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2026-2027 高一英语必修二 Unit 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
单元复习整理
一．单词默写
Ⅰ 单词默写
【阅读词汇】
1.mansion n. 　　　　　
2.cemetery n. 　　　　　
3.philosophy n. 　　　　　
4.descendant n. 　　　　　
5.heel n. 　　　　　
6.Achilles’ heel 　　　　　
7.cattle n. 　　　　　
8.scent n. 　　　　　
9.stew n. 　　　　　　vt.& vi. 　　　　　　
【写作词汇】
10.　　　　　　 孔子
11.　　　　　　 adj. 单独的;个别的 n. 个人
12.　　　　　　 n. 王国;领域
13.　　　　　　 adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领; 酋长
14.　　　　　　 adj. 附近的;邻近的 adv. 在附近
15.　　　　　　 n. 通货; 货币
16.　　　　　　 adj. 军事的; 军用的
17.　　　　　　 vt. 占领;征服;控制
18.　　　　　　 n.战役;搏斗 vi.& vt. 搏斗;奋斗
19.　　　　　　 n. 港口(城市)
20.　　　　　　 n.收费;指控;主管 v. 收费;控告;充电;猛攻;向……方向冲去
21.　　　　　　 n. 金额;数量
22.　　　　　　 n.(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊
23.　　　　　　 n.方法;途径;接近 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近
24.　　　　　　 vt. 保证;确保;担保
25.　　　　　　 n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景
26.　　　　　　 n.黄油;奶油 vt. 涂黄油于
27.　　　　　　 n. 蜂蜜
28.　　　　　　 n. 祖宗; 祖先
29.　　　　　　 n.位置;姿态;职位 vt.安装;安置
30.　　　　　　 n. 庭院;院子
31.　　　　　　 n. 点心;小吃
32.　　　　　　 n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
33.　　　　　　 n. 盛宴;宴会;节日
34.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴); 翻滚
35.　　　　　　 n.点;小(圆)点 vt.(　　　　,　　　　)加点;遍布
36.　　　　　　 vi.& n. 吼叫;咆哮
37.　　　　　　 n. 大海;海洋
38.　　　　　　 n. 酒吧;酒馆
39.　　　　　　 n. 葡萄酒;果酒
40.　　　　　　 n. (一杯)啤酒
【拓展词汇】
41.puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑→　　　　　　 adj.迷惑不解的→　　　　　　 adj.令人迷惑的
42.　　　　　　 vi. 应在(某处);适应→　　　　　　 n.[pl.]所有物;财物
43.　　　　　　 n.防御;保卫→　　　　　　 v.保护;保卫→　　　　　　 adj. 防御的,保护的
44.　　　　　 adj. 法律的;合法的→　　　　　 adj. 不合法的;非法的→　　　　　　 adv. 不合法地;非法地
45.　　　　　　 vt.围绕;包围→　　　　　　 adj.周围的→　　　　　　 n.周围的事物;环境
46.　　　　　　 n.证据;证明→　　　　　　 adj.明显的;清楚的
47.　　　　　 n. 地方;地点;位置→　　　　　 vt.确定……的准确位置;把……安置在(或建造于)→　　　　　　 adj.位于;坐落在
48.　　　　　　 adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的→　　　　　　 vt. 使着迷→　　　　　　 adj. 着迷的→　　　　　　 n. 着迷,迷恋;令人着迷的事物;极大的吸引力
49.　　　　　 vt. 宣布;通知;声称→　　　　　 n.通告;宣布;声明→　　　　　　 n. 广播员;播音员
50.　　　　　　 adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨,大方
51.　　　　　 adj. 热切的;渴望的→　　　　　 adv. 急切地;渴望地→　　　　　　 n.渴望;殷切;热忱
52.　　　　　　 n. 诗人→　　　　　　 n. 诗→poetry n. [U]诗,诗歌
53.　　　　　　 vt.问候;迎接→　　　　　　 n.招呼;问候;迎接
54.　　　　　 n.习惯;习俗;风俗→　　　　　 n. 顾客→　　　　　　 n. 海关
55.sense n. 感觉;感官→　　　　　　 adj. 感觉的;感官的→　　　　　　 adj. 敏感的
56.　　　　　　 adj. 引人注目的;显著的→　　　　　　 v. 击打,攻击;侵袭 n. 罢工
57.　　　　　　 n. 过渡; 转变; 变迁→　　　　　　 adj. 过渡的
58.　　　　　 n.成就;成绩;达到→　　　　　 vt.完成;达到
59.　　　　　　 n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→　　　　　　 adj.拥挤的
二．单元语法填空
　Ireland is an island country 1.　　　　　(surround) by seas and oceans. The unique location creates many ports. The capital city, Dublin, is the biggest port city as well as the centre of art. Keep your eyes open, and you may find the greatest works in small 2.　　　　　 (gallery). Its official currency is the euro.
Irish people’s ancestors were Celts who arrived in Ireland in 500 BC. They gradually founded a military 3.　　　　　 (defend) and a legal system. The greatest achievements that their descendants take pride in include music and art. In the 12th century the nearby country England started battles and conquered Ireland. Ireland 4.　　　　　(join) to the Kingdom of England. Not until 1949 did the south break away from the UK, while the north stayed, still 5.　　　　　 (belong) to the UK.
Ireland is a 6.　　　　　 (fascinate) mix of its peaceful landscape and striking customs. Walking around the countryside, you will be excited by the green counties with rolling hills 7.　　　　(dot) with sheep and cattle, which is a true feast 8.　　　　　 the eyes. Down by the sea, hearing the roaring waves and breathing in the scent of flowers, you will understand why the small island has produced so many great poets. Relaxing with a glass of wine or beer in a pub is a good way to experience Irish traditions. If you are lucky enough, when 9.　　　　　 (approach) a courtyard, you may 10.　　　　　(greet) warmly by the generous locals, who are eager to share their Beef Stew or bread with home-made butter and honey with you.
三．配套小练习
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
In 2017, Irish President Michael D. Higgins and his wife Sabina started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards, the purpose of which is to invite students from throughout that country to reflect on interesting questions and participate in philosophical thinking and discussion. In 2023, over 500 young thinkers came together at University College Dublin for the sixth annual gathering. The grand prize winner was Seán Radeliffe from Cork, for his essay “Has Plato’s tale of the cave been warning us of social media for 2,500 years ” And speaking of Plato, in 2022, an award-winning documentary film entitled Young Plato received international recognition. It focuses on how Kevin McArevey, the headmaster of a primary school in Belfast’s Ardoyne housing estates, uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their environment and to question the mythologies of war and violence (For more, see ). As one can see, philosophy is alive and well in both the Republic of Ireland and the UK constituent country of Northern Ireland.
Ireland has traditionally been known as the Land of Saints and Scholars. In this edition of Philosophy Now, we’ll cast a cold eye on the state of philosophy past, present and future in the Emerald Isle, with a focus on Thomas Duddy’s idea, in his book A History of Irish Thought, that such an exploration must be both practical and creative.
This issue is dedicated to my late friend Seán Moran, a Philosophy Now writer and a modern Irish philosopher whom I met in Waterford many years ago, and whose humour, charm, and friendliness enriched my life. Like Thomas Duddy, Seán died much too young. He demonstrated to me the true meaning of William Butler Yeats’ closing words from his poem “The Municipal Gallery Revisited”:
“Think where man’s glory most begins and ends
And say my glory was I had such friends.”
(　)1.What can readers probably get on
A.How critical thinking helps students reflect on their environment.
B.How Plato’s stories influence social media every now and then.
C.How Higgins and his wife started the Young Irish Philosopher Awards.
D.How young thinkers try philosophical thinking and discussion annually.
(　)2.What will be highlighted in this edition of Philosophy Now
A.Ireland’s philosophical evolution.
B.Thomas Duddy’s ideas on history.
C.The growing reputation of Ireland.
D.The ideal way of exploring philosophy.
(　)3.Why does the author quote Yeats’ poem
A.To compare Seán’s achievement with Thomas Duddy’s.
B.To express the author’s sorrow for Seán’s early death.
C.To appreciate the friendship between the author and Seán.
D.To demonstrate the author’s understanding of philosophy.
(　)4.What best shows the author’s view on philosophy
A.Creative. 　　　　　B.Reflective. C.Sceptical. D.Confused.
B
BBC foreign correspondent Jeremy Bowen’s recent assignment—a three-part series on Radio 4 in which he made “a personal journey through Wales”, the country of his birth—must still have left him a little shocked. Bowen, born in Cardiff but living in England and a non-Welsh speaker, did the most dangerous thing—he attacked what he saw as the way the Welsh-speaking minority in Wales dominates the cultural conversation. This argument has not gone down well in the land of his fathers.
The Welsh online media has suggested this is the view from Camberwell where Bowen lives, rather than Criccieth—a journalist’s whistle-stop tour of a country he last resided in more than 40 years ago. Fellow BBC journalist Welsh speaker Huw Edwards responded to that criticism: “We are all products of upbringing—this take is 1970s Cardiff.” Edwards was even ruder about an attack on Welsh by Jonathan Meades in The Critic. “So long as it’s a hobby language it is as harmless as a Sunday painter,” wrote Meades. “But in pockets of Snowdonia and mid-Wales it is a tool not only of communication but of identity and exclusivity, thus of self-harm.”, to which Edwards responded: “Meades is a brilliant writer and I have enjoyed his work over many years. I can only assume he’s crazy. Nothing else can explain this rubbish.”
Bowen’s argument is that because bilingualism (双语能力) has become essential for many jobs in Welsh government and media, the English-speaking majority has been disadvantaged. Meades is more concerned with a project to create a million Welsh speakers (a third of the population) by 2050. At present, only a fifth of the population speaks Welsh regularly. Such views are, however, either outdated or exaggerated (夸张的).
Largely rural Welsh-speaking Wales was discovering new confidence, thanks to the start of the Welsh-language channel S4C in 1982 and the growth of Welsh-medium education. But Welsh-speaking Wales is not responsible for the difficulties of English-speaking Wales, and the two have to find a way to coexist. The survival of Welsh is a miracle, and every Welsh person, whether or not they speak it, should celebrate that fact.
(　)5.Why was Bowen recently shocked
A.He had a narrow escape in Wales.
B.He was refused entry into his fatherland.
C.He was assigned to do a series about Wales.
D.He was criticized for his radio programme about Wales.
(　)6.What was Edwards’ attitude towards Meades’ comments
A.Disapproving. B.Supportive.
C.Tolerant. D.Uncaring.
(　)7.What put the English-speaking majority at a disadvantage
A.They could not speak two languages.
B.They held outdated ideas about language.
C.A third of the Welsh could speak the native language.
D.The government attached less importance to English.
(　)8.What does the author say about the survival of Welsh
A.It establishes Welsh dominance.
B.It is unexpected and welcome.
C.It occurs at the cost of English-speaking Wales.
D.It owes much to the efforts of Welsh-speaking Wales.
●Ⅱ 语法填空
I have lived in Herne, Canterbury for 23 years. I 1.　　　　　　 (bear) here and moved away to Guildford later, but Canterbury is one of the most beautiful, popular and historic cities in England.
People who live in Canterbury are welcoming and 2.　　　　　　 (extreme) passionate about their city. We have a strong sense of community. It is 3.　　　　　　 honour and privilege to work in such a beautiful 4.　　　　　　 (locate). The Franciscan Gardens, the heart of the city, changes so much throughout the seasons 5.　　　　　　 there is always something incredible to see. Located beside the River Stour, the Franciscan Gardens is the site of the first settlement of the Franciscan Friars, sent over in 1224 by St Francis 6.　　　　 (spread) the Word and work for the poor. We have two amazing gardeners, Robert and Tracey, who take care of this wonderful setting. The gardens are the lungs of Canterbury, 7.　　　　　　 (hide) behind the busy high street—a place of peacefulness, full of history. As soon as you enter the gardens, the Friar’s Path takes you to the beautiful Wisteria Walk. Following on from this is the stunning rose wall. We grow many vegetables and 8.　　　　　 (cut) flowers and medicinal plants, which are given to the patients in the Eastbridge Hospital next door. It is next to Greyfriars Chapel, the only 9.　　　　　 (remain) of the Franciscan Friary 10.　　　　　 most parts were destroyed by Henry Ⅷ during the dissolution.
参考答案
一． 词句默写
Ⅰ 【阅读词汇】
1.公馆; 宅第　2.墓地; 公墓　3.哲学　4.后裔; 后代; 子孙　5.足跟; (脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟　6.(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟,致命的弱点　7.牛　8.气味; 气息　9.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) 炖; 煨
【写作词汇】
10.Confucius　11.individual　12.kingdom　13.chief
14.nearby　15.currency　16.military　17.conquer
18.battle　19.port　20.charge　21.amount　22.gallery　23.approach　24.ensure　25.landscape　26.butter
27.honey　28.ancestor　29.position　30.courtyard
31.snack　32.county　33.feast　34.roll　35.dot; dotted; dotted　36.roar　37.ocean　38.pub　39.wine　40.beer
【拓展词汇】
41.puzzled; puzzling　42.belong; belongings　43.defence; defend; defensive　44.legal; illegal; illegally　45.surround; surrounding; surroundings　46.evidence; evident
47.location; locate; located　48.fascinating; fascinate; fascinated; fascination　49.announce; announcement; announcer　50.generous　51.eager; eagerly; eagerness
52.poet; poem　53.greet; greeting　54.custom; customer; customs　55.sensory; sensitive　56.striking; strike
57.transition; transitional　58.achievement; achieve
59.crowd; crowded
二．单元语法填空
1.surrounded　2.galleries　3.defence　4.was joined 5.belonging　6.fascinating　7.dotted　8.for 9.approaching　10.be greeted
三．配套小练习
ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了爱尔兰和北爱尔兰的哲学教育情况,以及作者对哲学的看法。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段“It focuses on how Kevin McArevey…uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of their environment and to question the mythologies of war and violence (For more, see ).”可知,读者在能看到批判性思维如何帮助学生反思自己周围的环境。故选A项。
2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段“Ireland has traditionally been known as the Land of Saints and Scholars. In this edition of Philosophy Now, we’ll cast a cold eye on the state of philosophy past, present and future in the Emerald Isle, with a focus on Thomas Duddy’s idea, in his book A History of Irish Thought, that such an exploration must be both practical and creative.”可推知,本期《当代哲学》将重点介绍爱尔兰的哲学演变。故选A项。
3.C　推理判断题。根据第三段“This issue is dedicated to my late friend Seán Moran, a Philosophy Now writer and a modern Irish philosopher whom I met in Waterford many years ago, and whose humour, charm, and friendliness enriched my life.”可推知,作者引用叶芝的诗的目的是感激作者和肖恩之间的友谊。故选C项。
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段“…uses critical thinking techniques to empower young children to look beyond the boundaries of…”以及第二段“…such an exploration must be both practical and creative.”可推知,作者对哲学的看法是反思性的,他认为哲学应该是实际的、有创造性的,并且能够帮助人们超越自身的局限。故选B项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述威尔士语及其在威尔士社会中的地位和影响的争议。文章通过BBC驻外记者Jeremy Bowen的观点,以及记者Huw Edwards对Jonathan Meades的回应,揭示了威尔士社会中关于威尔士语的争议。
5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段“BBC foreign correspondent Jeremy Bowen’s recent assignment…he attacked what he saw as the way the Welsh-speaking minority in Wales dominates the cultural conversation. This argument has not gone down well in the land of his fathers.”可知,Bowen最近感到震惊是因为他因有关威尔士的广播节目而受到批评。故选D项。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第二段“Meades is a brilliant writer and I have enjoyed his work over many years. I can only assume he’s crazy. Nothing else can explain this rubbish.”可推知,Edwards对Meades的评论是不赞成的。故选A项。
7.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Bowen’s argument is that because bilingualism (双语能力) has become essential for many jobs in Welsh government and media, the English-speaking majority has been disadvantaged.”可知,不能说两种语言让大多数说英语的人处于劣势。故选A项。
8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The survival of Welsh is a miracle, and every Welsh person, whether or not they speak it, should celebrate that fact.”可推知,威尔士语的幸存是出乎意料的,也是受欢迎的。故选B项。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了英国Canterbury的优美风光。
1.was born　考查时态和语态。根据moved可知,用一般过去时,主语I和bear之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was born。
2.extremely　考查副词。修饰形容词passionate,应用副词作状语。故填extremely。
3.an　考查冠词。根据honour and privilege可知,空处需填冠词来修饰名词,此处表泛指,且honour以元音音素开头,故填an。
4.location　考查名词。根据a beautiful可知,此处用单数名词location,表示“地点,位置”。故填location。
5.that　考查固定句型。根据句意可知,此处是so…that…引导的结果状语从句。故填that。
6.to spread　考查非谓语动词。be sent over to do sth意为“被派去做某事”。故填to spread。
7.hidden　考查非谓语动词。根据词组be hidden behind“藏于……之后”可知,此处应用过去分词作状语。故填hidden。
8.cutting　考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词形式,cutting flowers表示“切花”。故填cutting。
9.remains　考查名词。此处用名词remains,表示“遗迹”。故填remains。
10.whose　考查定语从句。“…most parts were destroyed by Henry Ⅷ during the dissolution.”是定语从句,从句缺定语,应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
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