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人教社八年级英语上册精讲巧练
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
第一部分 核心词汇精讲
一、外形特征类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
huge adj. 巨大的；庞大的 The blue whale is a huge animal. 比较级：huger；最高级：hugest；同义词：very big / large
tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 Some insects are so tiny that we can't see them. 比较级：tinier；最高级：tiniest；反义词：huge / large
poisonous adj. 有毒的 Be careful! That frog is poisonous. 名词形式：poison（毒药）；常用于警示语
fierce adj. 凶猛的；残暴的 The tiger is a fierce animal. 比较级：fiercer；最高级：fiercest；侧重形容动物的攻击性
gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 Pandas look gentle and cute. 比较级：gentler；最高级：gentlest；反义词：fierce
巧练：根据句意及首字母提示填空。
1. The elephant is h______ and heavy. (巨大的)
2. Look at the t______ ant. It's carrying a leaf. (极小的)
3. Don't touch that snake. It's p______. (有毒的)
4. The lion is a f______ animal, but the rabbit is gentle. (凶猛的)
5. My cat is very g______ and likes to sleep on my lap. (温和的)
二、生活习性类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
hunt v. 捕猎；搜寻 Lions hunt for food at night. 名词形式：hunter（猎人）；短语：hunt for（搜寻）
hide v. 躲藏；隐藏 Chameleons can hide themselves well. 过去式/过去分词：hid / hidden；短语：hide from（躲避）
protect v. 保护 We should protect animals. 名词形式：protection（保护）；形容词：protective（保护的）
feed v. 喂养；饲养 Please feed the dog twice a day. 过去式/过去分词：fed；短语：feed on（以……为食）
grow v. 生长；成长 Bamboo grows very fast. 过去式：grew；过去分词：grown；名词：growth（生长）
巧练：用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Tigers usually ______ (hunt) at night.
2. The rabbit ______ (hide) under the tree just now.
3. It's our duty ______ (protect) the environment.
4. What do cows ______ (feed) on
5. Trees ______ (grow) well in spring.
三、生存环境类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
forest n. 森林 Many animals live in the forest. 短语：rain forest（雨林）；形容词：forested（被森林覆盖的）
desert n. 沙漠 Camels can live in the hot desert. 形容词：deserted（荒芜的）；注意与动词desert（抛弃）区分
ocean n. 海洋 Whales live in the deep ocean. 同义词：sea；形容词：oceanic（海洋的）
bamboo n. 竹子 Pandas love eating bamboo. 不可数名词；短语：bamboo forest（竹林）
grassland n. 草原 Zebras run on the grassland. 合成词：grass（草）+ land（土地）
巧练：从方框中选择合适的词填空。
forest, desert, ocean, bamboo, grassland
1. Elephants live in the ______ in Africa.
2. The Sahara is the biggest ______ in the world.
3. Sharks swim in the ______.
4. ______ is the main food of pandas.
5. Lions run fast on the ______.
四、特殊能力类词汇
单词 词性 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
climb v. 爬；攀登 Monkeys are good at climbing trees. 名词：climber（攀登者）；短语：climb up（向上爬）
fly v. 飞；飞行 Birds can fly in the sky. 过去式：flew；过去分词：flown；名词：flight（航班）
swim v. 游泳 Fish swim in the water. 过去式：swam；过去分词：swum；名词：swimmer（游泳者）
jump v. 跳；跳跃 Frogs can jump very far. 短语：jump over（跳过）；名词：jumper（跳跃者）
run v. 跑；奔跑 Cheetahs run the fastest in the world. 过去式：ran；过去分词：run；现在分词：running（双写n）
巧练：根据汉语提示完成单词。
1. Monkeys like to ______ (爬) trees.
2. Birds can ______ (飞) high in the sky.
3. Fish ______ (游泳) in the river.
4. Kangaroos can ______ (跳) very far.
5. Horses can ______ (跑) fast on the grassland.
第二部分 核心短语精讲
一、描述特征类短语
核心短语 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
be famous for 因……而著名 China is famous for pandas. 同义短语：be known for；对比：be famous as（作为……而著名）
be good at 擅长…… Monkeys are good at climbing. 后接名词/动名词（doing）；同义短语：do well in
be full of 充满…… The forest is full of trees. 同义短语：be filled with；侧重状态
be covered with 被……覆盖 The ground is covered with snow. 侧重覆盖的状态；对比：cover...with...（用……覆盖……）
be made of 由……制成 The nest is made of grass. 看得出原材料；对比：be made from（看不出原材料）
巧练：完成句子，每空一词。
1. Australia ______ ______ ______ kangaroos. (因……而著名)
2. Dolphins ______ ______ ______ swimming. (擅长)
3. The sky ______ ______ ______ stars at night. (充满)
4. The mountain ______ ______ ______ snow in winter. (被……覆盖)
5. The table ______ ______ ______ wood. (由……制成)
二、生活习性类短语
核心短语 释义 例句 拓展/易错点
feed on 以……为食 Cows feed on grass. 主语通常是动物；对比：feed...to...（把……喂给……）
live in 居住在…… Penguins live in cold places. 后接地点名词；泛指居住地
come from 来自…… Pandas come from China. 同义短语：be from；询问：Where do/does...come from
look for 寻找 The bear is looking for food. 侧重寻找的动作；对比：find（找到，侧重结果）
take care of 照顾；照料 We should take care of animals. 同义短语：look after；take good care of（好好照顾）
巧练：用所给短语的适当形式填空。
feed on, live in, come from, look for, take care of
1. Tigers ______ meat.
2. Fish ______ water.
3. Where do pandas ______
4. The mother bird is ______ food for her babies.
5. We should ______ the old people.
第三部分 核心句型精讲
一、描述动植物特征句型
—What's the biggest animal in the world 世界上最大的动物是什么？
—The blue whale is the biggest animal in the world. 蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。
—What do pandas look like 熊猫长什么样？
—They are black and white, and they look cute. 它们是黑白相间的，看起来很可爱。
—Where do camels live 骆驼生活在哪里？
—They live in the desert. 它们生活在沙漠里。
—What do elephants eat 大象吃什么？
—They eat grass and leaves. 它们吃草和树叶。
—Why are chameleons special 变色龙为什么特别？
—Because they can change their colors. 因为它们能改变颜色。
二、表达喜好与观点句型
I like pandas best because they are cute. 我最喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱。
My favorite animal is the dog. 我最喜欢的动物是狗。
I think we should protect animals. 我认为我们应该保护动物。
It's important to take care of plants. 照顾植物很重要。
Animals are our friends. 动物是我们的朋友。
巧练：按要求完成句子。
1. The cheetah is the fastest animal.（对划线部分提问）
______ is the fastest animal
2. Pandas come from China.（改为同义句）
Pandas ______ ______ China.
3. 我最喜欢猴子，因为它们很聪明。（翻译句子）
I like ______ best because they are ______.
4. 我们应该保护树木。（翻译句子）
We should ______ ______.
第四部分 语法重点精讲
一、形容词最高级（核心语法）
最高级变化规则
规则变化：
① 一般形容词直接后缀-est：tall→tallest, short→shortest
② 以不发音字母e结尾，直接后缀-st：nice→nicest, late→latest
③ 重读闭音节“辅元辅”结构，双写末尾辅音字母再加-est：big→biggest, thin→thinnest
④ 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-est：happy→happiest, lazy→laziest
⑤ 多音节及部分双音节形容词，前置most构成最高级：beautiful→most beautiful, interesting→most interesting
不规则变化：
good/well→best, bad/badly→worst, many/much→most, little→least
核心句型结构
① A + be动词 + the + 最高级 + in/of...（A是……中最……的）
例：The blue whale is the biggest animal in the world.
② one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数（最……的……之一）
例：Pandas are one of the cutest animals.
③ Which/Who + be动词 + the + 最高级，A, B or C （三者或以上中哪个最……）
例：Which animal is the fastest, the lion, the tiger or the cheetah
易错点提醒
使用形容词最高级需注意两大易错点：一是最高级前必须加定冠词the（副词最高级前the可省略）；二是比较范围in/of...不能遗漏，in后接地点/范围，of后接同类事物。
巧练：用所给形容词的适当形式填空。
1. The elephant is the ______ (big) animal on land.
2. The cheetah runs the ______ (fast) of all animals.
3. Pandas are one of the ______ (cute) animals in the world.
4. Which is the ______ (heavy), the elephant, the horse or the cow
5. The giraffe is the ______ (tall) animal in the zoo.
二、because引导原因状语从句
核心用法：该连词意为“因为”，用于引导原因状语从句，回答why引导的特殊疑问句，可与so连用但不可同时出现在一个句子中（二者选其一）。
例句：I like pandas because they are cute.（我喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱。）
Why do you like dogs Because they are friendly.（你为什么喜欢狗？因为它们很友好。）
巧练：单项选择。
（ ）1. I like cats ______ they are cute.
A. because B. so C. but
（ ）2. ______ he is ill, he doesn't go to school.
A. Because B. So C. But
第五部分 篇章精讲巧练
一、本单元核心语篇类型与考点解读
核心语篇体裁：说明文（初中必考应用型语篇）
本单元所有阅读对话、短文、书面表达均统一为动植物介绍类说明文，区别于记叙文，该体裁以“客观描述、特征说明”为核心，不侧重故事情节，重点围绕动植物的外形、习性、环境、能力展开描述，语言准确规范、层次清晰，是八年级上册核心重点训练、中考高频考查的功能性语篇。
语篇核心特征与语言依托
整篇语篇全程贯穿单元核心知识点：以形容词最高级、一般现在时态为句式骨架，以动植物类核心词汇、习性类固定短语为内容支撑，搭配说明类衔接词，实现“词汇+语法+句式”的综合运用，是单元知识的最终落地语篇形式。
标准三段式考场万能结构（满分模板）
① 开篇总起：引出介绍的动植物，总述其特点，总领全文；
② 主体阐述：分层介绍外形、习性、环境、能力等特征，统一句式、简洁凝练；
③ 结尾升华：总结对动植物的看法，阐述保护意识，升华主题。
中考四大核心考查方向
阅读理解：动植物特征细节判断、习性正误辨析、作者态度、语境词义猜测
完形填空：最高级变形、习性动词辨析、固定搭配、时态运用
语法填空：形容词最高级、一般现在时、介词、主谓一致综合考查
书面表达：动植物介绍类作文仿写、句式升级、逻辑衔接、规范行文
二、满分写作框架&句式升级模板
万能开头（3组可直接套用）
① My favorite animal is... It's a kind of amazing animal.（通用基础版）
② There are many amazing animals in the world, and my favorite is...（简洁考场版）
③ I'd like to introduce... It's one of the most special animals in the world.（句式升级版）
主体段落（特征分层专用句式）
描述外形：It looks... / It is... / It has... / It's one of the... animals.
描述习性：It lives in... / It feeds on... / It is good at... / It can...
描述特殊能力：The most special thing is that... / What's more, it can...
高分结尾（感悟升华，适配所有考题）
① I like it very much because it's cute.（基础升华）
② It's important for us to protect it.（进阶高分）
③ Animals are our friends, and we should live in peace with them.（满分立意）
语篇逻辑衔接词（阅卷加分项）
熟练运用衔接词可解决作文句式生硬、逻辑混乱问题，让语篇层次清晰、行文流畅，是考场高分核心亮点，分类整理如下：
表并列/补充：also, too, besides, as well as, what's more
表递进：moreover, in addition, furthermore
表因果：because, so, therefore, as a result
表总结：in a word, all in all, in short
篇章专项巧练（分层进阶）
练习1：短文选词填空（基础过关）
biggest, lives, feed on, because, cute, forest
Pandas are one of the most ______ (1) animals in the world. They are black and white, and they look very ______ (2). Pandas ______ (3) in the bamboo ______ (4) in China. They ______ (5) bamboo. I like pandas ______ (6) they are friendly.
练习2：语篇句子仿写（能力提升）
根据中文提示，用本单元核心句型完成句子，优化句式结构。
1. 蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。（最高级）
______________________________________
2. 我喜欢猴子，因为它们擅长爬树。（because引导原因状语从句）
______________________________________
我们应该保护动物，因为它们是我们的朋友。（保护意识）
____ __________________________________
第六部分 综合能力提升
一、补全对话（谈论喜欢的动物）
A: Hi, Lily! What's your favorite animal
B: 1. ________________________
A: Why do you like pandas
B: 2. ________________________ What about you
A: I like dolphins best.
B: 3. ________________________
A: Because they are smart and friendly.
B: 4. ________________________
A: They live in the ocean.
B: 5. ________________________
A: They feed on fish.
二、语法填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My favorite animal is the giraffe. It is the ______ (1) (tall) animal in the world. It ______ (2) (have) a long neck and long legs. It ______ (3) (live) in the grassland in Africa. It ______ (4) (feed) on leaves. It is very ______ (5) (gentle) and never hurts people. Giraffes are one of the ______ (6) (special) animals. I like them ______ (7) they are cute. We should ______ (8) (protect) them because they are our ______ (9) (friend). It's important ______ (10) (take) care of animals.
三、书面表达
题目：My Favorite Animal
假设你是李华，请你介绍自己最喜欢的动物，内容包括：1. 外形特征；2. 生活习性与环境；3. 你喜欢它的原因。词数80左右。
写作框架：
开头：引出最喜欢的动物，总述其特点
主体：分述外形、习性、环境
结尾：阐述喜欢的原因及保护意识。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 核心词汇巧练答案
一、外形特征类
1. huge 2. tiny 3. poisonous 4. fierce 5. gentle
二、生活习性类
1. hunt 2. hid 3. to protect 4. feed 5. grow
三、生存环境类
1. forest 2. desert 3. ocean 4. Bamboo 5. grassland
四、特殊能力类
1. climb 2. fly 3. swim 4. jump 5. run
第二部分 核心短语巧练答案
一、描述特征类
1. is famous for 2. are good at 3. is full of 4. is covered with 5. is made of
二、生活习性类
1. feed on 2. live in 3. come from 4. looking for 5. take care of
第三部分 核心句型巧练答案
1. What 2. are from 3. monkeys; smart 4. protect trees
第四部分 语法巧练答案
形容词最高级
1. biggest 2. fastest 3. cutest 4. heaviest 5. tallest
because单选
1. A 2. A
第五部分 语篇巧练答案
练习1 答案：1. cute 2. cute 3. live 4. forest 5. feed on 6. because
练习2
1. The blue whale is the biggest animal in the world.
2. I like monkeys because they are good at climbing trees.
3. We should protect animals because they are our friends.
第六部分 综合能力提升答案
一、补全对话
1. My favorite animal is pandas.
2. Because they are cute.
3. Why do you like dolphins
4. Where do they live
5. What do they feed on
二、语法填空
1. tallest 2. has 3. lives 4. feeds 5. gentle 6. most special 7. because 8. protect 9. friends 10. to take
三、书面表达范文
My Favorite Animal
My favorite animal is the panda. It is one of the most amazing and cutest animals in the world.
Pandas have black and white fur and they always look gentle and lovely. They mainly live in the bamboo forests of Sichuan, China. They feed on bamboo every day and they are also good at climbing trees.
I like pandas best because they are quiet and special. They are precious animals and our good friends. As students, we should try our best to protect them and their living homes.
评分标准
一档(13-15分)：内容完整，比较级运用准确，句式多样，行文流畅，无明显错误。
二档(10-12分)：内容完整，语法基本正确，少量拼写/语法错误，表意清晰。
三档(7-9分)： 内容不完整，语法错误较多，句式单一。
四档(0-6分)： 内容缺失严重，错误过多，无法表意。
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