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山东德州市2025-2026学年高二下学期英语期末试题
一、阅读理解
A
Dear fellow students,
Each year, our school goes through more than 50,000 plastic bottles, 30,000 straws and 20,000 bags. Most are used for under 15 minutes yet take centuries to break down. This problem has snowballed over the past decade. It’s time to turn the tide.
Why plastic is a problem
Plastic items School yearly usage Degradation time
Water bottles 50,000+ 450 years
Straws 30,000+ 200 years
Shopping bags 20,000+ 500 years
Food containers 15,000+ 400 years
Over 1 million marine animals fall victim to plastic waste each year. As students, we can make a difference.
Our “Plastic-Free Campus” Initiative
The challenge asks participants to go without disposable (一次性的) plastics — bottles, straws, bags, containers — for ten days straight. We require every student to take these three steps:
1. Bring your own bottle. One reusable bottle saves up to 500 disposable bottles a year. Fill it at any campus fountain.
2. Refuse plastic straws and bags. Just say “No straw, please.” Carry a cloth bag for shopping.
3. Refuse unnecessary plastic packaging. Choose package-free options whenever possible.
Join us!
From May 20 to May 30, the Green Campus Club will run a “Plastic-Free Challenge”. Participants who successfully complete the challenge will receive a reusable drink bottle (limited to 50 winners).
Register at the club office (Room 101, Science Building) or scan the QR code below (see poster on campus).
Let’s be the generation that ends plastic pollution. Small changes, big impact.
Green Campus Club
May 10, 2026
1. What is the main purpose of the initiative
A．To host a school competition.
B．To promote reusable water bottles.
C．To ban plastic products from school.
D．To reduce disposable plastics on campus.
2. What can we learn from the table
A．Straws are easier to replace.
B．Shopping bags degrade the fastest.
C．Water bottles rank first in annual usage.
D．Food containers are less harmful than straws.
3. What do you need to do as a participant if you want to win a bottle
A．Register for the challenge online.
B．Recycle plastics from the cafeteria.
C．Sort plastics to exchange for bottles.
D．Use reusable bottles or cloth bags for ten days.
B
Among those who rose from the humblest origins to lasting fame, Michael Faraday was outstanding as an example. Born in 1791 to a struggling London blacksmith (铁匠), Faraday received only elementary schooling — reading, writing, and arithmetic at a local day school. Yet from such unpromising beginnings, he rose to become one of history’s most influential scientists.
At thirteen, Faraday left formal education and began learning the trade under Mr. Riebau, a bookbinder. His primary duty was delivering newspapers for his master. Each Sunday, he would rise before dawn, distribute the papers, and occasionally request permission to keep a copy for himself. In later life, he seldom encountered a newsboy without a surge of fellow feeling. “I always feel a deep affection for those boys,” he once remarked, “because I once carried newspapers myself.”
The bookshop environment proved transformative. Within reach of numerous quality volumes, Faraday consumed them with expanding curiosity. He found himself especially attracted to scientific entries in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, particularly those concerning electricity and chemistry. Night after night, he stayed up late, painstakingly copying passages and drawing diagrams, driven by a deep love for the scientific books that came into his hands. Through sheer determination, he progressively built the knowledge he desperately desired.
A turning point arrived when an attentive customer, noticing Faraday’s enthusiasm, gifted him with tickets to lectures delivered by the renowned chemist Humphry Davy. Faraday attended, took exhaustive notes, bound (装订) them elegantly, and forwarded them to Davy along with a written request for a position. Impressed by the young man’s diligence and skill, Davy appointed him as his assistant at the Royal Institution.
From a blacksmith’s son with virtually no advantages, Faraday went on to uncover the principles of electromagnetic induction (电磁感应) and construct the first electric motor. His life demonstrates that one’s starting point matters far less than dogged dedication.
4. How did Faraday feel while seeing a newsboy
A．Sympathetic. B．Ambitious. C．Humble. D．Indifferent.
5. What can we learn about Faraday’s handwritten copies of scientific entries
A．They bore witness to his self-education.
B．They were elegantly bound and forwarded.
C．They were later presented to Humphry Davy.
D．They were limited to electricity and chemistry.
6. What helped Faraday become Davy’s assistant
A．His bookbinding skills.
B．A ticket from a kind customer.
C．His notes with a job application.
D．A personal interview after lectures.
7. What message does Faraday’s story convey
A．Birth determines the future.
B．Dedication outweighs origin.
C．Formal schooling is optional.
D．Fortune matters more than effort.
C
We all hold assumptions, beliefs we accept as true without questioning. But why don’t we examine them more often
One reason is that our assumptions are hard to see. They are like the water a fish swims in: invisible, yet surrounding us entirely. We don’t notice them precisely because they are so familiar. Yet the deeper reason is more uncomfortable. As cultural anthropologist (人类学家) Michael Wesch observes, “We fail to examine our assumptions not just because they are hard to see, but also because they are safe and comfortable.” Our assumptions allow us to live with what he calls “the pleasing belief that ‘'I am the center of the universe, and what matters is my immediate needs and desires.’” This comforting belief discourages us from facing more difficult truths-that our way of seeing the world is not the only way, and that our own beliefs might be just one perspective among many.
Challenging our assumptions takes real courage. When we question something we have long taken for granted, we risk losing our sense of certainty. We might discover that something we believed to be true is actually incomplete or even mistaken. That discovery can disconcert us, rocking the very foundation of what we once held certain.
But there is also a different result. Those who dare to examine their assumptions develop what anthropologists call “cultural relativism”-the ability to see one’s own culture from the outside and other cultures from the inside. They become more open-minded, more curious, and more capable of understanding people who see the world differently.
The question, then, is not whether our assumptions might be wrong. The real question is whether we are brave enough to look at them and to grow from what we find. As Wesch reminds us, the art of being human lies not in having all the answers, but in learning how to see more distinctly. This sharper view reshapes our understanding of self and others.
8. What is the root cause of why we don’t examine assumptions
A．We have no time to reflect.
B．We get used to invisible things.
C．We lack the skills to question them.
D．We take comfort in self-importance.
9. What does the underlined word “disconcert” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．disqualify. B．stabilize. C．satisfy. D．unsettle.
10. Why does the author mention “cultural relativism”
A．To suggest assumptions cannot change.
B．To examine cross-cultural understanding.
C．To argue our own culture is hard to understand.
D．To illustrate the benefits of challenging assumptions.
11. What does Wesch suggest in the end
A．Gaining a clearer perspective.
B．Putting immediate needs first.
C．Sticking with pleasing beliefs.
D．Avoiding uncomfortable truths.
D
Even as global warming causes sea levels to rise worldwide, sea levels around Greenland will likely drop, according to a new paper in Nature Communications. “The Greenland coastline is going to experience quite a different outcome,” says lead author Lauren Lewright. “It’s sea level is actually projected to fall.”
As the Greenland Ice Sheet loses ice due to melting, the land beneath it rises, like a spring rising after weight is removed. This rise drives sea levels down. Meanwhile, a large ice sheet has strong gravity that pulls seawater toward it. As the ice gets smaller, that gravitational pull weakens, causing sea levels to fall further. Together, these effects are known as GIA, with gravity change accounting for up to 30% of the decline. As the ice melts, the land lifts and the ocean’s pull lessens, working toward the same outcome.
The new study stands out because unlike earlier global studies, the team combined historical sea level records from the past thousands of years with height data from 57 satellite towers around Greenland. By comparing the modeled estimates with these real-world observations, they confirmed that the rapid uplift of Greenland’s coast cannot be explained by older models. Their models show that the land reacts to ice loss faster than previously assumed, a factor overlooked in those earlier studies. This quicker response, in turn, leads to a larger sea level fall around the island this century. These findings not only refine predictions for Greenland but also offer a new framework for studying ice-covered regions elsewhere.
The team also projected future changes. By 2100, under a low-pollution situation, sea levels around Greenland are predicted to fall by 0.7 to 1.1 meters, while under high pollution, by 1.7 to 3.8 meters. “The impacts will be very different than anywhere else,” says co-author Jacqueline Austermann. Local communities may find their ports too shallow, and shipping routes could be affected. She adds, “Any sea level projection needs to be done on a local or regional scale.”
12. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A．By listing precise statistics.
B．By noting an odd finding.
C．By defining a technical term.
D．By reporting a leading scientist.
13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The effect of melting on ice sheet.
B．The factors behind the sea level decline.
C．The method used to measure ice sheet mass loss.
D．The reason why gravity is stronger in Greenland.
14. What makes the new study unique
A．Supporting older models’ prediction.
B．Collecting data overlooked before.
C．Combining historical and satellite data.
D．Refining a faster land response than expected.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Greenland’s Flowing Ice Sheets at Risk
B．Greenland’s Rising Land and Falling Sea
C．Greenland’s Gravity Change from Ice Loss
D．Greenland’s Sea Level Fall under Pollution
七选五
In modern sports, wearable devices and video tracking generate huge amounts of data. However, turning that data into better coaching decisions remains difficult. Coach M8 is an AI system designed to solve this problem without adding extra work for the coach.
____16____ Using a model based on eight factors from sports science research, it can warn coaches up to seven days before a player gets hurt. This allows training to be adjusted in time, keeping key players on the field instead of in treatment.
When preparing for a match, the system scans the web in real time for any opponent’s recent results, formations, and tendencies. ____17____ You walk into the dressing room knowing their strengths and weaknesses better than they know themselves.
Training plans are also no longer a guessing game. You tell the AI your next match date, the current energy level of your team, and what you want to achieve. The AI then designs a workout that pushes the right players while protecting those who are tired. ____18____
Player development becomes fully visible over months of training. ____19____ The system tracks each athlete’s speed, endurance, and work rate, showing their progress on a clear timeline. Coaches can instantly see not just where a player is now, but whether they are truly improving.
Prior to every game, Coach M8 calculates a readiness score for each player based on their recent load, recovery quality, and performance trend. ____20____ The AI then recommends the strongest lineup for that specific matchup. Coaches no longer have to guess who is fit to play.
A．That’s how it makes every training count.
B．It safeguards the players from injury layoffs.
C．You get a clear answer on who will be starters.
D．It uncovers any team’s playing patterns instantly.
E．The system evaluate each athlete’s work rate online.
F．The team report requires the coaches’ recent performance.
G．A long-term view separates players’ real growth from short-term luck.
二、完形填空
Leo always trusted himself until he joined the robotics team. Two senior members, Ethan and Marcus, ____21____ an almost legendary status, rejecting anyone “impractical.” Leo sensed their ____22____. When he proposed a new design, Ethan dismissed it as waste. Leo’s face ____23____, and he began doubting himself.
Whenever Leo’s idea ____24____ from the team’s approach, the seniors stayed silent. Their ____25____ to acknowledge his suggestions was a quiet power. One night, Leo found a critical flaw (缺陷) in their design. Fixing it meant ____26____ their original framework, something they had already rejected.
The next day, he ____27____ his evidence. Ethan accused him of going behind their backs. Leo nearly apologized but stopped. He had done nothing ____28____. “The flaw is real,” he said. “If you ignore it because I found it, that’s on you.” He refused to ____29____. Ethan sighed, “Show me the numbers again.” Leo ____30____ him through the data, step by step. No one praised Leo, but no one ____31____ him either. Soon the team adopted his ____32____. Marcus never fully accepted Leo but had to admit Leo was right. The team began to ____33____, not from warmth, but from plain truth. Leo earned their respect.
Leo understood then: ____34____ of rejection is more dangerous than rejection itself. By holding his ground, he became a truth-teller, not a ____35____. That means preserving your voice, not lowering it.
21. A．deserved B．held C．claimed D．assumed
22. A．generosity B．curiosity C．indifference D．approval
23. A．burned B．softened C．brightened D．relaxed
24. A．resulted B．learned C．recovered D．differed
25. A．refusal B．eagerness C．failure D．attempt
26. A．preserving B．following C．challenging D．strengthening
27. A．reviewed B．presented C．predicted D．admitted
28. A．practical B．illegal C．wrong D．dangerous
29. A．go away B．break up C．fall apart D．back down
30. A．walked B．carried C．counted D．sent
31. A．greeted B．trusted C．asked D．dismissed
32. A．guess B．fix C．mistake D．test
33. A．move B．argue C．shift D．hesitate
34. A．thought B．risk C．fear D．doubt
35. A．follower B．killer C．leader D．partner
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Buildings are more than just structures. Architecture, ____36____ provides a clear expression of how a culture views itself, reveals the deepest values of a civilization to a greater extent ____37____ any other art form does. To demonstrate this point, consider the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western architectural traditions, a clear ____38____ (understand) of which is essential for any student of global culture.
Traditional Chinese buildings, constructed ____39____ (primary) from wood, emphasize harmony with nature. The wood-based materials enable structures ____40____ (bend) with the forces of wind and earthquake rather than resisting them rigidly. This choice is practical and philosophical, for wood, being organic ____41____ impermanent, reflects Taoism — live with nature, not control it.
Western classical architecture, by contrast, ____42____ (shape) by the pursuit of permanence. Stone and marble (大理石) structures, from Greek temples to Roman basilicas, are built to last forever. While a Chinese courtyard house spreads out in ____43____ horizontal manner as a series of slowly shown spaces, the Western cathedral (大教堂) rises straight up to the sky, symbolising ____44____ (it) wish to go beyond earthly limits.
Chinese architecture is gentle and ____45____ (invite), while western architecture is grand and commanding. These two approaches have both been influenced by Taoist naturalism and Platonic (柏拉图式的) idealism.
四、书面表达46
你校英文网站“My Summer Mix”论坛征集学生暑期最想提升的一项技能（如游泳、绘画、摄影、英语口语等）。请你投稿，内容包括：
1．选择与理由；
2．计划与目标。
注意：
1．写作词数应为 80 左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
My Summer Mix
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
五、读后续写47
One December evening, Li Ming sat alone in his dormitory. An admission letter from a famous TV station lay on his desk, promising a good career and a bright future. His professor, Dr Chen, thought he would be an excellent anchor (主播). But something had changed inside him.
In his final year, he saw a report about a remote village in his home province. Farm products went unsold due to poor roads. A worried farmer said, “We have a great harvest, but we can’t sell it.” The farmer’s weary tone reminded him of his grandfather’s words years ago: “The land gives, but no one comes to take.” That image stayed — his grandparents lived there and grew oranges, but never used smartphones. Now he had to choose between the job and helping people like his grandparents.
Long before the offer arrived, he had tried remote help with videos and apps, but the elders gave up without on-site guidance. The village lacked Internet, and livestreaming needed someone to fix problems. However, the station’s contract required him to report to Beijing in a month for training, and the training schedule left no room for even a brief return to the village. A full-time anchor would be tied to the studio, while the village needed a teacher on site, not a distant advisor. He couldn’t be in two places.
He called his grandfather and asked how he coped when his work went unnoticed. The old man replied, “I never had the chance to choose. The land gave or it didn’t. But you are choosing. That itself is a start.”
Li Ming set down the phone and stared at the letter. The offer was still there, waiting. On one side, a path to success. On the other, a path to purpose. He could not take both. He had to choose.
注意：
1．续写词数应为 150 左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next morning, Li Ming went to Dr Chen’s office.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Backed by Dr Chen, Li Ming returned to the village.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
阅读理解1-15
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.B
七选五16-20
16.B 17.D 18.A 19.G 20.C
完形填空21-35
21.B 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.C 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.A 31.D 32.B 33.C 34.C 35.A
语法填空36-45
36.which 37.than 38.understanding 39.primarily 40.to bend 41.and 42.is shaped 43.a 44.its 45.inviting
46 参考范文
My Summer Mix
Among all skills, I plan to improve oral English this summer. Speaking fluently helps me communicate with foreign friends and boosts my confidence in English competitions.
Every morning I will spend 30 minutes reading English articles aloud. I will watch English short videos and repeat lines to correct my pronunciation. Besides, I will join an online English corner to practice talking with partners.
My goal is to express my ideas freely without hesitation by the end of summer.
47 参考范文
The next morning, Li Ming went to Dr Chen’s office. He told Dr Chen his inner struggle and final decision — turning down the TV station job to go back to the village. Dr Chen felt surprised at first, but after hearing Li Ming’s sincere wish to help villagers sell oranges, he understood and supported his choice. He promised to offer professional livestreaming knowledge and contact resources to assist Li Ming.
Backed by Dr Chen, Li Ming returned to the village. He taught the elderly how to use smartphones and build livestream rooms. He introduced shooting and sales skills to them. Before long, the sweet oranges gained wide popularity online. Seeing villagers smile with income growth, Li Ming realized he had made the most valuable choice, finding true meaning in serving ordinary people.

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