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第一讲 通用方法篇—三步定位法
A篇（基础巩固）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Li Wei is a 16-year-old student from Chengdu. He lives with his parents and his grandmother. Every day after school, he does something special. He does not go home to play video games. Instead, he goes to the local community center to help younger students with their homework.
At first, Li Wei only helped one or two students. He taught them math, because math was his favorite subject. The children liked him very much. They said he explained things very clearly. However, Li Wei sometimes felt tired. After a long day at school, he wanted to rest. But when he saw the children's smiling faces, his tiredness went away.
Last month, a girl named Xiaomei came to the center. She was very shy and had difficulty with reading. Li Wei spent extra time with her every day. He read stories with her and taught her new words. After three weeks, Xiaomei could read a whole story by herself. She was so happy that she cried. Li Wei felt prouder that day than he had ever felt before.
Now, more and more students come to the center. Li Wei wants to become a teacher in the future. He says, “Helping others learn is the most meaningful thing I have ever done.”
1. What does Li Wei do after school every day
A. He plays video games.
B. He helps younger students with homework.
C. He goes to math class.
D. He stays at home and rests.
2. How did Li Wei feel when he was tired but saw the children's smiles
A. He felt even more tired.
B. He felt angry.
C. His tiredness went away.
D. He wanted to go home.
3. What happened to Xiaomei after three weeks of help
A. She left the center.
B. She became a teacher.
C. She could read a whole story by herself.
D. She taught Li Wei new words.
4. What does Li Wei want to do in the future
A. Become a doctor.
B. Open a community center.
C. Become a teacher.
D. Play video games all day.
B篇（能力提升）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When Sarah was in middle school, she was terrified of speaking in public. Every time she had to give a presentation in class, her hands would shake and her voice would tremble. She often stayed up late the night before, worrying about what might go wrong.
However, everything changed in the ninth grade. Sarah's English teacher, Mrs. Patterson, noticed her fear. Instead of excusing Sarah from presentations, Mrs. Patterson gave her a different task. She asked Sarah to prepare a short speech about her favorite hobby—painting. “Share what you love,” the teacher said. “Don't focus on yourself. Focus on your message.”
Sarah practiced her speech many times in front of a mirror. She also recorded her voice and listened to it. On the day of the presentation, she was still nervous. But when she started talking about her paintings, something shifted. She forgot to be afraid because she was too busy sharing her passion. When she finished, her classmates applauded warmly.
That experience completely changed Sarah's attitude. She realized that fear is not a permanent condition. It can be overcome with practice and the right approach. Today, Sarah is a university student majoring in art education. She often gives workshops to help other young people who struggle with public speaking.
1. How did Sarah feel about public speaking in middle school
A. She enjoyed it very much.
B. She was very afraid of it.
C. She was good at it.
D. She did not care about it.
2. What did Mrs. Patterson ask Sarah to do
A. Skip the presentation.
B. Write an essay instead.
C. Give a speech about her hobby.
D. Take a public speaking class.
3. What happened when Sarah started talking about her paintings
A. She forgot her words.
B. Her classmates laughed at her.
C. She became more nervous.
D. She forgot to be afraid.
4. What lesson did Sarah learn from this experience
A. Public speaking should be avoided.
B. Fear cannot be overcome.
C. Fear can be overcome with practice.
D. Teachers should not push students.
【A篇答案及解析】
1. 答案 B
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：Li Wei, after school, do。第二步，回原文定位。第①段出现“Every day after school... he goes to the local community center to help younger students with their homework.”第三步，同义替换：题干do → 原文goes to...to help。选项B“He helps younger students with homework”是原文的原词复现。
2. 答案 C
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：felt, tired, saw the children's smiles。第二步，回原文定位。第②段定位到“However, Li Wei sometimes felt tired... But when he saw the children's smiling faces, his tiredness went away.”第三步，注意However和But两个转折词。But后面的信息是关键：“his tiredness went away”→ 选项C是原词复现。
3. 答案 C
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：happened, Xiaomei, after three weeks。第二步，回原文定位。第③段找到Xiaomei，用“前一句后一句法”读到“After three weeks, Xiaomei could read a whole story by herself.”第三步，同义替换：题干what happened → 原文could read a whole story by herself → 选项C是原词复现。
4. 答案 C
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：Li Wei, want to do, future。第二步，回原文定位。第④段“Li Wei wants to become a teacher in the future.”第三步，同义替换：题干want to do → 原文wants to become。原文become a teacher → 选项C。
【B篇答案及解析】
1. 答案 B
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：Sarah, feel, public speaking, middle school。第二步，回原文定位首段。第①段第一句“When Sarah was in middle school, she was terrified of speaking in public.”第三步，同义替换：题干feel → 原文was terrified。terrified等于very afraid → 选项B“She was very afraid of it.”
2. 答案 C
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：Mrs. Patterson, ask Sarah to do。第二步，回原文定位。第②段“She asked Sarah to prepare a short speech about her favorite hobby—painting.”第三步，同义替换：题干ask...to do → 原文asked...to prepare。speech about her hobby → 选项C“Give a speech about her hobby.”
3. 答案 D
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：what happened, started talking about her paintings。第二步，回原文定位。第③段“But when she started talking about her paintings, something shifted. She forgot to be afraid...”第三步，注意But转折词，答案在But后面。forgot to be afraid → 选项D是原词复现。
4. 答案 C
解析：第一步，读题干画关键词：lesson, learn, experience。第二步，回原文定位尾段。第④段“She realized that fear is not a permanent condition. It can be overcome with practice...”第三步，同义替换：fear can be overcome with practice → 选项C。
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高考英语·阅读理解“极简突破”教程
第一讲：通用方法篇—三步定位法
适用文体：所有阅读理解题
文体识别：此为通用方法，是所有解题技巧的基础。
核心技巧：三步定位法
这是整个课程的基石，必须背下来。
第一步：读题干，圈两类关键词
专有名词/数字：人名、地名、时间、数字（最容易在原文中找到的词）
实义名词/动词：题目问的核心话题是什么
第二步：回原文，精准定位+“前一句后一句”
用关键词快速扫读，找到“定位句”
关键动作：把定位句的前一句和后一句也读一遍（防止答案在相邻句）
第三步：比对选项，做同义替换
正确答案 = 定位句的同义改写
陷阱选项 = 出现原文原词但意思不对（张冠李戴）
答题口诀：
题干画词去定位，前后各看多一句。
答案不是原词搬，同义替换才是真。
【例文一】
请阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
My name is Maria. I am a high school student from a small town. Every summer, I work as a volunteer at the local animal hospital. I started this job when I was 15 years old.
At first, I only cleaned the cages and fed the animals. But last year, the vet taught me how to help with simple treatments. I learned to give medicine to cats and dogs. The work is not always easy. Sometimes the animals are scared and try to bite. However, I never feel angry with them. I understand they are just afraid.
One day, a family brought in a small dog that had been hit by a car. The dog was badly hurt. I held it gently while the vet worked. Luckily, after two hours, the dog was saved. The family cried with joy. That moment changed me. I knew then that I wanted to become a vet in the future.
Now I am 17. I still go to the animal hospital every Saturday. My friends ask me why I don't spend my weekends playing. I tell them, “Helping animals makes me happier than anything else.”
1. What is Maria's summer job
A. A teacher B. A volunteer at an animal hospital C. A vet D. A cleaner
2. How did Maria feel when animals tried to bite her
A. She felt scared. B. She felt angry. C. She felt understanding. D. She felt sad.
3. What happened to the small dog that was hit by a car
A. It ran away. B. It died. C. It was saved. D. It bit Maria.
4. What does Maria want to do in the future
A. Become a teacher B. Open a pet shop
C. Become a vet D. Stop working at the hospital
【逐题精讲】
第1题
题干：What is Maria's summer job
关键词：Maria, summer, job
三步演示：
1. 定位：文章第①段出现“Maria”“Every summer”“work as a volunteer at the local animal hospital”
2. 前一句后一句：定位句就是第一段，信息完整。
3. 同义替换：题干 job = 原文 work as。原文 volunteer at the local animal hospital → 选项 B。
答案：B
错误选项分析：
A“老师”：原文未提。
C“兽医”：那是她的梦想，不是现在的工作。
D“清洁工”：原文说“cleaned the cages”，但她是志愿者，不是职业清洁工。
技巧关键词：首段定位法（第一题通常在文章开头）
第2题
题干：How did Maria feel when animals tried to bite her
关键词：feel, animals tried to bite
三步演示：
1. 定位：第②段出现“Sometimes the animals are scared and try to bite.”
2. 前一句后一句：定位句后面紧接着“However, I never feel angry with them. I understand they are just afraid.”
3. 同义替换：题干 feel → 原文 feel。原文“never feel angry...understand they are afraid”→ 选项 C“She felt understanding.”
答案：C
错误选项分析：
A“害怕”：原文说动物害怕，不是Maria害怕。
B“生气”：原文说“never feel angry”，是反义干扰。
D“难过”：文中未提及。
技巧关键词：转折词定位法（However/But 后面的信息常是考点）
第3题
题干：What happened to the small dog that was hit by a car
关键词：small dog, hit by a car
三步演示：
1. 定位：第③段“a family brought in a small dog that had been hit by a car.”
2. 前一句后一句：定位句后面“The dog was badly hurt. I held it gently...Luckily, after two hours, the dog was saved.”
3. 同义替换：题干 what happened → 原文结局“the dog was saved”→ 选项 C“It was saved.”（原词复现）
答案：C
错误选项分析：
A“跑走了”：未提及。
B“死了”：与原文相反。
D“咬了Maria”：张冠李戴，是第②段别的动物咬人。
技巧关键词：前一句后一句法（答案在定位句后面才出现）
第4题
题干：What does Maria want to do in the future
关键词：want to do, future
三步演示：
1. 定位：第③段结尾“I knew then that I wanted to become a vet in the future.”
2. 前一句后一句：定位句信息完整。
3. 同义替换：题干 want to do → 原文 wanted to become。原文 become a vet → 选项 C。
答案：C
错误选项分析：
A“当老师”：未提及。
B“开宠物店”：未提及。
D“停止在医院工作”：与原文第④段“still go”相反。
技巧关键词：尾段定位法（主旨/未来打算/结论通常在文章后半部分）
【本课核心高频词】
volunteer，名词/动词，志愿者；自愿做。例文原句：work as a volunteer
however，副词，然而。例文原句：However, I never feel angry...
luckily，副词，幸运地。例文原句：Luckily, after two hours...
vet，名词，兽医。例文原句：the vet taught me
saved，动词，救（原形save）。例文原句：the dog was saved
badly，副词，严重地。例文原句：badly hurt
future，名词，未来。例文原句：in the future
treatment，名词，治疗。例文原句：simple treatments
scared，形容词，害怕的。例文原句：animals are scared
gently，副词，轻柔地。例文原句：held it gently
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