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人教版七年级上册精讲巧练
Unit 4 My Favourite Subject
一、词法精讲巧练
（一）核心词汇分类梳理
1. 学科类名词
单词 词性 释义
biology n. 生物学-
IT (information technology) n. 信息技术-
geography n. 地理（学）-
history n. 历史；历史课-
maths n. 数学
Chinese n. 语文；中文
English n. 英语
art n. 美术；艺术
music n. 音乐
PE n. 体育
physics n. 物理
chemistry n. 化学
描述学科的形容词
单词 词性 释义 用法提示
boring adj. 乏味的；令人生厌的 修饰事物，表示“令人…的”
bored adj. 感到无聊的；厌倦的 修饰人，表示“感到…的”
useful adj. 有用的；有益的 由use+ful构成
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 修饰事物
excited adj. 感到兴奋的 修饰人
interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的 修饰事物
interested adj. 感到感兴趣的 修饰人
hard adj. 困难的；坚硬的 也可作副词意为“努力地”
difficult adj. 困难的
fun adj./n. 有趣的；乐趣
important adj. 重要的 → importance (n.) 重要性
special adj. 特别的
其他核心词汇
单词 词性 释义
reason n. 原因；理由-
number n. 数字；号码-
past n./adj./prep. 过去；过去的；在…之后-
wake v. 醒；唤醒
remember v. 记住；记得
4. -ed形容词与-ing形容词辨析
这是本单元词法中的重点与难点：
类型 结尾 描述对象 核心含义 记忆口诀
-ed形容词 -ed 人（感受者） 人“感到……的” 人用ed，表感受
-ing形容词 -ing 事物/人（引发感受的来源） 事物“令人……的” 物用ing，表令人
对比示例：
词对 含义 例句
excited / exciting 感到兴奋的 / 令人兴奋的 I am excited about the picnic. / The picnic is exciting.
bored / boring 感到无聊的 / 令人无聊的 She is bored with this game. / This game is boring.
interested / interesting 感到感兴趣的 / 令人感兴趣的 We are interested in English class. / English class is interesting.
tired / tiring 感到累的 / 令人累的 He is tired after hiking. / Hiking is tiring.
核心短语
短语 释义
favourite subject 最喜欢的学科
wake up 醒来
be late for 迟到
come on 快点
next class 下一节课
learn about 了解；学习
be good with 灵巧的；善于应付…的
help sb with 帮助某人做某事
be good at 擅长
work hard 努力工作
make sb + adj. 使某人…
all kinds of 各种各样的
in the future 将来；未来
work out 计算出；解决
the importance of …的重要性
on Tuesday mornings 在周二早上
（三）词法巧练
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1.My favourite subject is ________ (生物). It's very interesting.
2.________ (地理) is the study of the earth and its countries.
3.I don't like maths because it's ________ (困难的) for me.
4.English is very ________ (有用的) in our daily life.
5.The football game is very ________ (令人兴奋的). We all love it.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空（注意-ed与-ing形容词的区别）。
1.The story is very ________ (interest). All the children are ________ (interest) in it.
2.I feel ________ (bore) with this ________ (bore) game.
3.The news is ________ (excite). Everyone gets ________ (excite).
4.Maths homework is ________ (tire). I feel ________ (tire) after doing it.
5.This subject is very ________ (use). It is ________ (use) to us all.
三、选用方框中的短语填空。
wake up, be late for, learn about, work hard, be good at
1.Please ________! It's time to get up.
2.I want to ________ different countries in geography class.
3.Don't ________ school. The first class starts at 8:00.
4.My brother ________ maths. He always gets good grades.
5.If you want to improve your English, you must ________.
二、语法精讲巧练
（一）连词 and、but、because 的用法
本单元的核心语法项目是连词and、but、because的功能和用法。
1. because —— 表示“原因”
because + 句子（表示前因后果或前果后因），回答 Why 引导的问句：—Why do you like maths —Because it's interesting.
表达喜好原因：Ella doesn't like history because it's hard.
表达不喜欢的原因：Peter doesn't like maths because it's boring.
注意：because和so不能同时出现在同一个句子中（二者只用其一）。
Because maths is hard, so I don't like it.（错误）
Because maths is hard, I don't like it. 或 Maths is hard, so I don't like it.
2. but —— 表示“转折”
句子A + but + 句子B（前后意思相反或对比）
I like English, but I don't like maths.
I am not good at biology, but I still like it.
Sometimes it's difficult, but the teacher always helps us.
3. and —— 表示“并列/顺承”
句子A + and + 句子B（前后意思一致或顺承）
I have art and geography today.
We can read books and do homework there.
She loves those subjects too.
三个连词的功能对比
连词 功能 相当于 例句
because 表示原因 “因为” I like PE because it's exciting.
but 表示转折 “但是” I like maths, but my friend likes English.
and 表示并列/顺承 “和；而且” I have Chinese and maths first.-23
（二）询问与表达喜好的句型
1. 询问最喜欢的学科
—What's your favourite subject —My favourite subject is English.
—What subject do you like best —I like English best.
询问原因并作答
Why do you like + 学科
Why don't you like + 学科
—Why do you like PE —Because it's exciting.
—Why don't you like history —Because it's hard.
询问课程安排
—What classes do you have today —I have Chinese and maths.
4. 表达“认为…怎么样”
—What do you think of this subject —I think it's interesting.
—How do you like English —I like it very much.
（三）It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型
It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事是……的”
It's interesting to learn about the past. 了解过去是有趣的。
Sometimes it's difficult to remember all the information. 有时候很难记住所有的信息。
It's boring to have the same breakfast every day. 每天都吃同样的早餐让人厌倦。
（四）make的用法-
make + 人/物 + 形容词：使某人/某物……
The biology teacher makes the class very interesting. 生物老师使课堂非常有趣。
PE makes me feel excited.
make sb. do sth.让某人做某事
The teacher makes us work hard.
（五）语法巧练
一、用 and、but 或 because 填空。
1.I like English ________ it's very useful.
2.My favourite subject is PE ________ it's exciting
3.I have art ________ geography today.
3.Ella doesn't like history ________ it's hard for her.
4.I like maths, ________ my sister likes English.
5.Sometimes it's difficult ________ the teacher always helps us.
二、按要求完成句子。
1.My favourite subject is music.（对划线部分提问）
______________________________________________
2.I like biology because it's interesting.（对划线部分提问）
______________________________________________
3.I have Chinese and maths today.（对划线部分提问）
______________________________________________
4.Ella doesn't like geography because it's boring.（对划线部分提问）
______________________________________________
三、将下列句子翻译成英语。
1.你为什么喜欢体育？因为它令人兴奋。
______________________________________________
2.我最喜欢的学科是历史，因为它很有趣。
______________________________________________
3.今天你有什么课？我有语文和数学。
______________________________________________
4.了解过去是很有趣的。
______________________________________________
5.生物老师使课堂非常有趣。
______________________________________________
四、选择填空。
（ ）1.—________ is your favourite subject
—My favourite subject is English.
A. What B. Why C. How D. Where
（ ）2.—Why do you like maths
—________ it's very interesting.
A. But B. So C. Because D. And
（ ）3.I like art ________ music, but I don't like history.
A. but B. and C. because D. so
（ ）4.The movie is very ________. All of us are ________ in it.
A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested
C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting
（ ）5.—What do you think of this subject
—I think ________ very useful.
A. it B. its C. it's D. is
三、语音精讲巧练
（一）本单元语音重点
1. 双元音音素（三组）双元音由两个单元音组合而成，发音时口形从第一个音素向第二个音素滑动-。
双元音 发音要领 例词
/e / 先发/e/，再滑向/ /，口形由半开到合- name, make, late, great
/a / 先发/a/，再滑向/ / like, why, my, time
/ / 先发/ /，再滑向/ / boy, toy, enjoy
/ / 先发/ /，再滑向/ / no, go, know, so
/a / 先发/a/，再滑向/ / now, how, about
/ / 先发/ /，再滑向/ / here, near, idea
/e / 先发/e/，再滑向/ / there, where, care
/ / 先发/ /，再滑向/ / sure, poor
2. 连读现象
在英语语流中，辅音+元音常常连读：
What is your favourite subject
I have art and geography.
It's interesting to learn about the past.
3. 语调
特殊疑问句（What... Why... Where... ）：通常用降调
一般疑问句：通常用升调
选择疑问句：or前升调，or后降调
（二）语音巧练
一、判断下列单词中划线部分的发音，归类到对应的双元音音素下。
（name, like, boy, no, now, here, there, my, go, how, near, where, great, time, enjoy）
/e / /a / / / / / /a / / / /e /
二、朗读下列句子，注意连读和语调。
1.↘What is your favourite subject
2.↗Do you like maths
3.↘I like PE because it's exciting.
4.↘Why don't you like history
5.↗Is English useful or interesting （or前↗，or后↘）
四、语篇精讲巧练
（一）本单元语篇分析
本单元主题属于 “人与自我” 主题范畴，涉及子主题 “多彩、安全、有意义的学校生活”和 “自我认识、自我管理、自我提升” 。单元围绕Big Question “Why do we learn different subjects？” 展开。
本单元包含四个主要语篇：
语篇 类型 主要内容
语篇一 对话 Ella向Fu Xing抱怨不喜欢星期二（有历史课），认为历史很难；最喜欢数学，也喜欢美术和地理
语篇二 对话 Peter与Ms Gao的对话：当天有语文和数学，喜欢语文但不喜欢数学，最喜欢体育
语篇三 记叙文 介绍作者最喜欢星期四下午，因为喜欢生物课，生物老师使课堂有趣
语篇四 网络帖文 中国和加拿大两名初中生在网上发帖，交流各自学校本学期所学学科及喜欢的学科和原因
Section B语篇示例：
Section B呈现了来自中国和加拿大的两名初中学生在网络平台上的发帖，他们交流各自学校本学期所学学科，以及自己最喜欢的学科和原因-3。学生通过阅读并分析这两个帖子，提升对不同学科的理解，反思自己喜爱不同学科的原因-3。
语篇中运用的核心句型：
询问和表达喜好：What's your favourite subject / My favourite subject is...
询问和表达原因：Why do you like... / Because it's...
连词and、but、because的使用
-ed/-ing形容词描述感受
（二）阅读策略深度精讲
策略一：略读（Skimming）——抓主旨大意
操作方法（三步法） ：
看标题和首段：确定文章话题（如“My Favourite Subject”）。
读每段首句：串联出文章的脉络。
读结尾段：确认作者的整体态度。
本单元举例：快速阅读Ella和Peter的对话后，得出主旨：Ella和Peter分别谈论了他们
欢和不喜欢的学科及原因。
策略二：扫读（Scanning）——锁定细节信息
操作方法（三步法） ：
先看问题，圈出关键词（如学科名称、形容词）。
快速扫描，寻找学科名词和描述性形容词。
找到后仔细阅读，获取准确信息。
本单元举例：问题“What is Ella's favourite subject？”扫读时寻找“Ella”和“favourite”，找到：“Ella's favourite subject is maths.”
策略三：找中心句——把握段落核心
操作方法（两步法） ：
先读段首第一句，看是否概括全段。
如果第一句只是引子，跳到段末找总结句。
本单元举例：段落“I love Thursday afternoon. I have biology class then. Biology is very interesting. Our teacher makes the class fun. We learn about different animals and plants.”中心句是第一句“I love Thursday afternoon.”
策略四：利用思维导图——梳理结构信息
操作方法（四步法） ：
确定核心主题（写在中间，如“My Favourite Subject”）。
划分一级分支（如“Subjects”“Reasons”“Feelings”“Teachers”）。
添加二级细节。
用连词连接各部分。
本单元举例：
┌─ 喜欢的学科：maths, art, geography │ ┌─ Ella─────┼─ 不喜欢的学科：history │ │ │ └─ 原因：maths is fun; history is hard │My Favourite Subject │ ├─ Peter────┼─ 喜欢的学科：Chinese, PE │ │ │ └─ 原因：Chinese is interesting; PE is exciting │ └─ 我的观点 ── every subject is important
（三）语篇综合巧练
练习一：阅读理解
阅读下面短文，回答问题。
My name is Li Ming. I'm a student in Grade 7. My favourite subject is biology because it's very interesting. We can learn about different animals and plants in biology class. Our biology teacher, Mr Wang, is very kind. He makes the class fun and exciting. I also like PE because it makes me feel relaxed.
But I don't like history because it's hard for me to remember all the dates and names. Sometimes I feel bored in history class. My friend Zhang Wei likes history very much. He thinks it's useful to learn about the past. Every subject is important. We should work hard on all of them.
1.What is Li Ming's favourite subject
_______________________________________
2.Why does Li Ming like biology
_______________________________________
3.Why doesn't Li Ming like history
_______________________________________
4.What does Zhang Wei think of history
_______________________________________
5.What is the main idea of the passage
_______________________________________
练习二：综合策略实践
任务1：略读——用一句话概括下面语篇的主旨。
I love Thursday afternoon. I have biology class then. Biology is my favourite subject because it's very interesting. We learn about different animals and plants. Our teacher, Ms Li, makes the class very exciting. She always tells us interesting stories about nature. Sometimes it's difficult to remember all the information, but she always helps us. I also like the biology lab. We can do experiments there. I want to be a biologist in the future.
主旨：________________________________________________
任务2：扫读——快速回答：
（1）作者最喜欢的学科是什么？____________________________
（2）作者为什么喜欢这个学科？____________________________
（3）作者未来想成为什么？____________________________
任务3：找中心句——指出第二段（划线部分）的中心句。
任务4：画思维导图——画出本文的思维导图。
练习三：语篇仿写
根据本单元所学，用英语写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的学科（60词左右）。
写作提示（运用思维导图先构思） ：
1.你最喜欢的学科是什么？
2.你为什么喜欢它？（从科目内容、老师、个人兴趣等角度）
3.用because说明原因，用and/but连接信息
4.你从这个学科中学到了什么？
5.你未来想从事相关职业吗？
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
综合参考答案
词法巧练
一、 1. biology 2. Geography 3. hard/difficult 4. useful 5. exciting
二、 1. interesting; interested 2. bored; boring 3. exciting; excited 4. tiring; tired 5. useful; useful
三、 1. wake up 2. learn about 3. be late for 4. is good at 5. work hard
语法巧练
一、 1. because 2. because 3. and 4. because 5. but 6. but
二、
1. What is your favourite subject
2.Why do you like biology
3.What classes do you have today
4.Why doesn't Ella like geography
三、
1. Why do you like PE Because it's exciting.
2.My favourite subject is history because it's very interesting.
3.What classes do you have today I have Chinese and maths.
4.It's interesting to learn about the past.
5.The biology teacher makes the class very interesting.
四、 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C
语音巧练
一、
/e / /a / / / / / /a / / / /e /
name, great like, my, time boy, enjoy no, go now, how here, near there, where
语篇巧练
练习一：
1.Biology.
2.Because it's very interesting. He can learn about different animals and plants.
3.Because it's hard for him to remember all the dates and names.
4.He thinks it's useful to learn about the past.
5.Every subject is important and we should work hard on all of them.（意思对即可）
练习二：
任务1：作者喜欢星期四下午的生物课，因为有趣，老师很好，未来想成为生物学家。
任务2：（1）Biology （2）Because it's very interesting （3）A biologist
任务3：第一句“Biology is my favourite subject because it's very interesting.”
任务4：（参考导图）
┌─ Subject: biology │ ┌─ Favourite─┼─ Reason: very interesting │ │ │ └─ Teacher: Ms Li, makes class exciting │My Thursday Afternoon │ ├─ Content ── learn about animals, plants; do experiments │ └─ Future ── want to be a biologist
练习三（仿写范文，供参考）：
My Favourite Subject
My favourite subject is English. I like it because it's very useful and interesting. We can learn about different cultures in English class. Our English teacher, Ms Wang, is very kind. She makes the class fun and exciting. Sometimes it's difficult to remember all the new words, but she always helps us. I want to be an English teacher in the future. I think every subject is important, but English is my favourite.

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