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人教版（新教材）九年级上册Unit 1 The Changing World语法讲练
一般过去时和现在完成时
核心语法1：一般过去时
知识点1 核心定义与时间标志词
一般过去时用来描述纯粹发生在过去的动作或存在状态，动作已经完全结束，和现在没有任何关联。
类别 代表词汇
具体过去时点 yesterday、last week、just now
时间段+ago three days ago、five years ago
过去年代/场景 in 2010、when I was young
知识点2 动词过去式变化规则
变化类型 变形方法 单词示例 补充考点
常规动词 词尾直接加-ed work → worked；play → played 清辅音后ed读/t/，浊辅音、元音后读/d/
词尾e结尾 仅加-d live → lived；hope → hoped 无需重复书写字母e
辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed study → studied；carry → carried 元音字母+y直接加-ed：play→played
重读闭音节（辅+元+辅） 双写末尾辅音再加-ed stop → stopped；plan → planned 满足三条件：重读、短元音、末尾单辅音
不规则动词 无统一规则，单独记忆 go→went、see→saw、eat→ate 中考高频不规则动词需专项背诵
知识点3 四大句型结构
句型类型 基础公式 例句解析
肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 They visited the old railway last year. 解析：动作发生在去年，谓语visit变为过去式visited
否定句 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn’t plant trees last spring. 解析：助动词didn’t后，谓语动词还原为原形plant
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you travel by high-speed railway 解析：句首加Did，谓语动词还原原形travel
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Where did you buy the digital device 解析：疑问词前置，剩余结构同一般疑问句，动词用原形buy
核心语法2：现在完成时（单元重难点）
知识点1 基础定义、结构与时态标志词
现在完成时动作起点在过去，与现在存在紧密联系，两层核心含义：①过去动作对当下产生直接结果、影响；②动作从过去持续至现在，有可能继续延续。
基础结构：主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词(done)
分类 词汇 使用规则
完成类 already、just、yet already、just 用于肯定句，放在 have/has 之后、实义动词前；yet仅放否定、疑问句末尾
经历类 ever、never ever（疑问句，曾经）；never（否定句，从未）
近期类 recently、lately 多用于句首或句中
持续时长 for / since for + 一段时间；since + 过去时间点/过去从句
截止至今 so far、up to now、in the past few years 强调动作到目前为止的结果
知识点2 过去分词变化规则
1. 规则动词：过去分词变化规则 = 动词过去式变化规则；
2. 不规则动词（原形→过去分词，中考高频）
do→done、go→gone、see→seen、eat→eaten、leave→left、buy→bought、have→had、get→got/gotten、forget→forgotten、write→written、speak→spoken、break→broken、choose→chosen、take→taken、give→given、rise→risen、ride→ridden、swim→swum、sing→sung、drink→drunk
知识点3 短暂性动词与延续性动词转换
短暂性动词动作瞬间完成，无持续状态，不能直接搭配for/since时间段，必须替换为表达状态的延续性短语。
短暂动词 对应延续表达 例句解析
leave be away (from) He has been away from his hometown for two years. 解析：leave瞬间动词，换成be away表持续离开的状态
die be dead His grandpa has been dead for five years. 解析：die不能持续，be dead表去世的状态
borrow keep I have kept this book for a month. 解析：borrow短暂，keep表示长期持有
buy have I have had this digital camera since 2024. 解析：buy换成have，表拥有物品的持续状态
begin/start be on The play has been on for 20 minutes. 解析：start替换为be on，表示演出进行中
finish be over The meeting has been over for an hour. 解析：finish换成be over，表会议结束的状态
marry be married They have been married for 15 years. 解析：marry瞬间动作，be married表婚姻状态
come/go/arrive be in/at She has been in Beijing since last summer. 解析：come换成be in，表停留某地
open be open The shop has been open all day. 解析：open动作变为be open营业状态
join be in / be a member of He has been in the sports club for one term. 解析：join换成be in，表长期在团体中
catch a cold have a cold I have had a cold for three days. 解析：catch a cold换成have a cold表生病状态
put on wear She has worn this coat for a week. 解析：put on穿的动作，wear穿着的状态
fall asleep be asleep The kid has been asleep for an hour. 解析：入睡动作换成be asleep熟睡状态
知识点4 have gone to / have been to / have been in
短语 中文含义 使用场景 例句解析
have/has gone to 去了某地（人目前仍在当地，未返回） 询问某人去向、人不在现场，多用于第三人称 —Where is Tom —He has gone to Shanghai. 解析：Tom此刻不在说话现场，还在上海
have/has been to 去过某地（人现已归来，侧重过往经历） 搭配ever/never/many times，谈论人生经历 I have been to Beijing three times. 解析：人现在在家，只是曾经去过北京
have/has been in 在某地停留（持续状态） 后接for/since+时间段，表停留时长 She has been in this town for 6 years. 解析：表达持续待在小镇六年
知识点5 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时辨析
对比维度 一般过去时 (did) 现在完成时 (have/has done)
时间逻辑 动作完全落在过去，和现在彻底断开 起点在过去，落点在现在，和当下紧密关联
时间状语 带明确单点过去词：yesterday、ago、in 年份、just now 无精准过去时点；用 already/yet/for/since/so far
表达侧重 单纯客观陈述过去事实 侧重当下结果、持续状态、人生经历
谓语结构 主语 + 动词过去式 主语 + have/has + 过去分词
快速判断口诀
有明确过去时间状语 → 一般过去时；
表对现在影响、持续时长、人生经历 → 现在完成时。
考点精练
一、单项选择（共30小题）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1．They ________ a football match yesterday afternoon.
A．watch B．watched C．are watching D．will watch
( )2．Last Sunday, we ________ some volunteers clean the natural park near our community.
A．helped B．help C．are helping D．have helped
( )3．—Have you ________ finished your homework
—Yes. I finished it ________.
A．just; just now B．just now; just C．just; just D．just now; just now
( )4．—Jack, Mr. Green called and ________ us to visit the Natural History Museum just now.
—Great! I’d love to.
A．invites B．invited C．will invite D．has invited
( )5．My uncle lives in Beijing now, but he ________ in Shanghai three years ago.
A．lives B．lived C．is living D．will live
( )6．—Grandpa, look! The river, the bridge, and the boats…amazing!
—You feel that way Your grandma ________ the same thing 40 years ago.
A．say B．says C．said D．will say
( )7．They ________ to keep a balanced schedule last week, so they felt energetic.
A．try B．tries C．tried D．will try
( )8．—Did you ________ ping-pong with your brother yesterday
—No. We ________ soccer.
A．played; played B．play; play C．played; play D．play; played
( )9．—What did you do last weekend
—We ________ camping and ________ reading books.
A．go; enjoy B．went; enjoy C．went; enjoyed D．go; enjoyed
( )10．—How was your last weekend
—Terrible! I ________ to visit a farm with my family, but the weather played a great joke on us.
A．plan B．will plan C．planned D．am planning
( )11．—I didn’t see you at the party last night.
—Sorry, I ________ at home.
A．stay B．stays C．will stay D．stayed
( )12．— Did you see the movie The Little Prince
— Yes, I ________ it last month.
A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see
( )13．—How did you spend the Mid-Autumn Festival last month, Adam
— I ________ moon cakes and watched the full moon with my family.
A．eat B．ate C．am eating D．will eat
( )14．—Has the panda Xiangxiang come back to China ________
—Yes. She has ________ started her new life in China.
A．already; still B．yet; already C．already; yet D．yet; never
( )15．With the development of science and technology, AI ________ an important part of people’s lives already.
A．become B．became C．is becoming D．has become
( )16．—Have you handed in your project ________
—Yes, I have ________ finished it
A．ever; yet B．yet; just C．yet; ever D．ever; just
( )17．Scientists ________ great progress in technology recently. And our life becomes more convenient.
A．will make B．were making C．have made D．made
( )18．Miss Lin ________ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A．has done B．did C．does D．will do
( )19．The lost boy ________ his way home with the librarian’s help so far.
A．find B．found C．has found D．finds
( )20．Bill likes reading. He ________ lot of picture books with his dad up to now.
A．has read B．is reading C．reads D．read
( )21．—When did your cousin leave his hometown
—He ________ for nearly three years.
A．have been away B．left C．has left D．has been away
( )22．Joe’s grandfather ________ last year. That is to say, he ________ for one year.
A．died; has died B．died; has been dead
C．was dead; die D．death; has been dead
( )23．You ________ the book for one week. Now you must return it to the library.
A．borrowed B．kept C．have borrowed D．have kept
( )24．— What a wonderful car! When did you buy it
— I ______ it for two years.
A．had B．bought C．have had D．have bought
( )25．—Mum, can I watch the new environmental show on TV
—Sorry, it ________ for ten minutes. Let’s watch it online later.
A．has begun B．has been on C．begins D．will begin
( )26．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the football match of the Jiangsu Football City League.
—It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0. Nantong won!
A．has begun B．has finished C．has been on D．has been over
( )27．—Aunt Lily ________ Uncle Tom when they left school. Really, Mom
—Yes. Love is a wonderful thing that brings two people together. They ________ each other since then.
A．married; have been married to B．married to; have married
C．married; have been married D．married with; have got married to
( )28．—Where’s Li Hua I haven’t seen him for several days.
—He ________ a mountain area to work as a volunteer. He ________ there for more than a week.
A．has been to; has arrived B．has gone to; has arrived
C．has been to; has been in D．has gone to; has stayed
( )29．Amy ________ the Art Club for about two months. She really loves Chinese paintings.
A．joined B．was in C．has joined D．has been in
( )30．Tom ________ Nanjing. He ________ the city three times. This time he ________ Nanjing for three days.
A．has gone to; has been to; has been in B．has been to; has gone to; have been in
C．has been in; has been to; have gone to D．has gone to; has been in; has been to
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共20小题）
1．He ________ (teach) me how to ride a bike when I was 6.
2．Tom ________ (lose) his dictionary yesterday, so he can’t look up words now.
3．He ________ (lead) his family to a happy life last year.
4．They ________ (hold) a big concert last Saturday.
5．When I was a child, I ________ (use) to swim in this river every summer.
6．I ________ (see) a lovely cat on my way to school yesterday
7．I couldn’t reach him by phone, so I ________ (write) an email to him yesterday.
8．The wind _________ (blow) hard yesterday. The snowstorm is coming.
9．I ________ (leave) my notebook on the stage after the festival last week.
10．The news ________ (hit) me when I checked my notebook just now.
11．My aunt has ________ (be) an English teacher at this junior high school since 2015.
12．He ________ (grow) vegetables in high-tech greenhouses for 5 years.
13．So far, the government ________ (build) two new hospitals in this area.
14．Have you ever ________ (hear) of Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie
15．I ________ (hide) all our sweet memories in my heart ever since we left each other.
16．The charity ________ (provide) free medical care for all people since 2010.
17．He ________ (expect) to look after his younger sister since his parents left.
18．My father ________ (work) in this factory for 15 years, and he still enjoys his job now.
19．So far, our class ________ (raise) over 2,000 yuan for the children in the mountain village.
20．—Have you got presents ready for Mom’s birthday
—Oh no, I have ________ (forget) all about it.
三、句型转换（共10小题）
按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1．They went to the USA last week.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ they go last week
2．My grandpa watched TV last night. （对划线部分提问）
________ did your grandpa ________ TV
3．We played ping-pong last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句）
________ you ________ ping-pong last Sunday
4．The boy lost his key yesterday. (改为否定句)
The boy ________ ________ his key yesterday.
5．I was in Shanghai yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—________ you in Shanghai yesterday
—No, I ________.
6．The Smiths have lived in the country for five years.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ ________ the Smiths lived in the country
7．The factories have made great efforts to deal with pollution. (对划线部分提问)
________ have the factories ________ to deal with pollution
8．She borrowed the book two weeks ago. (同义句)
She ________ ________ the book for two weeks.
9．I have already told Maddie the whole story. (变成否定句)
I ________ told Maddie the whole story ________.
10．Miss Green isn’t here. She went to the library. (合并为一句)
Miss Green________ ________ ________ the library.答案解析
一、单项选择（30小题）
1. 答案：B。解析：时间标志词yesterday afternoon（昨天下午）为一般过去时标志，谓语动词用过去式；watch过去式为watched，A原形、C现在进行时、D一般将来时均排除。
2. 答案：A。解析：Last Sunday（上周日）是一般过去时标志，help过去式helped；B原形、C现在进行时、D现在完成时不符合过去时间。
3. 答案：A。解析：just用于现在完成时，放在have/has后；just now（刚才）是一般过去时标志，放句末；句意：你刚写完作业吗？是的，我刚才写完的。
4. 答案：B。解析：just now（刚刚）为一般过去时标志，invite过去式invited；A一般现在时、C一般将来时、D现在完成时不匹配。
5. 答案：B。解析：three years ago（三年前）过去时标志，live过去式lived；A一般现在时、C现在进行时、D将来时排除。
6. 答案：C。解析：40 years ago（40年前）过去时标志，say过去式said；A原形、B三单、D将来时错误。
7. 答案：C。解析：last week（上周）一般过去时，try变过去式tried；A原形、B三单、D将来时排除。
8. 答案：D。解析：一般过去时一般疑问句结构Did+主语+动词原形，第一空填play；第二句陈述过去动作，用过去式played。
9. 答案：C。解析：last weekend为过去时，and连接并列谓语，go→went，enjoy→enjoyed，两动词均变过去式。
10. 答案：C。解析：上下文描述上周的计划，为过去动作，plan过去式planned；A原形、D现在进行时、B将来时错误。
11. 答案：D。解析：last night（昨晚）过去时标志，stay过去式stayed；A原形、B三单、C将来时排除。
12. 答案：B。解析：last month（上个月）明确过去时间，用一般过去时see→saw；C现在完成时不能搭配具体过去时间。
13. 答案：B。解析：last month为过去时，eat过去式ate；A原形、C现在进行时、D将来时错误。
14. 答案：B。解析：yet用于现在完成时疑问句末尾；already用于肯定句have/has之后；句意：熊猫香香回国了吗？是的，她已经在中国开启新生活。
15. 答案：D。解析：already是现在完成时标志，结构have/has+过去分词；主语AI单数，用has become；A原形、B过去式、C现在进行时不匹配。
16. 答案：B。解析：yet放完成时疑问句句末；just放在have后，表“刚刚”；ever意为曾经，不符合本句语境。
17. 答案：C。解析：recently（最近）为现在完成时标志，结构have made；A将来时、B过去进行时、D一般过去时无持续含义。
18. 答案：A。解析：since 2010（自2010年起）表从过去持续到现在，现在完成时，主语三单has done；B一般过去时不能搭配since时间段。
19. 答案：C。解析：so far（到目前为止）现在完成时标志，has found；A原形、B过去式、D三单排除。
20. 答案：A。解析：up to now（迄今为止）现在完成时标志，has read；B现在进行时、C一般现在时、D过去式不符合。
21. 答案：D。解析：for nearly three years是持续时间段，短暂动词leave不能与for连用，转换为延续性be away；主语he三单，has been away；Ahave形式错误、B/C短暂动词不能接时间段。
22. 答案：B。解析：last year是过去时点，第一空用一般过去时died；for one year持续时长，die短暂动词变延续be dead，现在完成时has been dead。
23. 答案：D。解析：for one week持续时间段，borrow短暂动词换延续keep；现在完成时have kept；A/B过去式、C短暂动词borrow不能搭配时间段。
24. 答案：C。解析：for two years持续时长，buy短暂动词转换为延续have；现在完成时have had；B过去式、D短暂动词buy不能接时间段。
25. 答案：B。解析：for ten minutes持续时长，begin短暂动词换成be on；现在完成时has been on；A短暂begin不能搭配时间段、C一般现在时、D将来时错误。
26. 答案：D。解析：for half an hour持续时长，比赛已经结束，finish短暂动词变be over；has been over；A演出开始、C正在进行不符合“It’s too late”语境。
27. 答案：C。解析：第一空when they left school过去时点，marry及物动词直接接人，married；第二空since then持续状态，marry短暂动词换be married，现在完成时have been married。
28. 答案：D。解析：has gone to去了某地（人不在现场）；has stayed为延续状态，可搭配for more than a week；has been to表示去过已返回，不符合人不在场语境，arrive是短暂动词不能接时间段。
29. 答案：D。解析：for about two months持续时长，join短暂动词换延续be in；现在完成时has been in；A过去式、C短暂join不能搭配时间段。
30. 答案：A。解析：has gone to去南京（人还在当地）；has been to去过（三次，表经历）；has been in在某地停留（搭配for three days持续时长）。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（20小题）
1. 答案：taught。解析：when I was 6是过去时间，一般过去时；teach不规则过去式taught。
2. 答案：lost。解析：yesterday过去时标志，lose过去式lost。
3. 答案：led。解析：last year过去时，lead不规则过去式led。
4. 答案：held。解析：last Saturday过去时，hold过去式held。
5. 答案：used。解析：when I was a child过去时间，固定搭配used to do 过去常常。
6. 答案：saw。解析：yesterday一般过去时，see过去式saw。
7. 答案：wrote。解析：yesterday过去时，write过去式wrote。
8. 答案：blew。解析：yesterday过去时，blow过去式blew。
9. 答案：left。解析：last week过去时，leave过去式left。
10. 答案：hit。解析：just now过去时，hit原形、过去式、过去分词同形hit。
11. 答案：been。解析：since 2015现在完成时，结构have/has+done；be过去分词been。
12. 答案：has grown。解析：for 5 years持续到现在，现在完成时；主语he三单，grow过去分词grown。
13. 答案：has built。解析：So far现在完成时标志，主语government单数，build过去分词built。
14. 答案：heard。解析：现在完成时一般疑问句Have+主语+过去分词；hear过去分词heard。
15. 答案：have hidden。解析：ever since现在完成时标志，hide过去分词hidden；主语I用have。
16. 答案：has provided。解析：since 2010现在完成时，charity单数，provide过去分词provided。
17. 答案：has expected。解析：since his parents left现在完成时，主语he三单，expect过去分词expected。
18. 答案：has worked。解析：for 15 years持续至今，现在完成时；father三单，work过去分词worked。
19. 答案：has raised。解析：So far现在完成时，our class单数，raise过去分词raised。
20. 答案：forgotten。解析：现在完成时have+过去分词；forget过去分词forgotten。
三、句型转换（10小题）
1. 答案：Where did。解析：划线to the USA是地点，疑问词Where；last week过去时，助动词did提前。
2. 答案：When; watch。解析：划线last night是时间，疑问词When；助动词did后谓语还原原形watch。
3. 答案：Did; play。解析：last Sunday一般过去时，一般疑问句句首加Did，动词还原原形play。
4. 答案：didn’t lose。解析：yesterday过去时否定句，主语+didn’t+动词原形lose。
5. 答案：Were; wasn’t。解析：一般过去时主系表结构，主语you搭配were；否定回答No, I wasn’t。
6. 答案：How long have。解析：划线for five years是时长，疑问词组How long；现在完成时，主语the Smiths复数，助动词have。
7. 答案：What; done。解析：划线made great efforts为动作内容，疑问词What；完成时have后用过去分词done。
8. 答案：has kept。解析：two weeks ago过去时点，for two weeks持续时长；borrow短暂动词换延续keep，现在完成时she三单has kept。
9. 答案：haven’t; yet。解析：现在完成时否定句have变haven’t；already改为yet放句末。
10. 答案：has gone to。解析：人不在现场，去了图书馆未返回，用has gone to。

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