　　　　　 n. (BrE underground) 地铁
25.　　　　　　 n. 公寓套房
26.　　　　　　 n.间隔;开口;差距
27.　　　　　　 n. 词汇
【拓展词汇】
28.　　　　　　 vi. 提到;参考;查阅 vt. 查询;叫……求助于→　　　　　　 n. 提到;指称关系;参考;查阅;参考书目
29.　　　　　　 vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据→　　　　　　 adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→　　　　　　 adj. 基本的;基础的;首要的→basis n. 基础
30.　　　　　　 n.符号;象征→　　　　　　 vt.象征,是……的象征
31.　　　　　　 n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→　　　　　　 v.不同;变化;改变→　　　　　　 adj.不同的;各种各样的
32.major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究→　　　　　　 n.大多数;(获胜的)票数,多数票
33.　　　　　　 adj.全球的;全世界的→　　　　　　 n.球体;地球仪;地球→　　　　　 adv. 全球地
34.　　　　　　 vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi. 增值→　　　　　　 n.增值; 感谢; 欣赏→　　　　　　 adj. 感激的;感谢的;欣赏的
35.　　　　　　 adj. 特定的;明确的;具体的→specifically adv. 特意地,明确地
36.　　　　　 vt. 恳求;祈求;哀求→　　　　　 n. 乞丐
37.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的→　　　　　　 n.平等;相等→　　　　　　 adv.同样地;相等地;相当地
38.　　　　　　 n.要求;需求 vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi.查问→　　　　　　 adj. 要求高的
39.describe vt.描述→　　　　　　 n.描写(文字);形容
40.relate vt. 联系;讲述→　　　　　　 n.关系;关联→　　　　　　 adj.比较的,相对的→　　　　　　 adv.相对地
●Ⅱ 短语检测(每小题1分,共11分)
【核心短语】
1.　　　　　　　　　　 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
2.　　　　　　　　　　 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
3.　　　　　　　　　　 追溯到
4.　　　　　　　　　　 where, who, what, etc. 不论……;不管……
5.　　　　　　　　　　 观点;看法
6.　　　　　　　　　　 与……相关;涉及;谈到
【拓展短语】
7.　　　　　　　　　　 起初
8.be of 　　　　　　　　　　(to) (对……)极为重要
9.　　　　　　　　　　 与……相连/有联系
10.　　　　　　　　　　 在……中起作用
11.　　　　　　　　　　 消除两者之间的距离;缩小两者之间的差距
二．单元语法填空
　With China playing a more significant role in 1.　　　　　(globe) affairs, Chinese has become the most widely spoken language in the world. Billions of people speak Chinese as their mother tongue or native language. No matter 2.　　　　　 you go, you may hear someone speaking a certain Chinese dialect.
More and more foreigners learn Chinese because it is the best means of appreciating Chinese culture. The Chinese writing system, based on Chinese 3.　　　　　(character), is the major factor that has carried Chinese civilisation 4.　　　　　 ups and downs into modern times. 5.　　　　　(date) back to 3,000 years ago, the earliest Chinese writing was based on pictures. People carved symbols on animal bones and shells, which referred to specific meanings. During the Qin Dynasty, 6.　　　　　 (vary) of forms of characters were unified into one. Over the years, Chinese characters were developed into an art form, 7.　　　　　(know) as calligraphy, which is an important part of Chinese culture.
To learn Chinese characters well is a struggle but worthwhile. From my point of view, reading classic works 8.　　　　　 (relate) to Chinese history can help you expand your vocabulary. Besides, keeping a Chinese dictionary for 9.　　　　　 (refer) is equally necessary. You can look up the 10.　　　　　 (describe) of the items to bridge the understanding gap.
三．配套小练习
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
A new data crowdsourcing platform, an initiative led by Dr Ioanna Sitaridou at Cambridge University, who has been studying Romeyka for the last 16 years, aims to preserve the sound of Romeyka, an endangered millennia-old variety of Greek. Experts consider the language to be a linguistic (语言的) gold mine and a living bridge to the ancient world.
Romeyka, which does not have a writing system and has been transmitted only in spoken form, is thought to have only a couple of thousand native speakers left in Turkey’s Trabzon region. Extensive contact with Turkish, the absence of support systems to facilitate intergenerational transmission, and migration have all taken their toll on Romeyka. A large majority of native speakers in Trabzon are over 65 years of age and fewer young people are learning the language.
The newly launched Crowdsourcing Romeyka platform invites members of the public from anywhere in the world to upload audio recordings of Romeyka being spoken. “Speech crowdsourcing is a new tool which helps speakers build a database of spoken materials for their endangered languages, allows researchers to document these languages, and motivates speakers to appreciate their own linguistic heritage. At the same time, by preserving their language, it can help speakers achieve acknowledgement of their identity from people outside of their speech community,” said Dr Sitaridou.
The innovative tool is designed by a Harvard undergraduate in Computer Science, Mr Matthew Nazari, himself a heritage speaker of Romeyka. Together they hope that this new tool will pave the way for the production of language materials in a naturalistic learning environment away from the classroom, but based instead around everyday use and community.
By engaging with local communities, particularly female speakers, Sitaridou has gathered the largest collection of audio and video data in existence and amounting to more than 29GB of sourced data, and has authored 21 peer-reviewed publications. A YouTube film about Sitaridou’s fieldwork has received 723,000 views to date.
1.Why is it necessary to preserve Romeyka
A.It is a variety of Greek.
B.It has a unique writing system.
C.It can generate commercial value.
D.It can strengthen the bond with the past.
2.Which can replace the underlined phrase “taken their toll on” in Paragraph 2
A.Had a negative influence on.
B.Taken full advantage of.
C.Played a leading role in.
D.Thrown new light on.
3.What does Paragraph 3 want to stress about the platform
A.Its prospect. 　　　B.Its originality. C.Its significance. D.Its limitation.
4.Which can best describe Dr Sitaridou’s work
A.Conventional. B.Eventful. C.Fruitful. D.Debatable.
B
There are close to 7,000 languages spoken on Earth. However, it’s estimated that by the end of this century, up to 50% of them may be lost.
It’s commonly thought that majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的). But is sentimentality really the only motivation for preserving language diversity
Speakers of endangered languages often live in remote areas with unique landforms. It is quite common for these languages to distinguish between hundreds more types of plants and animals than those known to modern science. For example, in Southeast Asia, some tribes have discovered the medicinal properties of over sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led to many of landmark achievements in medicine.
It was once believed that the limits of one’s language defined the limits of one’s thought. This theory, called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (假说), has been largely rejected in favour of the improved version, which assumes that the language we speak does not set the limits of our thoughts, but it does direct our focus in certain ways. For example, English is a tense-based language. It’s nearly impossible to talk about doing something without specifying the time—i.e. I went to the party(past), I’m going to the party(present), or I’ll go to the party (future). This differs from Chinese, where it’s perfectly reasonable to say, “I go to the party” without defining the “when”. Thus, part of the richness of language is that it allows us to organize the world in so many unique ways.
Some languages categorize the world in ways so different from our own that they are difficult to conceptualize (概念化). The United States employed native Navajo speakers to create a system of message coding during the Second World War. The Japanese were never able to break it, and the “code talkers” are often cited today as having helped decide the outcome of the war.
As we’ve already seen, minority languages are valuable for many practical reasons. In conclusion, I’d say the short answer is yes—dying languages are certainly worth saving!
5.What do people tend to think of minority languages
A.Valueless. B.Time-honoured.
C.Informal. D.Stable.
6.How can we benefit from endangered languages according to the author
A.We can discover drugs in a much safer way.
B.We don’t have to rely on modern medicine.
C.We can acquire a broad knowledge of nature.
D.We can learn how to protect plants and animals.
7.Why does the author mention the Second World War
A.To correct the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
B.To prove the value of minority languages.
C.To show wars’ role in preserving a language.
D.To explain ways to conserve some languages.
8.What would be a suitable title for the text
A.Are majority languages worth valuing
B.Are we willing to save dying languages
C.Should endangered languages be saved
D.Is the future of minority languages bright
●Ⅱ 语法填空
Language is naturally acquired when children are able to use it pleasurably, and language acquisition by children 1.　　　　　　 (them) saves both time and labour, said English-language education expert Chen Yaping.
Based 2.　　　　　　 observation and study, the professor at the School of English and International Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University and director of its Child Language Research Centre, said Chinese children 3.　　　　 (common) lack access to genuine English dialogues for learning and using 4.　　　　　　 language.
Chen 5.　　　　　　 (suggest) that children make use of dialogues that meet actual daily needs and read 6.　　　　　　 (grade) materials or picture books that match their cognitive (认知的) level and interest and which are of practical use.
She said that reading is a shortcut to learning English in a foreign language environment, as quality reading materials introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in real-life 7.　　　　　　　 (conversation).
“Children read because they love to read, not because they are told that reading is important for learning English. We should allow them 8.　　　　 (give) up reading a book halfway through and pick up another one 9.　　　　　　 they are more interested in,” said Chen.
She added that relieving anxiety, making children feel safe, and allowing them to experience a sense of 10.　　　　　　 (achieve) are vital to learning English.
参考答案
一． 词句默写
Ⅰ 【阅读词汇】
1.骨头; 骨(质)　2.壳; 壳状物　3.地方话; 方言　4.公元
5.学期　6.内裤; 短裤 裤子
【写作词汇】
7.billion　8.native　9.attitude　10.system　11.despite　12.factor　13.carve　14.dynasty　15.means　16.classic
17.regard　18.character　19.calligraphy　20.affair
21.tongue　22.struggle　23.petrol　24.subway
25.apartment　26.gap　27.vocabulary
【拓展词汇】
28.refer; reference　29.base; based; basic　30.symbol; symbolize/symbolise　31.variety; vary; various/varied
32.majority　33.global; globe; globally　34.appreciate; appreciation; appreciative　35.specific　36.beg; beggar
37.equality; equally　38.demand; demanding
39.description　40.relation; relative; relatively
二．单元语法填空
1.global　2.where　3.characters　4.through　5.Dating　6.varieties　7.known　8.related　9.reference
10.description
三．配套小练习
ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了剑桥大学的Ioanna Sitaridou博士致力于保护一种濒危的语言Romeyka,她发起了一个名为Crowdsourcing Romeyka的数据众包平台,邀请公众上传说Romeyka的语音录音,以建立口语材料数据库。目前她的工作取得了丰硕的成果。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Experts consider the language to be a linguistic (语言的) gold mine and a living bridge to the ancient world.”可知,保护这种语言的必要性在于它可以加强与过去的联系。故选D项。
2.A　词义猜测题。画线短语的上文“Extensive contact with Turkish, the absence of support systems to facilitate intergenerational transmission, and migration…”介绍的都是对语言的传播和传承不利的因素,其下文“A large majority of native speakers in Trabzon are over 65 years of age and fewer young people are learning the language.”描述的是这些不利因素导致的不好的结果,由此推知,这些不利因素是对这种语言造成了负面影响,所以画线短语的意思应该与had a negative influence on (对……有负面影响)相近。故选A项。
3.C　段落大意题。根据第三段中Dr Sitaridou所说的话“Speech crowdsourcing is a new tool which helps speakers build a database of spoken materials for their endangered languages…it can help speakers achieve acknowledgement of their identity from people outside of their speech community…”可知,本段主要强调了该平台起到的重要作用,即其存在的重要意义。故选C项。
4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“…Sitaridou has gathered the largest collection of audio and video data in existence and amounting to more than 29GB of sourced data, and has authored 21 peer-reviewed publications. A YouTube film about Sitaridou’s fieldwork has received 723,000 views to date.”可推知,Sitaridou博士的工作取得了丰硕的成果。故选C项。
B
【文章大意】 本文为一篇议论文。人们普遍认为重视少数民族语言以及一些濒危的语言是感情用事。文章举例说明了濒危的语言在历史上以及现在给社会带来的好处,点明了作者的支持态度。
5.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s commonly thought that majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的).”可知,少数民族语言被视为进步的障碍,是没有价值的,故选A。
6.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, in Southeast Asia, some tribes have discovered the medicinal properties of over sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led to many of landmark achievements in medicine.”可知,一些濒危的语言可以帮助人们在特定的领域拓宽知识,故我们可以通过濒危的语言来拓宽自然知识,故选C。
7.B　推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Some languages categorize the world in ways so different from our own that they are difficult to conceptualize (概念化). The United States employed native Navajo speakers to create a system of message coding during the Second World War. The Japanese were never able to break it, and the ‘code talkers’ are often cited today as having helped decide the outcome of the war.”可知,文章提到二战是为了说明纳瓦霍语在二战中起到了关键性的作用,使得日本人无法破解,从而带来了战争的胜利,故作者提到二战是为了证明少数民族语言的重要性,故选B。
8.C　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段可知,人们普遍认为重视少数民族语言以及一些濒危的语言是感情用事,文章从第三段开始举例说明濒危的语言在历史上以及现在给社会带来的好处,故C项“濒危语言应该被保存下来吗 ”适合做文章标题,故选C。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语教育专家陈亚平强调让孩子们享受学习英语的过程,并提出利用符合实际需要和实用性的对话和阅读材料来促进英语学习的方法。同时,她还强调了缓解焦虑、让孩子们感到安全和成就感对于英语学习的重要性。
1.themselves　考查代词。此处表示“孩子们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
2.on　考查介词。be based on为固定短语,意为“以……为基础”。故填on。
3.commonly　考查副词。设空处使用common的副词形式作状语,修饰动词lack。故填commonly。
4.the　考查冠词。句中language为可数名词,此处表示特指,设空处使用定冠词。故填the。
5.suggested　考查动词时态。根据后文的she said以及句意可知,句子表述过去的事实,故使用一般过去时。故填suggested。
6.graded　考查形容词。设空处使用grade的形容词graded作定语,修饰名词materials,意为“分级的”。故填graded。
7.conversations　考查名词。conversation在此处为可数名词,空前无限定词,故用复数形式。故填conversations。
8.to give　考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定短语,意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to give。
9.that　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语,修饰先行词one。此处先行词one被不定代词another修饰,引导词应用that,故填that。
10.achievement　考查名词。设空处使用achieve的名词achievement作宾语,其在此处为不可数名词。故填achievement。
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