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【暑假预习】外研社版本八上英语Unit 5课文原文 + 中文翻译 + 核心语法
一、主阅读课文：RULES（火车上的规则）
英文原文
1 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book.
2 Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise.
3 A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly! It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese.
4 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.
5 Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, "Come on, he's just a kid."
6 I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. Will they think me a fool if I do something I looked at the signs on the wall. They read "Please be quiet", "No smelly food" and "Please look after your children". Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow!
7 Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath and stood up...
中文翻译
1 忙碌了一天工作后，我坐上回家的火车。为了能安静看书，我走到静音车厢区域，坐下拿出了书。
2 突然，我对面的女孩用手机外放很大声的音乐，我大吃一惊，差点猛地站起来。
3 一分钟后，我旁边的男士拿出好几包食物，简直像在野餐。人固然要吃饭，但这些食物气味刺鼻难闻，我仿佛坐在一大堆蓝纹奶酪旁边。
4 我捂住耳朵，隔绝女孩外放音乐的噪音；又捂住鼻子，减轻刺鼻食物散发的异味。
5 这时我身后的小男孩开始踢我的座椅，我怒火上涌，脸涨得通红。我让他别再踢了，可他妈妈却说：“算了，他只是个小孩子。”
6 我转过身，想看看其他乘客的反应。大家看起来都很不满，但没人上前制止。我心想，如果我出面制止，别人会不会觉得我很较真？我看向墙上的标识：“请保持安静”“禁止食用气味浓烈的食物”“请看管好您的孩子”。所有人都清楚这些规则，规则不只是贴在墙上，更应该刻在心里，我们本就应当遵守规则！
7 一瞬间我鼓起勇气，深吸一口气站了起来……
二、补充短文 1：Letters to Story Aunt（遵守内心规则）
英文原文
Dear Story Aunt,
I'm writing to share a touching story. Yesterday, I left my flat to go to work. However, I found my favourite flowerpot broken. I picked up the pieces to clean up the mess. Then I saw a note. It was from a boy. He said he broke the flowerpot while playing basketball. He wrote the note to say sorry to me. He also left his phone number with some money. His honesty made me respect him. Telling the truth isn't always easy. However, he followed the rules in his heart.
I'm sharing my story to spread some happiness. In the story, we can see the kindness in small things.
Ms Yu, from Wenzhou
中文翻译
亲爱的故事阿姨：
我写这封信是想分享一件暖心的小事。昨天我出门上班，发现我心爱的花盆被打碎了。我捡起碎片清理残局，随后看到一张纸条，是一个小男孩留下的。他说自己打篮球时不小心打碎了花盆，特意写下纸条向我道歉，还附上了自己的手机号和赔偿的钱。他的诚实让我十分敬佩。说实话并不容易，但他坚守了内心的准则。
我分享这件事，是想传递这份温暖。这件小事里，藏着平凡人珍贵的善意。
温州 于女士
三、补充短文 2：Online guide Internet safety（网络安全守则）
英文原文
Are you safe online
Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream. Nowadays, the internet has made it a piece of cake! There are so many netizens, that is, citizens on the internet. We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. But the internet has also brought new risks. Here are the basic rules you need to know to stay safe online.
1 Keep personal information private.
Avoid posting personal information online. This includes your full name, address, phone number and school. Sometimes you may have to post this information. However, limit who sees it. Only people you know should see your information.
2 Be password smart!
To protect your online accounts, it's important to use a "strong and long" password. Don't use words that are easy to guess, like your birthday. Change it often and don't be careless.
3 Be aware of strangers.
Never meet online strangers in real life. Only chat online with trusted friends. Think twice before posting something online. Don't reply to any bad cyberbullying messages. Turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help.
中文翻译
你的网络生活安全吗？
回想二十年前，和远方的亲友实时聊天是一件遥不可及的事。如今互联网让这件事变得轻而易举！网络上有成千上万的网民，轻点屏幕我们就能联系到任何人，但网络也暗藏许多风险。下面是保障网络安全的基础准则。
1 保护个人隐私
不要在网上发布个人信息，包括全名、家庭住址、手机号、学校名称。若不得已需要填写，一定要设置查看权限，仅让熟人可见。
2 设置安全密码
想要保护网络账号，一定要设置复杂、长密码，不要用生日这类容易被猜到的内容。定期更换密码，切勿大意泄露。
3 警惕网络陌生人
绝对不要和网友线下见面，只和信任的朋友线上聊天。发布网络内容前三思而后行。收到网络欺凌、恶意消息不要回复，及时向父母、老师或其他可靠成年人求助。
四、本单元核心语法：动词不定式作目的状语（Infinitive of purpose）
1. 核心定义
动词不定式 to do 放在句中，用来表达动作的目的，翻译为 “为了……”，可以回答问句 Why... （为什么做这件事）。
2. 三种同义结构（课文全部出现）
结构 用法区别 课文例句
to do 最基础，可放句首 / 句末 I got on the train to go home. 我坐上火车回家。
in order to do 语气更强，句首、句末都能用 I went to a quiet area in order to read. 我去安静车厢为了看书。
so as to do 仅能放在句末，不能放句首 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell. 我捂住鼻子减轻异味。
3. 否定形式（必考）
in order not to do / so as not to do 意为 “为了不……”
例：Speak softly in order not to disturb others. 轻声说话，以免打扰别人。
4. 位置规则
1.放句末（最常用）：主语 + 谓语 +... + to do
He took a deep breath to calm down. 他深呼吸平复情绪。
2.放句首（强调目的）：To do, 主句（逗号隔开）
To stay safe online, we can’t share our phone number.
为了上网安全，我们不能泄露手机号。
5. 关键区分（Unit4 vs Unit5 不定式）
1.Unit4：to do 作宾语补足语（补充宾语的动作：ask sb to do /let sb do）
2.Unit5：to do 作目的状语（修饰整句话，说明 “做这件事为了什么”）
例：
I asked him to stop kicking the seat.（宾补，him 是宾语，to stop 补充 him）
I covered my ears to block noise.（目的状语，捂住耳朵的目的是隔绝噪音）
6. 课文原句语法举例
1.I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces.
我转过身，为了看看其他乘客的神情。（so as to 表目的）
2.He wrote the note to say sorry to me.
他写下纸条向我道歉。（to do 表目的）
3.In order to reduce the smell, I covered my nose.
为了减轻异味，我捂住了鼻子。（in order to 放句首强调）

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