资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教社八年级英语上册精讲巧练
Unit 3 Same or Different
本单元围绕“人物异同对比”核心话题，从外貌特征、性格品质、能力习惯三大维度展开学习。结合2022年版义务教育英语课程标准三级目标，学生需在真实语境中听懂、读懂人物对比类语篇，能够口头、书面描述人物的异同点，熟练掌握本单元核心词汇、对比句型及形容词比较级语法，具备基础的语篇对比分析与英语交际运用能力。本单元语言知识覆盖语音、词汇、语法、语篇、语用五大维度，侧重引导学生在对比语境中灵活综合运用语言知识。
第一部分 核心词汇精讲
一、外貌特征类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
tall adj. 高的（形容人、建筑物） My brother is tall and strong. 比较级：taller；最高级：tallest；不用于形容山、树
short adj. 矮的；短的 She is short, but she runs fast. 比较级：shorter；一词多义，可形容身高、物体长度、时间
thin adj. 瘦的；薄的 My best friend is thin and quiet. 比较级：thinner（双写n）；反义词：fat / heavy
heavy adj. 重的；胖的 He is a little heavy, so he exercises every day. 比较级：heavier；口语中多用于委婉形容体型偏胖
long adj. 长的 Lucy has long straight hair. 比较级：longer；反义词：short
straight adj. 直的 Her straight black hair looks beautiful. 比较级：straighter；反义词：curly（卷曲的）
curly adj. 卷曲的 The girl with curly hair is my classmate. 比较级：curlier；常用来修饰头发、线条
巧练：根据句意及首字母提示填空。
My father is t______ and strong. (高的)
The boy is a little h______, so he needs to exercise more. (胖的)
Lucy has l______ black hair, but Lily has short hair. (长的)
My sister has c______ hair, and it looks very lovely. (卷曲的)
5. This ruler is s______ than that one. (短的)
二、性格品质类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
outgoing adj. 外向的；爱交际的 Lily is very outgoing and she has many friends. 比较级：more outgoing；最高级：most outgoing；反义词：shy / quiet
quiet adj. 安静的；文静的 My deskmate is quiet and she likes reading. 比较级：quieter；可形容性格、环境安静
hard-working adj. 勤奋的；努力的 He is hard-working and always gets good grades. 比较级：more hard-working；无动词形式，勿写hard-work
lazy adj. 懒惰的 Don't be lazy. You should finish your homework on time. 比较级：lazier；反义词：hard-working
smart adj. 聪明的；机灵的 My brother is smart and he learns things quickly. 比较级：smarter；侧重反应快、机灵，等同于clever
巧练：用所给词的适当形式填空。
She is much ________ (outgoing) than her brother.
My deskmate is ________ (quiet) than me.
He is the ________ (hard-working) student in our class.
Don’t be ________ (lazy). You must study harder.
5. The little girl is ________ (shy) than before.
三、对比动作与状态类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
win v. 赢；获胜 Our team wins the football match easily. 过去式/过去分词：won；后接比赛、奖项、战争，不接人
beat v. 打败；战胜 We beat their team in the game last week. 过去式：beat；过去分词：beaten；后接人、队伍
compete v. 竞争；比赛 The two girls compete with each other in study. 固定搭配：compete with sb. 与某人竞争；名词形式：competition
share v. 分享；共用 Good friends share happiness and sadness together. 固定搭配：share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
care v. 关心；在意 True friends care about each other’s feelings. 高频短语：care about 关心在意；take care of 照顾、照料
巧练：从方框中选择合适的词填空，注意词形变化。
win, beat, share, care, compete
Our team ________ the football match yesterday.
We ________ their team in the final game last week.
True friends always ________ their happiness and sadness.
My parents ________ about my study and life all the time.
5. The two girls ________ with each other in the singing competition.
四、核心名词（对比类）
单词 词性 释义 例句
talent n. 天赋；才能 She has a talent for singing.
grade n. 成绩；等级 His grades are better than mine.
hobby n. 爱好 We have different hobbies.
difference n. 差异；不同 There are some differences between us.
similarity n. 相似之处 We can find many similarities in our habits.
巧练：根据汉语提示完成单词。
She has a special ________ (天赋) for dancing.
There are many ________ (差异) between the two pictures.
My ________ (爱好) is reading books.
He always gets good ________ (成绩) at school.
5. There are some ________ (相似之处) between us.
第二部分 核心短语精讲
人物对比类短语
核心短语 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
be similar to 与……相似 My lifestyle is similar to my sister’s. similar 前可加 very / quite 修饰；搭配：be similar in 在某方面相似
be different from 与……不同 His hobbies are different from mine. 初中主流用from，不用to；反义词组：be the same as
the same as 和……相同 I have the same dream as you. same 前必须加the；as 后接比较对象，保持一致
more and more + 形容词 越来越…… She is more and more outgoing. 多音节形容词专用结构；单音节直接用比较级叠加
in some ways 在某些方面 We are similar in some ways. 常用于对比类作文开头，万能衔接短语
二、交友与相处类短语
核心短语 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
care about 关心；在意 True friends care about each other’s feelings. 侧重情感上的关心、在意；区别：take care of 照顾（动作）
as long as 只要 As long as you try your best, you will succeed. 引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”时态规则
bring out 使显现；激发 Good friends bring out the best in you. 固定搭配：bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发某人最好/最坏的一面
be good at 擅长…… He is good at playing basketball. 后接名词/动名词（doing）；同义短语：do well in
be talented in 在……有天赋 She is talented in music. 同义搭配：have a talent for doing sth. 有做某事的天赋
share...with... 和……分享…… I often share my stories with my friend. 固定双宾语结构，不可漏写介词with
巧练：完成句子，每空一词。
我的书包和你的相似。 My schoolbag ________ ________ ________ yours.
我的爱好和他的不同。 My hobby ________ ________ ________ his.
只要你坚持，你就能成功。 You can succeed ________ ________ ________ you keep trying.
好朋友能激发出你最好的一面。 Good friends ________ ________ the best in you.
5. 我和他有相同的年龄。 I have ________ ________ age ________ him.
第三部分 核心句型精讲
一、人物异同询问与描述句型
1. —What’s the difference between you and your sister 你和你姐姐有什么不同？
—I’m more outgoing than her. 我比她更外向。
2.—Are you similar to your best friend 你和你最好的朋友相似吗？
—Yes, we have many similarities. 是的，我们有很多相似之处。
3.—Who is harder-working, Tom or Jack 汤姆和杰克谁更勤奋？
—Jack is harder-working than Tom. 杰克比汤姆更勤奋。
4. We are the same in some ways, but different in others. 我们在某些方面相同，在其他方面不同。
5. He is not as tall as his brother. 他不如他哥哥高。
二、交友与评价句型
1. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
2. I think a good friend should be honest. 我认为好朋友应该诚实。
3. Friends are like books. 朋友如书。
4. We don’t need a lot of friends as long as they are good. 朋友不在多，贵在好。
巧练：按要求完成句子。
Tom is taller than Mike.（改为同义句）
Mike is ________ ________ Tom.
My mother is more outgoing than my father.（对划线部分提问）
________ is more outgoing, your mother ________ your father
我和我的好朋友在很多方面相似。（翻译句子）
I ________ ________ ________ my good friend in many ways.
只要我们互相帮助，我们就是好朋友。（翻译句子）
We are good friends ________ ________ ________ we help each other.
第四部分 语法重点精讲
一、形容词比较级（核心语法）
1. 比较级变化规则
规则变化： ① 一般形容词直接后缀-er：tall→taller, short→shorter ② 以不发音字母e结尾，直接后缀-r：nice→nicer, late→later ③ 重读闭音节“辅元辅”结构，双写末尾辅音字母再加-er：thin→thinner, big→bigger ④ 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-er：happy→happier, lazy→lazier ⑤
多音节及部分双音节形容词，前置more/less构成比较级：outgoing→more outgoing, hard-working→less hard-working
不规则变化： good/well→better, bad/badly→worse, many/much→more, little→less
2. 核心句型结构
① A + be动词 + 比较级 + than + B （A比B更……） 例：She is thinner than me.
② A + be动词 + not + as/so + 原级 + as + B （A不如B……） 例：He is not as quiet as his sister.
③ 比较级 + and + 比较级 （越来越……） 例：She is more and more outgoing.
④ Which/Who + 比较级，A or B （两者中更……的一方） 例：Who is smarter, Lucy or Lily
3. 易错点提醒
使用形容词比较级需注意两大易错点：一是比较级前后的比较对象需保持一致，避免逻辑混乱；二是than后需使用人称代词宾格形式，如me、him、her。
巧练：用所给形容词的适当形式填空。
This book is ________ (good) than that one.
My brother is ________ (tall) and ________ (thin) than me.
She is ________ (outgoing) than her twin sister.
The weather is getting ________ (hot) and ________ (hot).
5. He is not as ________ (smart) as his deskmate.
二、as long as 引导条件状语从句
核心用法：该短语意为“只要”，用于引导条件状语从句，严格遵循“主将从现”的时态原则，即主句用将来时或含情态动词，从句统一使用一般现在时。
例句：As long as you study hard, you will get good grades.
巧练：单项选择。
（ ）1. You will pass the exam ________ you are careful enough.
as long as B. so C. but
（ ）2. ________ I live, I will help you.
A. As soon as B. As long as C. Because
第五部分 篇章精讲巧练
一、本单元核心语篇类型与考点解读
1. 核心语篇体裁：人物对比类记叙文（初中必考应用型语篇）
本单元所有阅读对话、短文、书面表达均统一为人物异同对比类记叙文，区别于普通叙事记叙文，该体裁以“特征对比、逻辑说明”为核心，不侧重故事情节，重点围绕两人外貌、性格、爱好、能力、学习习惯的相同点与不同点展开描述，语言简洁规范、层次清晰，是八年级上册核心重点训练、中考高频考查的功能性语篇。
2. 语篇核心特征与语言依托 整篇语篇全程贯穿单元核心知识点：以形容词比较级、同级比较句型为句式骨架，以人物类核心词汇、交友类固定短语为内容支撑，搭配对比类衔接词，实现“词汇+语法+句式”的综合运用，是单元知识的最终落地语篇形式。
3. 标准四段式考场万能结构（满分模板）
① 开篇总起：介绍人物身份、关系，总述二人存在异同，总领全文；
② 共性阐述：分层介绍年龄、爱好、性格等相同之处，统一句式、简洁凝练；
③ 重点对比：全文核心段落，运用比较级句型，多角度对比外貌、性格、能力、学习差异；
④ 结尾升华：总结交友感悟，阐述对朋友差异的看法，升华主题。
4. 中考四大核心考查方向
阅读理解：人物特征细节判断、异同点正误辨析、作者态度、语境词义猜测
完形填空：比较级变形、对比连词辨析、交友固定搭配、时态运用
语法填空：形容词比较级、非谓语动词、介词、主谓一致综合考查
书面表达：人物对比类作文仿写、句式升级、逻辑衔接、规范行文
二、满分写作框架&句式升级模板
1. 万能开头（3组可直接套用）
① I have a best friend named ... We have a close friendship and we share both similarities and differences.（通用基础版）
② ... is my closest friend. In some ways, we are similar, but we also have many differences.（简洁考场版）
③ I’m lucky to have a good friend called ... Although we have some similarities, we are quite different in many ways.（句式升级版）
2. 主体段落（异同分层专用句式）
描述相同点（统一句式，避免重复） We both like... / We are both... / We share the same hobby of... / We have a lot in common.
描述不同点（比较级高频升级句式） However, there are many differences between us. ... is + 比较级 + than me. He/She is more outgoing..., while I am... He/She does better in..., but I am good at...
高分结尾（感悟升华，适配所有考题）
I think differences make our friendship more colorful and meaningful.（基础升华）
We learn from each other and grow together. I truly cherish our friendship.（进阶高分）
③ True friendship doesn’t need total sameness. Differences help us improve ourselves.（满分立意）
三、语篇逻辑衔接词（阅卷加分项）
熟练运用衔接词可解决作文句式生硬、逻辑混乱问题，让语篇层次清晰、行文流畅，是考场高分核心亮点，分类整理如下：
表相同/并列：also, too, both...and..., besides, as well as
表对比/转折（本单元重中之重）：however, but, while, different from, instead
表递进/补充：what’s more, besides, in addition
表总结/观点：in my opinion, I think, all in all
篇章专项巧练（分层进阶）
练习1：短文选词填空（基础过关）
similar, different, more, both, but, than
I have a best friend, Amy. We are ________ (1) 13 years old. We are ________ (2) in some ways. We both like reading and music. ________ (3) we are different in many ways. Amy is ________ (4) outgoing ________ (5) me. I am quiet and shy. Our hobbies are also ________ (6).
练习2：语篇句子仿写（能力提升）
根据中文提示，用本单元核心句型完成句子，优化句式结构。
在某些方面我们很相似，但在很多方面有所不同。(in some ways)
________________________________________________________________
我的朋友比我更勤奋，所以她的成绩更好。(比较级进阶)
________________________________________________________________
只要我们互相学习、互相帮助，我们的友谊就会长久。(as long as)
________________________________________________________________
第六部分 综合能力提升
一、补全对话（谈论朋友异同）
A: Hi, Tom! Do you have a best friend
B: Yes, I do. His name is Jerry.
A: 1. ________________________
B: We are similar in age, but we look different.
A: 2. ________________________
B: He is taller and thinner than me.
A: 3. ________________________
B: He is more outgoing. He likes talking and making friends.
A: Do you have the same hobbies
B: 4. ________________________. We both like playing basketball.
A: 5. ________________________ B: I think differences make our friendship interesting.
二、语法填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My best friend is Lucy. She is 13 years old. She is ________ (1) (tall) than me. She has long curly hair and she is ________ (2) (outgoing) than I am. We ________ (3) (have been) good friends for three years. We have some similarities. We both enjoy ________ (4) (read) books and listening to music. But we are ________ (5) (difference) too. Lucy is good at ________ (6) (dance), while I like sports. She is ________ (7) (hard-working) than me, so her grades are ________ (8) (better). As long as we ________ (9) (help) each other, our friendship will last long. I feel lucky ________ (10) (have) such a good friend.
三、书面表达
题目：My Best Friend and I 假设你是李华，请你介绍自己和最好的朋友的异同，内容包括：1. 外貌、性格对比；2. 爱好与能力差异；3. 你的交友感悟。词数80左右。
写作框架： 开头：介绍朋友，总述有异同 主体：分述相同点、不同点 结尾：阐述自己的交友看法。
_______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 核心词汇巧练答案
一、外貌特征类 1. tall 2. heavy 3. long 4. curly 5. shorter
二、性格品质类 1. more outgoing 2. quieter 3. most hard-working 4. lazy 5. shyer
三、对比动作类 1. won 2. beat 3. share 4. care 5. compete
四、核心名词类 1. talent 2. differences 3. hobby 4. grades 5. similarities
第二部分 核心短语巧练答案
1. is similar to 2. is different from 3. as long as 4. bring out 5. the same; as
第三部分 核心句型巧练答案
1. shorter than 2. Who; or 3. am similar to 4. as long as
第四部分 语法巧练答案
形容词比较级 1. better 2. taller; thinner 3. more outgoing 4. hotter; hotter 5. smart
as long as 单选 1. A 2. B
第五部分 语篇巧练答案
练习1 答案：1. both 2. similar 3. But 4. more 5. than 6. different
练习2 参考范文： 1. We are similar in some ways but different in many ways. 2. My friend is more hard-working than me, so she gets better grades. 3. As long as we learn from and help each other, our friendship will last long.
第六部分 综合能力提升答案
一、补全对话 1. What are the similarities and differences between you two 2. What does he look like 3. What about his personality 4. Yes, we do 5. What do you think of differences between friends
二、语法填空 1. taller 2. more outgoing 3. have been 4. reading 5. different 6. dancing 7. more hard-working 8. better 9. help 10. to have
书面表达范文
My Best Friend and I
I have a best friend called Jack. We are close friends and we have both similarities and differences.
We are both 13 years old and share the same love for sports. However, we are different in many aspects. Jack is taller and thinner than me. He is more outgoing and active, while I am quiet and gentle. He has a talent for basketball, and I do better in swimming. Besides, Jack is more hard-working, so he always gets better grades.
In my opinion, true friendship does not require total similarity. Proper differences enrich our friendship and make it more precious. I learn diligence from him, and we grow up together happily.
评分标准
一档(13-15分)：内容完整，比较级运用准确，句式多样，行文流畅，无明显错误。
二档(10-12分)：内容完整，语法基本正确，少量拼写/语法错误，表意清晰。
三档(7-9分)： 内容不完整，语法错误较多，句式单一。
四档(0-6分)： 内容缺失严重，错误过多，无法表意。
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