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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教社八年级上册精讲巧练
Unit 1 Happy Holiday
本单元以“假期”为话题，从“假期活动描述”“假期感受表达”“假期经验反思”三个维度展开。依据2022年版课标三级目标，学生应能在日常交际中听懂并描述个人经历，能在语境中理解词汇和语法，具备初步的语篇意识和语用能力。语言知识涵盖语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用五个方面，强调在真实情境中综合运用。
第一部分 核心词汇精讲
一、假期活动类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句
travel v./n. 旅行 I love to travel during the summer.
camp v./n. 露营；营地 We camped near the lake.
hike v./n. 徒步 They hiked in the mountains.
explore v. 探索 We explored the ancient forest.
relax v. 放松 I just want to relax at home.
sightseeing n. 观光 We went sightseeing in the city.
巧练：用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.My family ______ (camp) by the river last weekend.
2.She enjoys ______ (hike) in the countryside.
3.We plan ______ (explore) the old town tomorrow.
二、假期地点类词汇
单词 词性 释义 单词 词性 释义
beach n. 海滩 resort n. 度假村
mountain n. 山脉 ancient adj. 古代的；古老的
forest n. 森林 landscape n. 风景；景色
museum n. 博物馆
巧练：根据句意及首字母提示填空。
1.There are many a______ buildings in this city.
2.The l______ here is really beautiful.
3.We went to the m______ to enjoy the fresh air.
三、感受与评价类词汇
单词 词性 释义 单词 词性 释义
fantastic adj. 极好的 boring adj. 无聊的
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 tiring adj. 累人的
memorable adj. 难忘的 strange adj. 奇怪的
巧练：从方框中选择合适的词填空。
fantastic, boring, exciting, tiring
1.The trip was so ______! I didn't enjoy it at all.
2.We climbed the mountain all day. It was very ______.
3.The water park was ______. We had so much fun!
4.The roller coaster ride was really ______.
第二部分 核心短语精讲
一、假期计划与活动类短语
短语 释义 例句
go on a trip 去旅行 We are going on a trip to Beijing.
go on holiday 度假 They will go on holiday in Guilin next week.
take photos 拍照 I took many photos during the trip.
try local food 尝试当地美食 We tried local food in the town.
have a picnic 野餐 They had a picnic by the lake.
go sightseeing 观光 We went sightseeing in London.
描述假期经历类短语
短语 释义 例句
have a great time 玩得很开心 I had a great time with my family.
have fun 玩得愉快 We had fun at the beach.
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 Did you enjoy yourself
巧练：完成句子。
1.我们计划下周去旅行。
We plan to ______ ______ ______ ______ next week.
2.我在假期拍了很多照片。
I ______ many ______ during the holiday.
3.他们在海边玩得很开心。
They ______ ______ ______ ______ at the seaside.
第三部分 核心句型精讲
一、询问假期计划
1.—1.What are you going to do for the holiday —I'm going to visit the beach.
2.—Where are you planning to go —I'm planning to go to the mountains.
3.—How do people spend their holidays
二、描述过去假期
1. —Where did you go on vacation —I went to the mountains.
2.—How was your holiday —It was fantastic!
3.—What did you do there —We hiked and explored the forest.
4.—How was your vacation —It was great!
三、表达感受
1.I really enjoyed... eg.I really enjoyed the local food.
2.It was so... eg. It was so exciting!
3.The weather was... eg.The weather was perfect.
巧练：按要求完成句子。
1.I went to the beach on vacation.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ you ______ on vacation
2.My holiday was fantastic.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ your holiday
3.我在那里参观了博物馆并拍了照片。（翻译成英语）
I ______ the museum and ______ photos there.
第四部分语法重点精讲
一、一般过去时
概念：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday、last week、two days ago 等时间状语连用。
构成形式：
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I visited my grandparents last weekend.
否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't go to school yesterday.
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you go to the park yesterday
动词过去式变化规则：
规则 示例
一般加 -ed look→looked, play→played
以不发音e结尾，加 -d live→lived, hope→hoped
重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed stop→stopped, plan→planned
以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加 -ed study→studied, carry→carried
不规则变化（需特殊记忆）：go→went, do→did, see→saw, have→had, eat→ate, take→took 等。
时间标志词：yesterday, last week/night/year, two days ago, in 2023 等。
易错点：否定句和疑问句中用 did，动词恢复原形。
She didn't went to the museum.
She didn't go to the museum.
巧练：用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.She ______ (visit) her grandparents last Sunday.
2.They ______ (not go) to the beach because it rained.
3.______ you ______ (see) anything interesting there
4.We ______ (have) a great time at the party yesterday.
5.He ______ (study) English for two hours last night.
二、复合不定代词
概念：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。由 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 -one, -body, -thing 连用构成。
-body（指人） -one（指人） -thing（指物）
some- somebody someone something
any- anybody anyone anything
no- nobody no one nothing
every- everybody everyone everything
用法要点：
1.some-类常用于肯定句；疑问句中希望得到肯定回答时也用。
2.any-类常用于否定句或疑问句；肯定句中表示“任何人/任何事”。
3.no-类表示全否定（nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anything）。
4.every-类作主语时谓语用单数。
形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置（如 something interesting）。
巧练：用合适的复合不定代词填空。
1.There is ______ wrong with my bike. Can you help me
2.Did you meet ______ interesting at the party
3.I'm hungry. I want ______ to eat.
4.______ is in the classroom. It's empty.
5.______ should obey the traffic rules.
三、一般将来时（be going to）
结构：am/is/are + going to + 动词原形
用法：表示计划或预测（如 I'm going to travel; It's going to rain）。
对比：will 表临时决定，be going to 表计划好的。
巧练：用 be going to 完成句子。
1.我们打算下周去露营。
We ______ ______ ______ ______ next week.
2.她打算尝试当地美食。
She ______ ______ ______ ______ local food.
3.他们打算假期去观光。
They ______ ______ ______ ______ during the holiday.
第五部分语篇重点精讲
一、本单元常见语篇类型
语篇类型 典型例子 主要时态 结构特点
游记/日记 假期日记、旅行记录 一般过去时 按时间先后（first / then / finally）叙述活动，结尾总结感受
私人信件/明信片 给朋友的信、明信片 一般过去时 + 现在时（表达现状） 开头问候 → 叙述经历 → 表达情感 → 结尾问候/期待
通知/计划 班级活动通知、假期安排 一般将来时 / be going to 列出时间、地点、活动、注意事项，语气简洁
个人叙述 难忘的假期经历 一般过去时 开头引入事件 → 经过（细节）→ 结尾感悟
二、. 语篇结构模板（以“游记”为例）
1.开头（Introduction）：交代时间、地点、人物、总体印象
Last summer, I went to Qingdao with my parents.
2.主体（Body）：按时间顺序描述具体活动，可分段
On the first day, we visited the beach. / The next morning, we went hiking. / In the evening, we had seafood.
3.结尾（Conclusion）：表达感受或收获
It was a wonderful trip. I learned a lot about sea life.
三、 语篇衔接与连贯手段
时间顺序词：first, then, next, after that, finally, later, soon
因果关系：because, so, as a result, therefore
转折关系：but, however, although, yet
并列/递进：and, also, besides, what's more
总结归纳：in a word, all in all, in short
四、时态在语篇中的选择原则
叙述过去发生的事 → 一般过去时（主旋律），辅以过去进行时（背景）
表达计划或未来安排 → 一般将来时 / be going to
表达个人感受或普遍看法 → 一般现在时
同篇中时态要保持一致，若讲述过去的经历，除非是直接引语或客观事实，否则尽量用过去时。
语篇巧练
练习1：语篇排序（理顺逻辑顺序）
将下列句子按合理顺序排列，组成一篇连贯的假期日记（只写字母序号）。
A. Finally, we returned to the hotel, tired but happy.
B. Then we went to the beach and swam in the sea.
C. We also tried some local seafood for lunch.
D. Last Sunday, my family and I went to the beach.
E. In the afternoon, we built a sandcastle and played volleyball.
F. First, we took a walk along the coast.
正确顺序： ______ → ______ → ______ → ______ → ______ → ______
练习2：选词填空（衔接词运用）
阅读下面语篇，从方框中选择合适的连接词填入空白处（每词限用一次，有两个多余）。
and， but, so , because, however , first , finally
I had a great holiday in Hangzhou. ______ (1), I visited the West Lake. It was very beautiful, ______ (2) I took many photos. ______ (3), I went to the tea plantation and learned about tea culture. I wanted to buy some tea, ______ (4) it was too expensive. ______ (5), I decided to buy some silk instead. ______ (6), I took a boat ride on the lake. That was the best part!
练习3：补全句子（语篇完整度训练）
读下面短文，从方框中选择合适的句子填入空白处（有两个多余选项）。
A. The weather was perfect for sightseeing.
B. We also bought some gifts for our friends.
C. We stayed there for two weeks.
D. We visited the Great Wall and the Forbidden City.
E. We didn't have enough time.
F. We went to Beijing for our holiday last year.
G. We were very tired but happy.
______ (1) We went there by train. ______ (2) On the first day, we went to Tian'anmen Square. ______ (3) The next day, we climbed the Great Wall. It was amazing! We also tasted Beijing duck. ______ (4) On the last day, we went shopping in Wangfujing Street. ______ (5) All in all, we had a fantastic time.
第六部分 综合能力提升
一、补全对话
A: Hi, Lucy! How was your summer holiday
B: 1. ______! I went to Beijing with my family.
A: That sounds great! 2. ______ did you go
B: We visited the Great Wall and the Forbidden City.
A: 3. ______ did you do there
B: We took many photos and tried delicious local food.
A: 4. ______ you enjoy yourself
B: Yes, I 5. ______. It was a memorable trip!
二、语法填空
题型说明：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1（假期经历类）
Last summer holiday, I（1） ______ (go) to a small village with my parents. We （2）______ (stay) there for five days. Every morning, we（3） ______ (take) a walk along the river. The landscape（4） ______ (be) so beautiful that we couldn't stop taking photos. We also（5） ______ (try) some local dishes, which were very delicious. One day, we（6） ______ (decide) to climb the mountain behind the village. It was a little （7）______ (tire), but we all felt excited when we reached the top. I really enjoyed （8）______ (me) there. （9）______ (something) unforgettable happened—we （10）_______（see） a rare bird. That made our trip even more special.
Passage 2（假期计划类）
Next month, my family（1） ______ (plan) to go on a holiday to Hainan. We（2） ______ (take) a plane there. My father has booked（3）______ hotel near the beach already. My mother says she（4） ______ (swim) in the sea every day. As for me, I （5）_____ (try) some water sports like surfing. We also want （6）______ (visit) the local market to buy some gifts. The weather there（7） ______ (be) warm and sunny, so we need to bring sunglasses. I'm sure we （8）______ (have) a great time. But before that, I （9）______ (finish) all my homework. （10）______ (everyone) in my family is looking forward to this trip.
三、书面表达
题型一：记叙文——描述一次假期经历
题目：假如你是李华，你的美国笔友 Tom 来信询问你去年暑假的经历。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：1.去了哪里，和谁一起；2做了哪些活动（至少两项）；3.你的感受和收获。
要求：词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出（不计入总词数），可适当发挥。
写作框架：
段落 内容要点 可用句型
开头（已给） 问候并引入话题 Thank you for your letter. I'm glad to tell you about...
主体段 ①地点与同伴
②具体活动（用过去时）
③感受与收获 I went to... with...
We visited... / We tried... / We took...
It was... because...
I learned that...
结尾（已给） 询问对方假期 What about your holiday Looking forward to...
Dear Tom,
Thank you for your letter. I'm glad to tell you about my summer holiday last year.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What about your holiday I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
题型二：应用文——假期计划（用将来时）
题目：暑假即将来临，你们班将组织一次为期三天的夏令营活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文通知，告知同学们活动安排。
活动地点：郊区的森林公园
主要活动：徒步、野餐、观星、篝火晚会
需要携带的物品：运动鞋、外套、水壶、相机
集合时间和地点：7月10日早上8点，学校门口
要求：词数70左右，格式正确，语言简洁。
写作框架：
部分 内容
标题 Notice / Summer Camp Plan
正文 ①活动时间、地点
②活动内容（用 be going to）
③物品清单
④集合信息
结尾 期待大家参加
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 核心词汇巧练答案
活动类：1. camped 2. hiking 3. to explore
地点类：1. ancient 2. landscape 3. mountains
感受类：1. boring 2. tiring 3. fantastic 4. exciting
第二部分 核心短语巧练
go on a trip 2. took, photos 3. had a great time
第三部分 核心句型巧练答案
Where did, go 2. How was 3. visited, took
第四部分 语法巧练
一般过去时：1. visited 2. didn't go 3. Did, see 4. had 5. studied
复合不定代词：1. something 2. anyone/anybody 3. something 4. Nobody/No one 5. Everyone/Everybody
be going to：1. are going to camp 2. is going to try 3. are going to go sightseeing
第五部分语篇精讲
练习1：D → F → B → C → E → A
（时间线索：D总起 → F first → B then → C also → E afternoon → A finally）
练习2：
1.First 2. so 3. Then 4. but 5. However 6. Finally
（注意：第4空表转折，填but；第5空也用转折，填However，因为前后有转折关系且前面已用了but，这里用However更自然）
练习3：
1.F 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B
（解析：F总起，C交代时长，D是第一天和第二天活动，A补充天气，B补充购物）
第六部分 综合能力提升
补全对话：1. It was fantastic 2. Where 3. What 4. Did 5. did
语法填空
Passage 1
1.went 2. stayed 3.took 4.was 5.tried 6.decided 7.tiring 8.myself 9.Something 10.saw
Passage 2：
1.plans / is planning 2.will take / are going to take 3. a 4.will swim / is going to swim 5.will try / am going to try 6. to visit 7. is 8.will have 9.must finish / should finish 10.Everyone
书面表达
题型（一）
参考范文：
Dear Tom,
Thank you for your letter. I'm glad to tell you about my summer holiday last year.
I went to a beautiful seaside city called Qingdao with my parents. We stayed there for three days. On the first day, we walked along the beach and swam in the sea. It was so much fun! The next day, we visited the Ocean Park and saw many lovely sea animals. We also tried delicious seafood, especially the grilled fish. The weather was sunny and warm, which made our trip even more enjoyable. I really liked the fresh sea breeze and the sound of waves. Most importantly, I learned how to relax and enjoy nature.
What about your holiday I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
题型（二）
参考范文：
Notice
Dear classmates,
Our class is going to have a three-day summer camp in the Forest Park near our city. The camp will start on July 10th and last until July 12th.
During the camp, we are going to hike in the forest, have a picnic by the lake, and watch the stars at night. On the last evening, we will have a bonfire party. It will be exciting!
Please remember to bring sports shoes, a warm jacket, a water bottle, and a camera. We will meet at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. on July 10th. Don't be late!
I'm sure we will have a wonderful time. Hope everyone can join us.
书面表达评分标准
档次 分值 标准描述
一档 13-15分 内容完整，时态准确，词汇丰富，行文流畅，有个别小错但不影响理解。
二档 10-12分 内容基本完整，时态基本正确，有少量语法或拼写错误，但能达意。
三档 7-9分 内容不够完整，时态错误较多，语言表达困难，但能看出主要意思。
四档 0-6分 内容严重缺失，语言错误太多，难以理解。
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