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【暑假预习】外研社版本八年级上册Unit 3课文原文+翻译+语法
一、课文 1：A helping hand（阅读理解）
英文原文
1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work at a science fair. It was a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.
2 "Hello," said a girl with an artificial arm, as she shook hands with Easton's work.
3 This was the first time Easton met Jenny. She was born without an arm. Her artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost $80,000. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.
4 "It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300," thought Easton. "I must lend a hand to people like her."
5 After the fair, Easton's room became a lab. He stayed there all day. He always tried to improve his work. For his 16th birthday, Easton got a 3-D printer. And with it, he invented an artificial arm. It was able to move with brain signals of the user. But it wasn't good enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. It was too heavy for a child.
6 Easton kept working on it. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. And finally he hit on success at age 23. His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500!
7 Easton's invention has helped many children. He didn't want to make money from it. He decided to post his design online... for free! People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers!
8 What a helping hand!
中文翻译
1 14 岁学生伊斯顿 拉查佩尔在一场科学展上站在自己的作品旁。那是一只机械手臂，他用塑料积木和鱼线制作而成。
2 一位佩戴假肢的女孩一边和伊斯顿的机械臂握手，一边说道：“你好。”
3 这是伊斯顿第一次见到珍妮。她天生缺少一只手臂。她的假肢只是简易挂钩，却要花费 8 万美元。更糟糕的是，像她一样的孩子长得很快，需要不断更换新假肢。
4 伊斯顿心想：“这太让我震惊了！我做的机械臂只花了 300 美元。我一定要帮帮像她这样的人。”
5 展会结束后，伊斯顿的房间变成了实验室，他整日待在里面。他一直努力改进自己的作品。16 岁生日时，他得到一台 3D 打印机。借助这台设备，他造出了仿生假肢，能跟随使用者的大脑信号活动。但这款假肢仍有缺陷：重达 3.6 千克，对儿童来说太重了。
6 伊斯顿继续钻研，他乐于逐个解决难题。23 岁时，他终于取得成功。他设计的假肢仅重 0.5 千克，造价大约 500 美元！
7 伊斯顿的发明帮助了许多孩子。他并不打算靠这项发明牟利，决定把设计图纸免费上传到网上！所有人都能下载图纸，用自家的 3D 打印机制作仿生假肢。
8 这真是一双温暖的援助之手！
二、课文 2：The power of curiosity（读写拓展阅读）
英文原文
1 Albert Einstein once said, "I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious." The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity.
2 Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings from lightning.
3 Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a "flying chair". He lost his life while testing this invention. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example, and created safer ways to explore space.
4 But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move He spent years studying the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China's first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today.
5 As Jacques Cousteau said, "What is a scientist after all It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what's going on." Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world.
中文翻译
1 阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦曾说：“我并无特殊天赋，我只是满怀强烈的好奇心。” 如果没有好奇心，历史上所有伟大的发明都无从谈起。
2 好奇心能带来全新发现。本杰明 富兰克林就是最好的例子。他痴迷电，对电的本质充满强烈好奇，为此开展大量研究。比如，他曾在暴风雨中放风筝做实验。这份好奇心促使他发明了避雷针，这件发明能保护建筑物免受雷击损毁。
3 好奇心也能让人变得勇敢。明朝太空探索先驱万户便是例证。他对太空无比好奇，于是造出一把 “飞天椅”。他在测试这项发明时不幸丧生。尽管实验失败，他的好奇心却为后世探索者提供了灵感。后人从他的经历中汲取经验，研发出更安全的太空探索方式。
4 但好奇心不只是让人敢于冒险，它还能推动人朝着目标不断钻研。中国科学家、发明家张衡对世间万物充满好奇：天地间万物是如何运转的？他花费数年观测天象、研究大地，最终绘制出中国首张星图，发明了世界上第一台地动仪。他的好奇心至今仍影响着无数科研工作者。
5 雅克 库斯托曾说：“说到底，科学家是什么？就是一个透过大自然的锁孔，满心好奇、想要探寻万物真相的人。” 好奇心就是那把钥匙，为我们一扇接一扇打开大门，去探索全新的世界。
三、本单元核心语法：to-infinitive（to do 不定式）与 -ing（动名词）作宾语
1. 核心定义
动词不定式 to do、动名词 doing 都可以放在动词后充当宾语，但语义、搭配动词完全不同，是本单元必考语法。
2. 动词不定式 to do 作宾语
核心含义
表将来、计划、意愿、未发生的动作，强调 “想要 / 决定去做某事”。
只能接 to do 的高频动词（课本出现）
decide（决定）、try（努力）、want、hope、wish、plan、manage、promise、learn
课文例句
He always tried to improve his work.
他一直努力改进自己的作品。
Lily decided to design a new cup to help him.
莉莉决定设计一款新杯子帮助爷爷。
3. 动名词 doing 作宾语
核心含义
表习惯、经历、正在 / 已经完成的动作，强调 “做这件事本身”。
只能接 doing 的高频动词（课本出现）
enjoy（喜爱）、keep（持续）、finish、practice、avoid、mind、suggest
课文例句
He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.
他乐于一个接一个解决难题。
Grandpa loved using it.
爷爷很喜欢用这个杯子。
4. 易混动词：既可接 to do，也可接 doing，含义不同
动词 do to sth（含义） doing sth（含义）
try try to do 努力、试图做 try doing 试着做（测试方法）
forget forget to do 忘记要去做（没做） forget doing 忘记做过（已做完）
remember remember to do 记得要去做 remember doing 记得曾经做过
5. 固定规则补充
1.介词后面一律用 doing
例：think of doing、be good at doing、look forward to doing
2.本单元配套练习题典型填空示范
Lily's grandfather kept knocking his drinks over.
She decided to design a new cup.
Grandpa loved using it.
6. 语法总结口诀
to do 表打算、将来事；doing 表习惯、过往事。
决心计划希望愿，后面全部加 to do；
享受坚持练习完，介词后面用 doing。

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