资源简介

专题06 阅读理解（说明文）15篇【真题解码】2024-2026三年中考英语真题分类汇编
（2026·黑龙江·中考真题）
How would you like to spend your summer holiday Do you want to watch TV at home or go on a trip Well, no matter what you do, a bag of potato chips will make it more enjoyable. You need: ☆ 2 potatoes and some oil. ☆ An oven, a baking tray (烤盘) and a knife. How to do: ▲ First, heat the oven for 5 minutes. ▲ Second, cut the potatoes into thin pieces with a knife. ▲ Third, brush the pieces with oil and put them on a baking tray. ▲ Finally, put the baking tray into the oven and cook for 15 minutes. Tips It’s time for you to enjoy your delicious potato chips. You can add some salt, honey or pepper according to your likes.
根据语篇内容选择最佳答案。
1．How many steps do you need to make potato chips
A．2. B．3. C．4.
2．How long does the oven work in total
A．For 5 minutes. B．For 15 minutes. C．For 20 minutes.
3．What’s the last step to make potato chips
A．Heat potato chips.
B．Brush the pieces with oil.
C．Put the baking tray into the oven and cook.
4．If you like something sweet, you can add ________ to your potato chips.
A．salt B．honey C．pepper
5．When do people usually eat potato chips according to the passage
A．When swimming.
B．When having a math class.
C．When watching TV at home.
（2026·黑龙江·中考真题）There are many traditional cultures in China. All of them have a very long history. Let’s have a look at some of them.
Chinese Folk MusicIt has something to do with Chinese old stories. One of the works, Shijing, has some folk songs from 15 different areas. Pipa, erhu and xiao are traditional Chinese musical instruments. WeiqiWeiqi, called “yi” in Chinese history, is a game between two players. It has a history of about 3,000 years. The game is said to be the beginning of chess games. It was introduced to Korea about 2,000 years ago.
Chinese HandwritingIt is a special art of Asian culture. Brush handwriting is popular around the world. Wang Xizhi is famous for his handwriting. He made a great difference to the development of regular script (楷书). Chinese PaintingIt is one of the oldest arts in the world. Most of the Chinese paintings in Chinese history were done on paper. They are mainly about mountains and water, people, flowers and birds. The most famous one is about mountains and water.
根据语篇内容选择最佳答案。
6．How many kinds of traditional Chinese cultures are mentioned
A．2. B．3. C．4.
7．When was Weiqi introduced to Korea
A．About 1,000 years ago.
B．About 2,000 years ago.
C．About 3,000 years ago.
8．From the material, Chinese handwriting ________.
A．is the beginning of all arts
B．has a history of 3,000 years
C．is a special art of Asian culture
9．What is the most famous Chinese painting about
A．Flowers. B．Birds. C．Mountains and water.
10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the material
A．Chinese folk songs in Shijing came from different areas.
B．Wang Xizhi made a great difference to Chinese painting.
C．Weiqi has something to do with Chinese old stories.
（2026·湖北·中考真题）For most foreign teenagers, learning Chinese poems could be boring. But for a group of exchange students in China, it became an amazing trip. To help them learn more, Chinese students in a middle school started a club called “Poetry Gathering”.
In this club, students explored the classic poems in active and creative ways. Chinese students prepared “fun cards”. On the cards were famous poems and theme (主题) paintings. Cards about Li Bai’s moon, Du Fu’s mountains, and Wang Wei’s desert were popular. They helped the exchange students know how ancient poets used Chinese to “paint” pictures.
Besides, they used simple instruments like drums to experience the rhythm (节奏) of the poems. “When I play the drums to a Tang poem, I can hear the music hidden in the lines,” said Alice, an exchange student. “It makes the poem easy to sing out loud and interesting to share.” By putting poems, paintings and the rhythm together, students made the club a fun place where ancient poets met their teenager fans.
When Chinese students and exchange students studied together, they both benefited greatly. “To help them better understand our poems, I have to do some closer reading. Each character means a lot in poems. For example, 水 (shui) shows beauty, sweetness, and a smooth feeling,” said Li Ran. “When my new foreign friend said he could feel the imagery (意境) of the lines, I felt very proud of our culture.” Li added.
In fact, learning poems can be fun for everyone. These activities not only offer students a chance to learn more about Chinese poems, but also bring people of different languages and cultures together.
11．What do most foreign teenagers think of learning Chinese poems
A．Exciting. B．Useful. C．Boring. D．Easy.
12．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指代)
A．Cards. B．Paintings. C．Poems. D．Mountains.
13．What did playing the drums help the students do
A．Sing more poems. B．Feel the rhythm of poems.
C．Share classic music. D．Create lively nature scenes.
14．Why did the writer use the example of “水 (shui)”
A．To describe different forms of water.
B．To tell the pronunciation of the character.
C．To express Chinese people’s love for water.
D．To show the rich meanings of Chinese characters.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．A Talk on Chinese Culture B．A Taste of Classic Lines
C．Power of Deep Thoughts D．Fun with Chinese Poems
（2026·四川广元·中考真题）The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars.
Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet and had the possibility for hosting microbial (微生物的) life. Scientists are not 100 percent sure what happened to water on it. One popular general idea is solar (太阳的) wind. According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today.
It is just like when we get our skin wet and there are small drops of water on the surface, the wind will finally dry us off, and the water will be carried away. This is very likely to happen to Mars, causing the surface to become hard and dry.
This discovery was made with the help of the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spaceship, which sent out radio waves to the planet’s surface. Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity (反射率), which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface.
With temperatures as low as the average on Mars, water is supposed to be frozen. But scientists think that water on Mars is able to keep a water form because of the high level of the salt—so high that the possibility of active life surviving in such a condition is pretty low.
With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet.
16．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in paragraph 2
A．Earth. B．Solar surface. C．Mars. D．Microbial life.
17．Why is the human’s skin mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To explain the great influence of solar wind.
B．To provide further information about Mars.
C．To stress the importance of water on Mars.
D．To suggest keeping skin from getting dry.
18．How did the researchers prove there is water on Mars
A．By sending out the spaceship to Mars.
B．By measuring the amount of salt on Mars.
C．By checking the materials collected from Mars.
D．By noticing the number of reflected radio waves.
19．What do scientists think of the future living on Mars
A．Comfortable. B．Hopeful. C．Disappointed. D．Uncaring.
20．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The Exploration of Energy on Mars B．The Situation of Living Things on Mars
C．The Explanation of The Climate on Mars D．The Discovery of Saltwater Lakes on Mars
（2026·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）根据短文内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。请在答题卡上用2B铅笔将你的选项所对应的方框涂黑
Sugar is a sweet thing that is used to cook food and can make drinks sweet. And it is loved by most people. But not all sugar is healthy to us.
Naturally produced sugar, for example in fruit, is considered healthy. However, refined (精制的) sugar is not healthy and is added to many processed (加工过的) foods to make them taste better. To people’s surprise, this refined sugar can be found in many delicious foods like bread. Besides that, refined sugar has no value to our health and offers empty calories (卡路里). It also has no fiber (纤维素), unlike the natural sugar in fruit, so it is easy to eat a lot. Too many calories lead to putting on more weight. Too much sugar will also harm our teeth and we even get some diseases in our later life.
So what can we do about too much sugar, especially the hidden sugar in our diet It seems that we can get some help from the government. It should regulate (控制) the amount of sugar that companies can add to foods. Next, schools should tell students about the health problems of eating too much sugar. What’s more, it is necessary for students to eat more vegetables and fruit with less sugar.
Although sugar is delicious, it still puts our future health at risk. It is important for young people to know about the danger of eating too much sugar.
21．Why is refined sugar added to many foods
A．To make the foods fresher.
B．To make the foods healthier.
C．To make the foods more delicious.
22．How is fruit sugar different from refined sugar
A．It has fiber. B．It is processed. C．It’s easy to eat a lot.
23．According to the passage, which of the followings probably has refined sugar
A．Bread & cakes. B．Carrots & onions. C．Bananas & apples.
24．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Examples of healthy eating.
B．Ways to control sugar in our diet.
C．Reasons for adding sugar to many foods.
25．What is important for young people according to the passage
A．Eating no sugar. B．Eating more sugar. C．Eating proper sugar.
（2025·四川内江·中考真题）Many dry places around the world get very little rain. For people living there, finding water is difficult. Scientists in Chile have a fresh idea: collecting water from fog.
Fog is like a cloud near the ground. The scientists studied how to collect water from fog using large mesh (网) screens. When fog passes through these meshes, tiny water drops stay on them. The water then slowly falls into big containers (容器) below. This method is cheap and easy for dry areas.
The scientists tested this in a desert town. This town gets only 5 mm of rain each year. Now, trucks send drinking water to the town every week. But a scientist said fog collecting could change this. “Fog water is free and clean,” she explained. She called it “a useful water source” and said “water from clouds” might help cities fight climate problems. “We don’t need to wait for rain anymore,” she added.
In Chile, some towns already use fog water. A local teacher shared, “Before, our students carried water to school. Now, the meshes give us some water every day. The children don’t have to carry heavy bottles.”
However, the meshes need care. Strong winds can break them, leaving large holes on them. This will greatly reduce their ability to collect water. Therefore, people need to check them quite often.
One of the scientists said this method could help towns in dry areas get clean water easily. “It gives hope to dry places,” she added. With fog meshes, life in these towns will become better.
26．What did the scientist call “a useful water source”
A．The cloud. B．The truck. C．Rain water. D．Fog water.
27．Why do people often check the meshes
A．To clean them. B．To design them. C．To repair them. D．To spread them.
28．Where can we read this text
A．In a diary. B．In a newspaper. C．In a storybook. D．In a travel magazine.
29．Which of the following can be a suitable title for this text
A．A creative idea to reuse water B．A fresh way to collect water
C．A new plan to send drinking water D．A good method to use rain water
（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Deserts may seem lifeless, but in fact, many kinds of living things have developed special ways to live in the hard environments. You may think that there are no people living in desert areas. But actually, more than one billion people, one-sixth of the Earth’s population, live there.
So what is a desert Deserts cover more than one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, and they are found on every continent (洲). A place that receives less than 25 cm of rain every year is considered a desert. Only about 20% of deserts are covered by sand. Some have mountains, rocks or lakes.
The largest hot desert in the world, northern Africa’s Sahara, even reached temperatures of up to 56℃. But some deserts are always cold, like the Gobi Desert in Asia and the Antarctic Ice Sheet (南极冰盖), which is the world’s coldest. The coldest recorded temperature there is -89℃. The driest desert Chile’s Atacama Desert has parts that receive less than 2 mm of rain a year.
Desert animals have their own ways to keep cool and use less water. Camels can go for weeks without water. Many desert animals spend much of their time underground to keep cool. Desert plants may have to live without fresh water for years at a time. Some plants grow long roots (根) that get water from deep in the Earth. Other plants have roots that spread out a long way so they can take in the rain as soon as it falls, such as cactuses (仙人掌).
Life is hard in the desert for animals and plants. But they’ve got used to the life there.
30．Which writing skill is used in Paragraph 2
A．Listing numbers. B．Giving reasons. C．Telling stories. D．Asking questions.
31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Few people live in desert areas.
B．All deserts are covered by sand.
C．There are deserts on all continents.
D．The Gobi Desert in Asia is very hot.
32．Compared with the Sahara Desert, what is the Atacama Desert like
A．Hotter and wetter. B．Hotter and drier. C．Colder and wetter. D．Colder and drier.
33．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．How camels and cactuses stay cool in the high temperatures.
B．How desert animals and plants survive the hard environments.
C．Why desert animals and plants can live without fresh water.
D．Why the hot and dry weather has no influence on desert lives.
34．Where can you probably find this passage
A．A history book. B．A tourist guidebook.
C．A science fiction novel. D．A geography magazine.
（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Kids are natural inventors. They often create amazing things from simple ideas. Here are a few examples.
Popsicles Popsicles were invented by 11-year-old Frank Epperson. One cold winter night in 1905, he forgot his drink with a stick (棒) in it outside. The next day, it turned into ice. Surprisingly, it tasted good! These delicious ice sticks became popular among kids in summer to stay cool. Popsicles are still one of the best summer treats today!
Earmuffs Chester Greenwood, who was born in 1858, loved ice-skating, but his ears couldn’t stand the cold. In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented! Soon, they became popular.
Wristies 10-year-old Kathryn Gregory created the first pair of Wristies as snow got in her mittens (连指手套) and her hands got wet. Wristies are long gloves with no fingers. When you work in the cold, your hands stay warm while you use your fingers. Kathryn also started a business with her parents’ help. She still runs it today.
Braille Louis Braille was blind in both eyes. In 1819, he attended a school for blind children. There, he learned a special reading system. But he found it still hard to write. When he turned 15, he created Braille by making a few changes to a system used by soldiers. Today, people with eye problems still use Braille to read and write.
35．In which season did Frank Epperson invent Popsicles
A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter.
36．Why did Chester Greenwood invent earmuffs
A．To make money. B．To keep his ears warm.
C．To keep his hands dry. D．To make a gift for his parents.
37．What can we learn about Louis Braille
A．He couldn’t go to school. B．He could only see with his left eye.
C．He couldn’t read at school. D．His invention is useful to the blind.
38．Who finished his/her invention at the youngest age
A．Frank Epperson. B．Chester Greenwood. C．Kathryn Gregory. D．Louis Braille.
39．Which of the following is TRUE about the four inventions
A．Wristies were invented to keep ears warm.
B．Louis Braille invented the system in 1819.
C．Chester got the idea of earmuffs when ice-skating.
D．Kathryn started a business with her grandmother’s help.
（2025·广东深圳·中考真题）Chimpanzee: Our Closest Relative in the Wild
Chimpanzee is the animal most like humans, so studying them in the wild gives scientists insight into the origins of our own social behaviour, our communication, and now, how we care for one another.
The wound care of chimpanzees involves various techniques: directly licking the wound to remove debris and potentially adding antibiotic compounds in the saliva; pressing the wound after licking their fingers; patting with leaves; and chewing plant leaves and applying the juice to the wound. These actions show that chimpanzees have a high level of intelligence and social care.
Scientists have observed that chimpanzees not only care for their own wounds but also help other group members treat injuries. For example, a young chimpanzee was seen helping an older one clean a deep wound on its arm. This kind of behaviour is similar to human medical care, which surprised many researchers.
In a 10-year study in the Congo Basin, Dr. Jane Goodall found that chimpanzees can learn new skills from each other. They can use sticks to get termites from their nests, and this skill is passed down from older chimpanzees to younger ones. This shows that chimpanzees have the ability to learn and teach, just like humans.
Dr. Freeman, a primatologist, said, “Chimpanzees’ social behaviour and learning ability remind us that we are not the only intelligent species on Earth. We should respect and protect them.” Due to deforestation and hunting, the number of wild chimpanzees has dropped by 60% in the past 30 years. Scientists are working hard to protect their habitats and stop illegal hunting.
40．Why do scientists study wild chimpanzees
A．Because they are easy to catch and raise in zoos.
B．Because they can help scientists develop new medicines.
C．Because they are humans’ closest relatives and reveal human evolution.
D．Because they have a simple social structure that is easy to research.
41．Which is NOT a wound care technique of chimpanzees
A．Licking the wound to remove debris. B．Pressing the wound after licking fingers.
C．Using man-made medicine to treat wounds. D．Patting the wound with leaves.
42．What does the example of the young chimpanzee helping the older one show
A．Chimpanzees have social care for group members.
B．Chimpanzees only care about their own wounds.
C．Young chimpanzees are better at wound care than older ones.
D．Chimpanzees’ wounds are usually caused by fighting.
43．What ability of chimpanzees is shown in Dr. Goodall’s study
A．They can learn new skills from each other. B．They can talk with humans through gestures.
C．They can make tools to hunt large animals. D．They can predict natural disasters.
44．What does Dr. Freeman mean by his words
A．Chimpanzees are more intelligent than humans.
B．Humans should protect chimpanzees and their habitats.
C．Chimpanzees will soon disappear from the wild.
D．Learning from chimpanzees can improve human medical care.
（2025·四川宜宾·中考真题）Do you know potatoes can be turned into rice In Yunnan, China, a factory makes special rice from potatoes. The factory uses new technology to change potatoes into small rice-like pieces.
China is one of the largest potato producers in the world. Potatoes, as well as wheat, rice and corn, are among the most important crops in China. However, potatoes have much water inside. If the correct ways can’t be found to keep them, they will go bad easily. It leads to tons of waste. Potato rice technology can help keep potatoes longer and reduce waste.
There are many advantages of potato rice. First, it keeps 90% of potato nutrition (营养) and has 27% more protein (蛋白质) than normal rice. Second, it hardly raises blood sugar. Speaking of buying rice, it is usually the first choice for people who want to control their blood sugar. What’s more, it’s easy to cook because there is no need to wash it. When people cook it, they can use less water. Potato rice cooks faster than normal rice.
However, every coin has two sides. Although potato rice has entered the market, it still has a long way to go. Potato rice is much more expensive than normal rice because the factory needs 2.5 tons of potatoes to produce 1 ton of potato rice. It costs 33 yuan every kilo, but normal rice costs only 4-6 yuan every kilo.
Experts say that future research will pay more attention to reducing the costs and improving the taste.
45．What is the special rice made from
A．Wheat. B．Potatoes. C．Tomatoes. D．Corn.
46．Who will most probably buy potato rice according to the passage
A．People who are losing weight. B．People with high blood sugar.
C．People who like eating potatoes. D．People with good cooking skills.
47．How is potato rice different from normal rice
A．It is cheaper. B．It needn’t be washed.
C．It has 90% more protein. D．It needs more water when cooking.
48．What will future research pay attention to
A．The sugar. B．The protein.
C．The cooking time. D．The costs and taste.
49．What is the main purpose of this passage
A．To learn about a factory in Yunnan. B．To talk about the price of potato rice.
C．To introduce a new kind of healthy food. D．To teach people how to cook potato rice.
（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Junk food is any unhealthy food that is high in fat, sugar and calories, but low in nutrition (营养), such as French fries, hamburgers, chips and colas. Such foods are often tasty, quick and convenient.
When teens come home from school, the first thing is mostly to unwind by sitting in front of the TV with a big bag of chips and a can of cola or any other sugar- filled drinks. They have unknowingly walked into the world of junk food, not realizing the danger. According to the research, teenagers who often have junk food may have serious metabolic diseases (新陈代谢疾病) in the future, overweight being one of them. So avoiding junk food is a must for them.
The study has also found compared with adults, teenagers today are more likely to eat junk food. Since lots of parents are busy with work and have no time to cook, teenagers are introduced to fast food at a young age, which makes it difficult for them to realize the importance of eating food for nutrition. Besides, everything is available so easily online, especially ordering junk food, which makes it a lot easier for them to live a not so healthy life. Once teenagers get the delicious taste of junk food, they are likely to keep on having it more often than home-made dishes.
___________ It all starts with parents. They should create an environment that helps protect their children’s health and also develop their right eating habits. These habits will turn into a healthy lifestyle, which in turn will help them in the long run to be better adults.
50．What do we know about junk food according to the passage
A．It is high in nutrition. B．It is low in fat, sugar and calories.
C．It is often delicious and convenient. D．It includes fried chicken, ice-cream and dumplings.
51．What does the underlined word “unwind” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Play. B．Relax. C．Wait. D．Learn.
52．How many reasons why teenagers prefer junk food are mentioned in paragraph 3
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
53．Which sentence can be put in ________
A．What can teenagers do to keep healthy
B．What harm could junk food bring to teenagers
C．Why should parents stop giving them junk food
D．What can be done to keep teenagers away from junk food
54．What can we learn from this passage
A．Teenagers go into the world of junk food by accident.
B．Teenagers who often eat junk food must have serious diseases.
C．Teenagers should firstly take action to change their eating habits.
D．Eating junk food is a must for teenagers because of their busy parents.
（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）China is a country with a long and rich history. It has many colorful holidays and festivals. The Double Second Festival is one of them. It is said that every year on the second day of the second lunar (农历的) month the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises its head. Because of this, the day is also called Longtaitou. This year, it fell on March 11.
Old people believed that after Longtaitou, there would be more rain. And rain is very important to farming. So Longtaitou was the start of spring and farming.
In ancient times, people had many ways to celebrate the festival. On the special day, people put ashes (灰烬) in the kitchen. They thought the dragon could be led into their houses that way. People believed that if the dragon went into their houses, they could have good luck all year round.
Nowadays, the most popular activity is to have a haircut. Many believe that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to their uncles, mainly their mother’s brothers. They hope getting a haircut on Longtaitou sweeps away bad luck.
People also have activities like dragon dancing on the day. In some places in Shandong Province, people make dragon lanterns, too. Small boats go down the rivers and carry the lanterns, which stand for people’s best wishes and good luck.
Among Chinese people’s festival traditions, there is always a place for food. During the festival, people eat food named after dragons. Noodles are called dragon’s beard (longxu). Dumplings are dragon’s ears (long’er). And spring rolls are dragon’s scales (longlin).
55．Which is NOT TRUE about the time of Longtaitou Festival
A．It fell on March 11 this year.
B．It’s on February 2 every year.
C．It comes on a different date every year.
D．It comes on the second day of the second lunar month.
56．What did old people think of Longtaitou
A．Spring Festival came to an end. B．The weather would become windy.
C．Farmers could start to work in the field. D．It was a good time to do some cleaning.
57．Why do people get haircuts on Longtaitou
A．It may bring more rain.
B．It may help their hair grow faster.
C．It’s believed it will bring bad luck to their uncles.
D．It’s believed it will keep bad luck away from them.
58．The following activities are mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A．making dragon lanterns B．having a haircut
C．doing dragon dancing D．sweeping ashes in the kitchen
59．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the story
A．To introduce a traditional festival. B．To tell people how to avoid bad luck.
C．To explain Longtaitou’s influence on farming. D．To introduce food and activities on Longtaitou.
（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）A new study suggests that roosters can recognize themselves in a mirror (镜子).
Scientists use the “mark test” to test whether an animal can recognize itself. A mark is put on an animal, usually in a spot that can only be seen in a mirror. Then the animal is allowed to look in a mirror. If the animal seems to pay attention to the mark, scientists believe the animal has recognized itself.
The list of animals who can recognize themselves in a mirror isn’t long. The skill has mainly been found in animals with large brains, like dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants. Until recently, only one kind of bird had passed the test.
Scientists at the University of Bonn in Germany recently ran the mark test on roosters. They put a pink triangle (三角形) on the chests of the roosters. But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark.
The scientists then needed a different way to test whether the roosters could recognize themselves.
When there’s danger—like a hawk (鹰) flying above—roosters make loud calls to warn nearby chickens. But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them.
The scientists realized that they could use the shadow (影子) of a hawk to test whether or not the roosters thought they were alone—even when they could see “another” chicken in a mirror.
First, the scientists let the roosters spend time getting used to being in a closed-in space and having a mirror around. Then, they ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above a rooster and watching how it reacted. When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. It called out when it was near another rooster (Picture ▲ ), but remained quiet when it was alone. But when a rooster was in a space where it could see itself in the mirror, it wasn’t fooled into thinking there was another rooster. It remained silent under the hawk shadow. It did this even if there was a rooster hidden behind the mirror.
The scientists say the results show that the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters.
60．What is the purpose of the “mark test”
A．To test a bird’s ability to fly. B．To measure an animal’s brain size.
C．To see if an animal can recognize itself. D．To compare different animals’ intelligence.
61．What does the underlined word “them” refer to
A．Hawks. B．Roosters. C．Chickens. D．Scientists.
62．Which of the following pictures can be put into ▲
A． B． C． D．
63．What can we infer from the passage
A．Roosters prefer to make no sounds when it faces danger alone.
B．Roosters are not as smart as dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants.
C．The mark test can exactly tell if an animal can recognize itself in the mirror.
D．When seeing its image in the mirror, the rooster thinks there’s another rooster.
（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Some students often complain about learning English takes up too much of their time.
Although they work hard, they still cannot get good grades on tests. “Why ” they always asks. “How can I enjoy success ” The story of Chinese astronaut Deng Qingming might help to answer their questions.
Deng became an astronaut trainee (后备人员) in 1998. Since then, he spent almost all of his time training hard to become an astronaut. During these years, Deng saw lots of trainees flying to space one after another. He, however, was always a trainee. He often felt sad. Sometimes, he even cried. But Deng never gave up.
Although he is in his fifties, he keeps training hard. “I must be ready whenever the chance comes to me,” he once said. Finally, on the night of November 29, 2022, his dream came true. He and two other astronauts flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship. Deng waited twenty-four years for this moment.
So, if you want to give up learning English, think about Deng’s story. Your work might not pay quickly. Be patient, please. You don’t need to worry. Try to improve your ways and keep going. One day, success will knock at your door.
64．What do students often complain
A．Learning English takes up much of their time.
B．They cannot become an astronaut.
C．Their dreams can’t come true.
65．When did Deng become an astronaut
A．In 1998. B．In 2022. C．In 2012.
66．How did he feel when he saw lots of trainees flying in space without him
A．Sad. B．Worried. C．Happy.
67．How many astronauts flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
68．How long had he been an astronaut trainee before he flew into space
A．Twenty-four years. B．Twenty years. C．Fifteen years.
（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）On February 3rd, 1949, New York Harbor (港) was an exciting place. Many people were there to greet a ship from France. On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars (火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America. These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci, a French word meaning “thank you”).
After World War Ⅱ (二战), a lot of factories, roads and farms in France had been destroyed.
Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat. In the winter of 1947, a train was sent across the United States, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave clothing and medicine. Farmers gave food. Families gave money. Even schoolchildren gave away their pocket money (零用钱). All the things were then taken to France by ship.
By 1949, the French had begun to recover (恢复) from the war. The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America. French people had filled the boxcars with gifts. Most of them were personal, like hand-made toys, children’s drawings, or postcards. But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts. On each car, the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces, with an American eagle (鹰) on the front. The boxcars were taken to each state of America, where they were warmly greeted.
Now many of the states still keep their boxcars. Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums. The Merci Train came out of the war, but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace.
69．Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd, 1949 to ________.
A．welcome the Merci Train B．meet their family C．have a big party
70．In 1947, a train stopped in cities across America in order to ________.
A．give away clothing and food
B．get more soldiers for the war
C．collect things to help French people
71．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to (指) ________.
A．the American people B．the French people C．the gifts
72．The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because ________.
A．they thought France was stronger than America
B．it could show the friendship between the two countries
C．the boxcars would be more beautiful
73．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the story of the Merci Train
B．American museums where the boxcars are kept
C．gifts that American people liked
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
《专题06 阅读理解（说明文）15篇【真题解码】2024-2026三年中考英语真题分类汇编》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C C C B C C B C C A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C A B D D C A D B D
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C A A B C D C B B A
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 C D B D D B D C C C
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 C A A B B B B D C C
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 B C D A B C D D A C
题号 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
答案 B B A A B A B A A C
题号 71 72 73
答案 C B A
1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了制作薯片的材料、步骤和调味建议。
【详解】1．文章“How to do”部分列出了四个步骤（First, Second, Third, Finally），说明需要4个步骤。
2．文章第一步“heat the oven for 5 minutes”和第四步“cook for 15 minutes”，总共20分钟，说明烤箱总共工作20分钟。
3．文章最后一步是“put the baking tray into the oven and cook for 15 minutes”，说明最后一步是把烤盘放入烤箱烤制。
4．文章“Tips”部分指出“add some salt, honey or pepper”，其中honey是甜的，说明喜欢甜味可以加蜂蜜。
5．文章第一段指出“Do you want to watch TV at home...a bag of potato chips will make it more enjoyable.”，说明人们通常在家看电视时吃薯片。
6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四种中国传统文化：民间音乐、围棋、书法和国画，分别说明了它们的特点和历史。
【详解】6．文章提到了Chinese Folk Music、Weiqi、Chinese Handwriting、Chinese Painting四种传统文化，直接说明文中提到了四种。
7．文章“Weiqi”部分指出“It was introduced to Korea about 2,000 years ago.”，直接说明围棋大约在2000年前传入韩国。
8．文章“Chinese Handwriting”部分指出“It is a special art of Asian culture.”，直接说明中国书法是亚洲文化的一种特殊艺术。
9．文章“Chinese Painting”部分指出“The most famous one is about mountains and water.”，直接说明最著名的国画是关于山水的。
10．文章“Chinese Folk Music”部分指出“Shijing, has some folk songs from 15 different areas.”，直接说明《诗经》中的民歌来自不同地区。
11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国学生为帮助交换生学习中国古诗而成立的“诗会”俱乐部，通过趣味卡片、鼓点节奏等方式，让古诗学习变得有趣，并促进了中外学生之间的文化交流。
【详解】11．由第一段“For most foreign teenagers, learning Chinese poems could be boring”可知，大多数外国青少年认为学习中国古诗是无聊的。
12．根据第二段内容，中国学生准备了“fun cards”（趣味卡片），随后提到“Cards about... were popular.”，紧接着说“They helped the exchange students...”。“They”指代的是帮助交换学生理解诗歌的“卡片”。
13．由第三段“they used simple instruments like drums to experience the rhythm of the poems”和Alice的话“When I play the drums to a Tang poem, I can hear the music hidden in the lines”可知，打鼓帮助学生们感受诗歌的节奏。
14．由第四段“Each character means a lot in poems. For example, 水 (shui) shows beauty, sweetness, and a smooth feeling”可知，作者用“水”作为例子是为了展示中国汉字丰富的含义。
15．文章主要讲述了通过“诗歌聚会”俱乐部，利用卡片、打鼓等有趣的方式帮助交换学生学习中国诗歌，强调了学习过程的趣味性。最后一段也总结道“learning poems can be fun for everyone”。因此“Fun with Chinese Poems”（中国诗歌之乐）最适合作为标题。
16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 火星地下咸水湖相关的科学研究与推论，研究证实火星地下存在咸水湖，数十亿年前火星曾温暖宜居，主流观点认为太阳风夺走了火星绝大多数水分，如今靠欧空局探测器的高反射率探测确认了地下储水，但高盐低温环境几乎无法留存生命，当下火星仍不适合居住。
【详解】16．根据第二段前一句“Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet...”可知，科学家不确定的是火星上的水发生了什么，因此代词it指代的是Mars。
17．第三段将火星表面水分流失比作风吹干湿润的皮肤（It is just like when we get our skin wet... the wind will finally dry us off），旨在通过类比生动地解释太阳风（solar wind）对火星水分流失的巨大影响，导致火星表面变得干燥。
18．根据第四段“Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity...”可知，科学家是通过发射无线电波并检测其反射率（reflected radio waves）来证明火星表面下存在水的。
19．文章最后一段“With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet.”提到火星目前不适宜居住，但科学家仍在探索火星宜居的可能性、坚持研究火星，说明对未来人类在火星居住仍抱有希望。
20．文章首段即点明主题“The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes...”，随后围绕火星咸水湖的发现、成因、探测方法及意义展开，因此“火星咸水湖的发现”是最合适的标题。
21．C 22．A 23．A 24．B 25．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了精制糖与天然糖的区别、精制糖对健康的危害，以及如何通过政府、学校和个人努力来控制糖的摄入。
【详解】21．根据第二段第二句“refined sugar is not healthy and is added to many processed foods to make them taste better”（精制糖不健康，被添加到许多加工食品中是为了让它们味道更好）可知，添加精制糖是为了让食物更美味。
22．根据第二段倒数第三句“It also has no fiber, unlike the natural sugar in fruit”（它也没有纤维素，不像水果中的天然糖）可知，精制糖没有纤维素，而水果中的天然糖含有纤维素。
23．根据第二段第三句“this refined sugar can be found in many delicious foods like bread”（这种精制糖可以在许多美味食物中找到，比如面包）可知，面包属于含精制糖的加工食品，蛋糕同理；而胡萝卜、洋葱、香蕉和苹果属于天然蔬果，含天然糖。
24．第三段首句提出“So what can we do about too much sugar... ”（那么对于过多的糖我们能做什么），随后列举了政府监管、学校教育和学生饮食调整等措施，主要讲述的是控制饮食中糖分的方法。
25．文章第二段提到天然糖是健康的，精制糖不健康；最后一段强调年轻人要知道吃太多糖的危险。因此并不是完全不吃糖，也不是多吃糖，而是应该摄入适量且健康的糖，即吃适当的糖（Eating proper sugar）。
26．D 27．C 28．B 29．B
【导语】本文介绍智利科学家利用雾中网幕收集雾气取水，为干旱地区提供清洁水源，同时提及网幕需要日常维护。
【详解】26．第三段介绍：“‘Fog water is free and clean,’ she explained. She called it ‘a useful water source’”，科学家把雾气收集到的水称作有用的水资源。
27．第五段说明：“Strong winds can break them, leaving large holes on them”，大风会损坏网幕影响集水，人们需要时常检查并修补。
28．通读全文可知，全文科普干旱地区新型取水方式，属于科普时事内容，这类文章常出现在报纸中。
29．首段点明主旨：“collecting water from fog”，文章围绕从雾气中收集淡水的新方法展开，最佳标题为“A fresh way to collect water”。
30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了沙漠的相关知识，包括沙漠的定义、分布、温度、动植物生存方式等，最后说明沙漠动植物已适应艰苦环境。
【详解】30．第二段提到：“Deserts cover more than one-fifth of the Earth’s land area”，“less than 25 cm of rain every year”以及“Only about 20% of deserts”，这直接说明了第二段运用了列数字的写作手法。
31．第二段提到：“they are found on every continent”，这直接说明了各大洲都有沙漠。
32．第三段提到：“…Sahara, even reached temperatures of up to 56℃”以及“The driest desert Chile’s Atacama Desert has parts that receive less than 2 mm of rain a year”，撒哈拉沙漠是世界最大的热沙漠，最高温可达56℃，阿塔卡马沙漠是世界最干旱的沙漠，年降雨量不足2mm，整体温度远低于撒哈拉沙漠，因此相比撒哈拉，阿塔卡马更冷更干旱。
33．第四段提到：“Desert animals have their own ways to keep cool and use less water”和“Desert plants may have to live without fresh water for years at a time”，这直接说明了第四段主要讲述沙漠动植物如何在艰苦环境中生存。
34．全文围绕沙漠的地理特征、气候、动植物生存展开介绍，这直接说明了本文可能出自地理杂志。
35．D 36．B 37．D 38．C 39．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个由儿童发明的物品，强调了孩子们天生的创造力和发明能力。
【详解】35．第一行提到“One cold winter night in 1905...”，这直接说明了弗兰克·埃珀森是在冬天发明了棒冰。
36．第二行提到“but his ears couldn’t stand the cold. In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented!”，这直接说明了切斯特·格林伍德发明耳罩是为了让耳朵保暖。
37．第四行提到“Today, people with eye problems still use Braille to read and write.”，这直接说明了路易·布莱叶的发明对视力障碍人士很有用。
38．第一行提到“Popsicles were invented by 11-year-old Frank Epperson.”，弗兰克·埃珀森11岁发明棒冰；第二行提到“Chester Greenwood, who was born in 1858...In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented!”，切斯特·格林伍德15岁发明耳罩；第三行提到“10-year-old Kathryn Gregory created the first pair of Wristies...”，凯瑟琳·格雷戈里10岁发明无指长手套；第四行提到“When he turned 15, he created Braille...”，路易·布莱叶15岁发明盲文，综合比较凯瑟琳·格雷戈里发明时年龄最小。
39．第二行提到“Chester Greenwood, who was born in 1858, loved ice-skating, but his ears couldn’t stand the cold. In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented!”，这直接说明了切斯特是在滑冰时有了发明耳罩的想法。
40．C 41．C 42．A 43．A 44．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了黑猩猩作为人类在野外最亲近的物种，其伤口护理、互助行为、学习与传授技能的能力，以及它们面临的生存危机和保护呼吁。
【详解】40．第一段“Chimpanzee is the animal most like humans, so studying them in the wild gives scientists insight into the origins of our own social behaviour, our communication, and now, how we care for one another.”说明黑猩猩是与人类最相似的动物，研究它们能帮助科学家了解人类社会行为、交流等的起源，揭示人类进化相关的信息。
41．第二段“directly licking the wound to remove debris and potentially adding antibiotic compounds in the saliva; pressing the wound after licking their fingers; patting with leaves; and chewing plant leaves and applying the juice to the wound.”说明黑猩猩的伤口护理技术包括舔舐伤口、按压伤口、用叶子拍打、咀嚼植物叶子敷汁液，并未提及使用人造药物。
42．第三段“Scientists have observed that chimpanzees not only care for their own wounds but also help other group members treat injuries. For example, a young chimpanzee was seen helping an older one clean a deep wound on its arm. This kind of behaviour is similar to human medical care”说明年轻黑猩猩帮助年长黑猩猩处理伤口的例子，体现了黑猩猩对群体成员的社会关怀。
43．第四段“Dr. Jane Goodall found that chimpanzees can learn new skills from each other.”说明黑猩猩能够互相学习新技能。
44．最后一段“‘Chimpanzees’ social behaviour and learning ability remind us that we are not the only intelligent species on Earth. We should respect and protect them.’ ... Scientists are working hard to protect their habitats and stop illegal hunting.”表明，Freeman博士的话意在呼吁人类尊重并保护黑猩猩及其栖息地。
45．B 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国云南一家工厂用土豆制成的特殊大米，包括其制作原因、优点、缺点以及未来研究方向，最后强调了这是一种新的健康食品。
45．第一段提到“In Yunnan, China, a factory makes special rice from potatoes.”，这直接说明了特殊的大米是由土豆制成的。
46．第三段提到“Speaking of buying rice, it is usually the first choice for people who want to control their blood sugar.”，这直接说明了高血糖的人最有可能购买土豆大米。
47．第三段提到“What’s more, it’s easy to cook because there is no need to wash it.”，这直接说明了土豆大米与普通大米不同之处在于它不需要洗。
48．最后一段提到“Experts say that future research will pay more attention to reducing the costs and making the taste better.”，这直接说明了未来研究将关注成本和口味。
49．文章主要介绍了土豆大米这种新的健康食品，所以本文的主要目的是介绍一种新的健康食品。
50．C 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了垃圾食品的定义、危害以及青少年容易接触垃圾食品的原因，并提出了父母应帮助孩子养成健康饮食习惯的建议。
50．细节理解题。根据“Junk food is any unhealthy food that is high in fat, sugar and calories, but low in nutrition (营养), such as French fries, hamburgers, chips and colas. Such foods are often tasty, quick and convenient.”可知，垃圾食品通常美味且方便。故选C。
51．词义猜测题。根据“When teens come home from school, the first thing is mostly to unwind by sitting in front of the TV with a big bag of chips and a can of cola or any other sugar-filled drinks.”可知，青少年放学后第一件事是通过看电视和吃零食来放松。因此“unwind”意为“放松”。故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，提到了三个原因：父母忙于工作没时间做饭、网上订餐方便、青少年喜欢垃圾食品的味道。故选C。
53．推理判断题。根据后文“It all starts with parents. They should create an environment…”可知，此处应填入与如何让青少年远离垃圾食品相关的句子，选项D符合。故选D。
54．细节理解题。根据“They have unknowingly walked into the world of junk food, not realizing the danger.”可知，青少年是不经意间陷入垃圾食品的世界。故选A。
55．B 56．C 57．D 58．D 59．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统节日“二月二，龙抬头”，在这一天人们的一些活动等。
【详解】55．细节理解题。根据“It is said that every year on the second day of the second lunar month the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises its head. Because of this, the day is also called Longtaitou. This year, it fell on March 11.”可知，龙抬头是农历的二月初二，因此每年的日期都不一样，今年在3月11日。故选B。
56．细节理解题。根据“Old people believed that after Longtaitou, there would be more rain. And rain is very important to farming. So Longtaitou was the start of spring and farming.”可知，老人们认为龙抬头是春天和农业的开始。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据“Many believe that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to their uncles, mainly their mother’s brothers. They hope getting a haircut on Longtaitou sweeps away bad luck.”可知，人们认为在二月二剪头发能祛除霉运。故选D。
58．细节理解题。根据“On the special day, people put ashes (灰烬) in the kitchen.”“Nowadays, the most popular activity is to have a haircut.”和“People also have activities like dragon dancing on the day. In some places in Shandong Province, people make dragon lanterns, too. ”可知，在这一天，人们会把灰烬放在厨房里、剪头发、舞龙并放龙灯，而不是在厨房里扫灰，故选D。
59．主旨大意题。根据“China is a country with a long and rich history. It has many colorful holidays and festivals. The Double Second Festival is one of them.”可知，本文旨在介绍“二月二，龙抬头”这一中国传统节日。故选A。
60．C 61．B 62．B 63．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了公鸡是否能够通过镜子识别自己。科学家通过“标记测试”发现公鸡在镜子中看到自己时，并没有被欺骗，而是意识到镜中的影像是自己，而不是另一只公鸡，这表明公鸡具有一定的自我识别能力。
60．细节理解题。根据“Scientists use the ‘mark test’ to test whether an animal can recognize itself”可知“标记测试”是用来测试动物是否能够识别自己在镜子中的影像的。故选C。
61．词义猜测题。根据“But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them.”可知公鸡只有在其他鸡能听到的情况下才会发出叫声，如果它们是独自一个，它们会保持安静，这样鹰就看不见它们了，故此处them指代“公鸡”。故选B。
62．推理判断题。根据“When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. It called out when it was near another rooster”可知当没有镜子时，公鸡在靠近另一只公鸡时会发出警报声，选项B符合。故选B。
63．推理判断题。根据“But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them.”可知公鸡在独自面对危险时会选择保持安静，以免被猎鹰发现。故选A。
64．A 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．A
【导语】本文主要通过中国航天员邓清明的故事，鼓励学生在学习英语时保持耐心和坚持。
64．细节理解题。根据“Some students often complain about learning English takes up too much of their time.”可知，学生抱怨的是学习英语占用时间过多。故选A。
65．细节理解题。根据“Finally, on the night of November 29, 2022, his dream came true.”可知，邓清明成为航天员的时间是2022年。故选B。
66．细节理解题。根据“He often felt sad. Sometimes, he even cried.”可知，他看到其他学员飞入太空时的感受是悲伤的。故选A。
67．细节理解题。根据“He and two other astronauts flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship.”可知，他和另外两名航天员乘坐神舟十五号飞船飞入太空，即一共有三名航天员执行任务。故选B。
68．细节理解题。根据“Deng became an astronaut trainee in 1998.”可知，邓清明于1998年成为航天员后备人员，根据“Finally, on the night of November 29, 2022, his dream came true...Deng waited twenty-four years for this moment.”可知，邓清明成为航天员的时间是2022年，他为这一刻等待了24年，故他作为后备人员的时间是24年。故选A。
69．A 70．C 71．C 72．B 73．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了二战后，美国民众帮助法国民众，法国以“Merci Train (感恩列车)”向美国表达感谢的故事，体现了两国之间的友好情谊。
【详解】69．细节理解题。根据“Many people were there to greet a ship from France. On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars (火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America. These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci, a French word meaning ‘thank you’).”可知，人们欢迎火车的到来。故选A。
70．细节理解题。根据“In the winter of 1947, a train was sent across the United States, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave clothing and medicine. Farmers gave food. Families gave money. Even schoolchildren gave away their pocket money (零用钱) . All the things were then taken to France by ship.”可知，火车在美国各城市停靠是为了收集物资去帮助法国人民。故选C。
71．词句猜测题。根据“French people had filled the boxcars with gifts. Most of them were personal, like hand-made toys, children’s drawings, or postcards.”可知，法国人在车厢里装满了礼物，后面说大多数是私人物品，比如手工玩具、儿童画作或明信片，them指代的是the gifts。故选C。
72．推理判断题。根据“But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts. On each car, the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces, with an American eagle (鹰) on the front. The boxcars were taken to each state of America, where they were warmly greeted.”可推知，在车厢上画这些是为了展示两国之间的友谊。故选B。
73．主旨大意题。根据“Many people were there to greet a ship from France. On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars (火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America.”以及细读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Merci Train火车的故事。故选A。
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页

展开更多......

收起↑