【弯道超车】Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 核心语法之who、which和that引导的定语从句-2026-2027学年沪教版(新教材)九年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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【弯道超车】Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 核心语法之who、which和that引导的定语从句-2026-2027学年沪教版(新教材)九年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026-2027学年沪教版九年级英语上册核心语法精讲精练
(新教材)Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain
核心语法:who、which和that引导的定语从句
一、核心概念
定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,相当于一个“形容词”,起修饰限定作用。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
限制性定语从句是定语从句中最常见的一种,它对先行词起限定作用,是先行词不可缺少的一部分。如果去掉,主句意思不完整或不明确。
核心功能: 用一个句子来修饰名词,使表达更精确。
基本结构: 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
示例:
The book that I read is interesting.(我读的那本书很有趣。)→ that I read 修饰 book
The man who is standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的那个人是我的老师。)→ who is standing there 修饰 man
The car which is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的。)→ which is parked outside 修饰 car
二、三种关系代词的基本用法
关系词 先行词 在从句中充当 示例
who 人 主语 / 宾语 The man who is there is my teacher.
whom 人 宾语(正式) The man whom I met is my teacher.
which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which I read is good.
that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 The book that I read is good.
三、who 的用法(指人)
1. who 指人,在从句中作主语
The man who is standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的那个人是我的老师。)
The girl who wears a red dress is my sister.(穿着红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。)
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.(住在隔壁的那个女士是医生。)
注意: who 作主语时,不能省略。
2. who 指人,在从句中作宾语(可省略)
The man (who) I met yesterday is my teacher.(我昨天遇见的那个人是我的老师。)
The girl (who) you saw at the party is my cousin.(你在派对上看到的那个女孩是我表妹。)
注意: who 作宾语时,在口语中可以省略。
四、which 的用法(指物)
1. which 指物,在从句中作主语
The book which is on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。)
The car which is parked outside is my father's.(停在外面的那辆车是我父亲的。)
This is the house which was built in 1990.(这是1990年建的那座房子。)
2. which 指物,在从句中作宾语(可省略)
The book (which) I bought is interesting.(我买的那本书很有趣。)
The movie (which) we saw last night was boring.(我们昨晚看的那部电影很无聊。)
五、that 的用法(指人/物)
1. that 指人(= who)
The man that is standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的那个人是我的老师。)
The girl that I met yesterday is very kind.(我昨天遇见的那个女孩很善良。)
2. that 指物(= which)
The book that I bought is interesting.(我买的那本书很有趣。)
The car that is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的。)
注意: that 是关系代词中最常用的,既可以指人,也可以指物。
六、关系代词在从句中的成分与省略
1. 作主语(关系词不能省略)
The man who is standing there is my teacher.(who 作主语)
The book that is on the desk is mine.(that 作主语)
2. 作宾语(关系词可以省略)
The book (that/which) I bought is interesting.(作 bought 的宾语,可省略)
The man (who/whom) I met is my teacher.(作 met 的宾语,可省略)
七、只能用 that 的情况(中考常考!)
在以下情况下,只能用 that,不能用 which 或 who:
1. 先行词被序数词修饰时
This is the first book that I have read in English.(这是我读的第一本英文书。)
2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。)
3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same 修饰时
He is the only person that can help you.(他是唯一能帮你的人。)
This is the very book that I want.(这正是我想要的那本书。)
4. 先行词是不定代词时(all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, little, much 等)
All that you said is true.(你说的一切都是真的。)
There is nothing that I can do for you.(我没什么能为你做的。)
5. 先行词既有人又有物时
They talked about the people and things that they remembered.(他们谈论着他们记得的人和事。)
6. 主句以 who 或 which 开头时(避免重复)
Who is the man that is standing there (站在那里的那个人是谁?)
八、who/which/that 的选择技巧
先行词 作主语 作宾语
人 who / that who / whom / that(可省略)
物 which / that which / that(可省略)
九、易错点与难点突破
1. 先行词是人,误用 which
The girl which is singing is my sister.
The girl who/that is singing is my sister.
2. 先行词是物,误用 who
The book who I bought is interesting.
The book that/which I bought is interesting.
3. 作宾语的关系词误以为不能省略
The book (that/which) I read is good.(可以省略,因为作宾语)
The book is on the desk is mine.(缺少关系词)
The book that/which is on the desk is mine.(作主语不能省略)
4. 只能用 that 的情况下误用了 which
This is the first book which I read.
This is the first book that I read.
十、思维导图总结
十一、记忆口诀
限制性定语从句口诀:
定语从句三要素,先行词关系词和从句;
关系代词作主宾,who/which/that 要分清。
who 指人来 which 指物,that 两者都能用;
作主语不能省略,作宾语可以省。
序数最高唯一词,不定代词也要用;
先行词既有人又有物,只用 that 不能换。
1. Lily likes museums ____ can provide visitors with free Wi-Fi.
A.that B.who C.what D.when
2. Tang Hongbo ____ is a 48-year-old astronaut has been to Tiangong space station twice.
A.who B.which C.whose
3.He likes movies that ________ scary.
A.are B.is C.which D.what
4. I'll never forget the place ____ we visited together last year.
A.which B.what C.who
5. —Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ____ people like.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
6. The woman ____ I met yesterday is my new Chinese teacher.
A.what B.which C.who D.why
7. The woman astronaut ____ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang.
A.which B.whose C.who D.whom
8. I can't find the book ____ my brother bought me.
A.which B.who C.when
9. The painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork ____ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty.
A.which B.who C.what
10.—Do you know the girl ____ is standing over there
—Yes. She is my sister.
A.when B.where C.who D.which
11. —What kinds of after-school activities do you like
—I like those activities ____ are about P.E. and art.
A.who B.whom C.which D./
12. I was looking for the book ____ I borrowed yesterday.
A.who B.which C.what
13. — What are they talking about
— They' re talking about the AI robots ____ will make a big difference to the old people's life.
A.which B.when C.whose
14. He is the teacher ____ helped me.
A.who B.which C.when
15.Look, Dong Yuhui ____ is a famous live stream influencer can speak English very well.
A.what B.who C.which
16. We all miss Wu Mengchao ____ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A.which B.what C.who
17.Yan Ning is an excellent scientist ____ will return to China in the near future. She wants to make a contribution to her motherland.
A.who B.whom C.which
18.This is the book _________ I bought yesterday.
A.who B.that C.whom D.what
19.We will never forget the teachers and classmates ________ have helped and supported us.
A.which B.who C.when D.where
20. She likes musicians____ play different kinds of music.
A.who B.which C.where D.when
21. Zhong Nanshan is a great doctor ____ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A.who B.which C.what
22. —What kind of movies do you prefer
—I prefer the movies ____me something to think about.
A.which give B.that gives C.what gives
23. I will tell Peter ____ I know about our traditions in China.
A.all which B.all that C.all what D.that all
24.—Do you like your English teacher
—Sure, because she is the teacher ____helps me a lot.
A.whom B.whose C.which D.who
25.Many people prefer buying cars ________ run on electricity these days.
A.whom B.who C.which D.what
26.Looking back to the past three years, I'm thankful to everyone ______I met at school.
A.that B.where C.when D.which
27.The stories ______ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.
A.that B.those C.who D.what
28. He showed me the photos ____ he took at his graduation ceremony.
A.that B.who C.what
29. Simon studies very hard. He always does everything ____ can improve himself.
A.where B.that C.what
30. Not all children____ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A.whom B.which C.that D.whose
31. Do you know the man ____ is sitting behind Nancy
A.what B.which C.who D.whose
32. —Have you heard of the famous actor and his movie ____they're talking about
—No, I haven't.
A.who B.whom C.which D.that
33.—What kind of music do you like
—I like music ________ I can dance to.
A.that B.when C.who D.where
34.—Look! That is the woman ____I met yesterday.
—Oh! She's my aunt.
A.who B.what C.where
35. The film ____ is about the love between mother and son touches our hearts.
A.what B.which C.why D.who
36. —I feel so nervous. What should I do
—You'd better listen to music that ____.
A.helps you relax B.you can dance C.makes you sad
37.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from ________ to suspend your tent.
A.there B.them C.which D.where
38.A true friend is a man ________ can help you when you are in trouble.
A.what B.who C.which D.whose
39.—Why are you so worried
—I've lost the watch _______ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A.what B.whose C.which
40. I admire the people ____ are honest and hard-working.
A.who B.whom C.which D.whose
41.Eileen Gu ____ is an outstanding athlete (运动员) has become more and more popular around the world since the 24th Olympic Winter Games.
A./ B.who C.which D.what
42. I like music ____ makes me happy when I feel tired and down.
A.that B.who C.what D.whom
43.The young lady ____ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I Am a Singer is from 21st Century Talent Net.
A.who B.whom C.which D.what
44. It's said the result we are interested in ____ as soon as possible.
A.announcing B.being announced
C.will be announced D.will announce
45. —What kind of musicians does Carmen like
—She likes musicians____ play different kinds of music.
A.who B.what C.which D.whose
46. You were very rude to him just now, for ____ you should make an apology to him.
A.that B.which C.what D.whom
47. —Where does the name of the film Full River Red come from
—It's from a poem of Yue Fei ____ lived during the Southern Song Dynasty.
A.which B.whom C.who D.what
48.The joke ________ he played on his friend was ________ funny that it made everyone laugh.
A.who; such B.that; such C./; so D.which; too
49.Do you know the girl____is rushing across the street
A.which B.who C.what
50.Friends are those ____ help you when you are in trouble.
A.who B.whom C.what D.how
参考答案及试题解析
1.A
【解析】句意:莉莉喜欢可以为游客提供免费无线网络的博物馆。A:that在定语从句中作主语和宾语成分,指人和物;B:who在定语从句中作主语和宾语成分,指人;C:what不引导定语从句;D:when在定语从句中作时间状语。分析句子为定语从句,先行词为museums,博物馆,指物,从句缺少主语成分,可知此处应用that引导,故选A。
【点评】考查关系代词,注意根据定语从句中that的用法。
2.A
【解析】句意:48岁的航天员唐洪波曾两次前往天宫空间站。A引导定语从句,指代人,B引导定语从句,指代物,C引导定语从句,做定语,先行词是人Tang Hongbo,is是从句的谓语动词,前面缺少主语,故用who,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记who的用法。
3.A
【解析】句意:他喜欢恐怖的电影。are,be 动词复数形式;is,be 动词单数形式;which,关系代词(引导定语从句时需避免与先行词后的 that 重复);what,疑问词(不能引导定语从句修饰名词 movies)。结合语句 "He likes movies that … scary." 可知,此处是定语从句,先行词 movies 是复数名词,关系代词 that 在从句中作主语,从句谓语动词需用复数形式 are,故答案为 A。
【点评】考查定语从句的主谓一致及关系词用法。解题需明确定语从句中先行词的单复数属性,确定关系代词作主语时从句谓语动词的单复数形式,同时排除不能引导此类定语从句的连接词。
4.A
【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记我们去年一起参观过的那个地方。结合所给语句I'll never forget the place……we visited together last year.可知,这是一个定语从句。先行词 "the place(地方)" 是物,从句 "we visited together last year" 中,"visited" 是及物动词,缺少宾语,"which" 可以指代 "the place" 在从句中作宾语;what,不能引导定语从句,它主要用于引导名词性从句(如主语从句、宾语从句等);who,引导定语从句时,先行词是人,且在从句中作主语。故答案为A。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词的选择。关键在于判断先行词是人还是物,以及关系词在从句中充当的成分。当先行词为物,且在从句中作宾语时,可用关系代词 which。
5.A
【解析】句意:——如今,微信在朋友中很受欢迎。——对。这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的沟通方式。定语从句先行词指的是人,做主语,关系词用who,作宾语,关系词用whom;先行词指的是物,关系词用which/that。先行词是way,指的是物,先行词有最高级best修饰,所以关系词只能用that,不能用which,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先识记关系词区别,然后根据先行词way和best确定答案,理解句意。
6.C
【解析】句意:我昨天遇到的那位女士是我的新语文老师。A what什么;B which哪一个;C who谁;D why为什么。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是The woman,指人,在从句中作宾语,引导词需用who/that。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意识记定语从句中引导词的用法。
7.C
【解析】句意:在太空中给我们上课的女宇航员是刘洋。先行词是astronaut,在定语从句中做主语。指代人做主语,关系代词用who,which指代物,whose,谁的,做定语,whom指代人,做定语,故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记who的用法。
8.A
【解析】句意:我找不到我哥哥给我买的那本书。A:哪个,B:谁,C:什么时候,定语从句先行词是book,根据my brother bought me,可知buy sb sth给某人买某物,故从句中缺少宾语,指代物用which,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记which指代物作宾语的用法。
9.A
【解析】句意:《清明上河图》是一幅令人惊叹的艺术品,展示了北宋时期汴京繁忙街道的生动景象 。which引导定语从句,指物,常作主语或宾语;who引导定语从句,指人,常作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句。根据" The painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival is an
amazing artwork ____ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern
Song Dynasty. "可知," ____ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the
Northern Song Dynasty."为定语从句,修饰先行词artwork,指物,且从句缺少主语,应用which引导定语从句。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意:在解答定语从句的题目中,首先要找出或理解句子中的定语从句,并识别其关系词。在句子中找到被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,这个名词或代词就是先行词。先行词决定了关系词的选择。确定关系词的位置,关系词通常紧跟在先行词之后,引导定语从句。判断关系词的作用,关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分(主语、宾语、定语或状语)。根据先行词是人还是物来选择关系代词或考虑使用关系副词。如果先行词被特定的词(如序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词等)修饰,或者句子需要强调特定意义,通常使用that作为关系词。
10.C
【解析】句意:——你认识站在那边的女孩吗?——认识,她是我妹妹。A:什么时候(指时间);B:在哪里(指地点);C:谁(指代人);D:哪一个(指代事物)。根据先行词 the girl "女孩",可知先行词应用who,指代人。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词。注意熟记定语从句中,先行词为人时,关系词应用who。
11.C
【解析】——你喜欢什么类型的课外活动?——我喜欢那些关于体育和美术的活动。A谁,B谁,C哪个,D不填,句子是定语从句,缺少关系代词,先行词是activities,指物,定语从句缺少主语,指物做主语的关系代词用which,故选C。
【点评】考查which引导的定语从句。注意理解定语从句关系代词的用法。
12.B
【解析】句意:我正在找我昨天借的那本书。在这个句子中,"____ I borrowed yesterday"是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词"the book"。在定语从句中,我们需要选择一个关系代词来引导从句并代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。A选项"who"是一个关系代词,通常用于指代人。但在这个句子中,先行词是"the book",是一个物,所以"who"不合适。B选项"which"是一个关系代词,可以用于指代物,并在从句中作宾语。在这个句子中,"which"指代"the book"并在从句中作"borrowed"的宾语,所以"which"是正确的选择。C选项"what"通常用于引导名词性从句,而不是定语从句。在这个句子中,我们需要的是一个关系代词来引导定语从句,因此"what"不合适。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意判断定语从句引导词的方法。
13.A
【解析】句意:——他们正在谈论什么?——他们正在谈论能给老年人生活产生重大影响的AI机器人。A.which,关系代词,哪一个;B.when,关系副词,什么时候;C.whose,谁的;分析句子结构可知"……will make a big difference to the old people's life."是定语从句,修饰先行词robots,robots是物,在定语从句中作主语,因此用代物的关系代词,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。掌握which、whose、when在定语从句中的用法。
14.A
【解析】句意:他是一位帮助过我的老师。A指代人,B指代物,C指代时间,这个是定语从句,先行词是teacher,故指代人用who,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记who的用法。
15.B
【解析】句意:看,董宇辉这个著名的网红英语说得很好。what什么,不能引导定语从句;who谁,定语从句中修饰的先行词为人;which定语从句中修饰的先行词为物。根据"Dong Yuhui...is a famous live stream influencer can speak English very well."可知,先行词指人,且从句中缺少主语,应用who。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词。注意正确分析句子结构并判断句子语境,根据定语从句相关知识选择正确的关系代词。
16.C
【解析】句意:我们都缅怀吴孟超,他在医疗工作中挽救了成千上万条生命。 这是一个复合句,从句是定语从句,先行词Wu Mengchao是人,关系代词用who,which 指代物,what 不能引导定语从句,故选 C。
【点评】考查定语从句。解题关键看先行词是人还是物,人用 who/that,物用 which/that,熟记基础用法即可快速作答。
17.A
【解析】句意:颜宁是一位优秀的科学家,她不久后将会回到中国。她想为祖国做出贡献。who谁(可引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中充当主语或宾语);whom谁(可引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中充当宾语);which哪一个(可引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中充当主语或宾语)。根据"Yan Ning is an excellent scientist...will return to China in the near future."可知,"...will return to China in the near future"是定语从句,其先行词是scientist"科学家",从句引导词可用who/that/whom,结合题干和选项,此时引导词应充当该从句中的主语,此空应是who。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,积累词汇和语法知识,扩大词汇量,掌握常见词汇和短语的用法。深入学习语法知识,了解各种语法点的用法和区别。
18.B
【解析】句意:这是我昨天买的那本书。who,谁,关系代词(指代人,可在从句中作主语或宾语);that,那个,关系代词(可指代人或物,可在从句中作主语或宾语);whom,谁,关系代词(指代人,仅在从句中作宾语);what,什么,疑问代词(不能引导定语从句)。结合语句 "This is the book…I bought yesterday." 可知,此句为定语从句,先行词 "the book" 指物,需用可指代物的关系代词,that 符合要求,其他选项不符合 "指代物" 或 "引导定语从句" 的规则,故答案为 B。
【点评】考查定语从句的关系代词辨析。解题需先明确先行词的属性(指人或指物),再根据关系代词的用法规则选择,同时牢记 what 不能引导定语从句。
19.B
【解析】句意:我们永远不会忘记帮助和支持我们的老师和同学。which用于先行词是物时;who用于先行词是人时;when用于先行词表时间时;where用于先行词表地点时。根据本句先行词" teachers and classmates"指人,且在定语从句中充当主语,可知关系词需用who。故选B。【点评】考查定语从句。注意熟记定语从句中先行词为人,且关系词在从句中作主语时,关系词应用who。
20.A
【解析】句意:她喜欢演奏不同类型音乐的音乐家。A引导定语从句,指代人,B引导定语从句,指代物,C引导定语从句,指代地点,D引导定语从句,指代时间,根据play different kinds...,可知从句中缺少主语,只有人才能演奏音乐,故用who,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记who的用法。
21.A
【解析】句意:钟南山是一位伟大的医生,为千百万中国人所熟知。A.who谁;B.which哪一个;C.what什么。根据句子结构分析,此处句子为定语从句,先行词为"doctor,医生",指人,且在从句中作为主语,应用"who"引导。故选A。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析。注意识记定语从句的引导词。
22.A
【解析】句意:——你喜欢看什么类型的电影?——我更喜欢那些能让我思考的电影。分析句子结构可知本句含有定语从句,the movies是名词作先行词,指物,且是复数形式。从句缺少主语。先行词是复数形式,可推知从句谓语动词用原形。综上所述,关系代词用which,动词用原形。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。分析句子结构判断从句,根据先行词确定谓语动词及关系代词。
23.B
【解析】句意:我会把我所知道的所有关于我们中国传统的事情告诉彼得。A.all which错误表达;B.all that所有……;C.all what错误表达;D.that all语序错误。根据语境"I will tell Peter…I know about our traditions in China."可知,此处为定语从句,先行词是all,关系代词用that。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意识记定语从句中关系代词的用法。
24.D
【解析】句意:——你喜欢你的英语老师吗?——当然,因为她是一个对我帮助很大的老师。在定语从句中,A指代人,做宾语,B做定语,C指代物,D指代人,做主语,先行词是teacher,在从句中做主语。指代人用关系代词who,故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记who的用法。
25.C
【解析】句意:现在很多人喜欢买电动汽车。whom先行词是人,在句中作宾语;who先行词是人;which先行词是物;what不能引导定语从句。分析句子可知,空处缺少一个引导词引导定语从句,先行词是cars,表示物,所以关系词用which。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先理解关系词区别,然后根据先行词cars确定关系词。
26.A
【解析】句意:回顾过去三年,我感谢在学校遇到的每一个人。A.that引导定语从句,指人或物;B.where引导先行词是地点的定语从句;C.when引导先行词是时间的定语从句;D.which引导定语从句,指物。everyone是先行词,"I met at school"是定语从句,修饰先行词,先行词是人,关系代词要用who/that,应该使用that。故选A。
【点评】考查that引导的定语从句。掌握定语从句关系代词的选择方法。
27.A
【解析】句意:马克·吐温写的那些故事常常很幽默。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是"stories(故事)",指物,在从句中作主语,可用关系代词"that"或"which"引导。"those"不能引导定语从句;"who"用于指人的先行词;"what"不能引导定语从句。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句的关系代词,本题需明确先行词的类别(指物)以及不同关系代词的适用范围。
28.A
【解析】句意:他给我展示了在毕业典礼上拍的照片。A.that,关系代词,无实意;B.who,关系代词,谁;C.what,什么;分析句子结构可知,"he took at his graduation ceremony"是定语从句,修饰先行词photos,photos是物,在定语从句中作谓语took的宾语,因此用代人代物均可的that引导,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。掌握定语从句的结构特点,能选择正确的引导词。
29.B
【解析】句意:西蒙学习很努力。他总是做一切可以提高自己的事情。A引导定语从句,表示地点,B引导定语从句,指代物,C引导宾语从句,指代物,everything是定语从句的先行词,从句中缺少主语,所以用that,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记that的用法。
30.C
【解析】句意:并不是所有看这个视频的孩子都会成为科学家,但一些孩子可能会对科学产生兴趣。A. whom 谁(作宾语);B. which 哪一个(用于非生命事物);C. that 那个(限制性定语从句的关系代词);D. whose 谁的(表示所有格)。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个定语从句,先行词是children,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用who或that引导该从句。故选C。
【点评】考查限制性定语从句。注意辨别定语从句先行词指人还是指物亦或是指地点,关系词在从句中作的成分,然后再判断具体使用哪个关系代词或关系副词。
31.C
【解析】句意:你认识坐在Nancy后面的那个人吗 本句先行词是man,男人,主语是人,引导词用who或whom,分析句子可知,先行词在从句中作主语,用who。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意引导词的区分与运用。
32.D
【解析】句意:——你听说过他们正在谈论的那位著名演员和他的电影吗?——不,我没有。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个定语从句,先行词包含人和物,且关系词在从句中作宾语,故用 that 引导定语从句。故选 D。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意定语从句关系词的使用。
33.A
【解析】句意:——你喜欢哪种音乐?——我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。A. that可指人或物,引导定语从句时在从句中作主语或宾语;B. when引导定语从句时,在从句中作时间状语;C. who引导定语从句时,指人,在从句中作主语;D. where引导定语从句时,在从句中作地点状语。根据"I like music ________ I can dance to."可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为"music",指物,且在从句中作宾语,因此应该用关系代词"that"引导,故答案为:A。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意区分关系代词和关系副词的用法,关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语,关系副词在从句中作状语。同时,要根据先行词选择合适的关系词。
34.A
【解析】句意:——看!那是我昨天遇到的那个女人。——哦!她是我阿姨。分析句子结构可知此处是连词连接的复合句。the woman是名词作先行词,I met yesterday是限制性定语从句,met是及物动词,从句缺少宾语且先行词是指人,用关系代词who,who做宾语时可以省略。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。分析句子结构理清是神复合句。再选用适当的连词。
35.B
【解析】句意:这部关于母子之爱的电影打动了我们的心。A什么,不用于定语从句;B哪一,用于定语从句,指代事物;C为什么,用于定语从句,作状语询问原因;D谁,用于定语从句,指代人。根据先行词film"电影", is about the love between mother and son关于母子之爱的,可知句子为定语从句, 应用关系代词which,指代事物,在从句中作主语。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意熟记"which"在定语从句中是一个常用的关系代词,主要用于指代物或整个主句的内容。它在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可以引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。
36.A
【解析】句意:——我感到很紧张。我应该做什么?——你最好听帮你放松的音乐。分析句子结构,可知that后是定语从句,用来修饰"music"。B选项语法上错误,应是you can dance to。结合"I feel so nervous, what should I do "可知,本空给出的建议应是帮助对方缓解紧张心情,所以A选项(帮你放松)符合语境,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句和情景交际,在理解和分析定语从句时,还需要结合句子的语义和语境,以确保对定语从句的准确理解 。
37.C
【解析】句意:你需要两棵相距约10英尺的树,把帐篷挂在上面。ten feet apart约10英尺作前面two trees两棵树的定语,从from开始,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,A.there那儿,B.them它们,C. which哪一个,D.where哪里。能与介词连用引导非限制性定语从句的只有 which,故选C。
【点评】考查非限制性定语从句。注意句型、句式等的熟练掌握,区分关系代词及关系副词等区别,学会分析,选出最佳答案。
38.B
【解析】句意:真正的朋友是在你遇到困难时能帮助你的人。what什么(引导名词性从句);who谁(引导定语从句,指人);which哪一个(引导定语从句,指物);whose谁的(引导定语从句,表所属)。根据先行词"a man(人)",且定语从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词who引导,所以选B。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句的关系代词,注意根据先行词的指代对象(人/物)和从句中的成分,选择对应的关系代词。
39.C
【解析】句意:——你为什么这么担心?——我把我爸在我生日那天给我买的手表丢了。A:what什么,用于表语从句;B:whose谁的,后接名词;C:which哪一个,指代事物。 根据my dad bought me 我爸爸给我买的,用于修饰空格前名词watch,可知句子为定语从句,先行词watch表示物,关系词用which,故选C。
【点评】 考查定语从句。注意熟记定语从句先行词为物时,关系词可用which/that。
40.A
【解析】句意:我钦佩那些诚实努力的人。A who:关系代词,用于指代人,并在从句中作主语或宾语。在这个句子中,它指代"the people",并在从句中作主语。B whom:关系代词,用于指代人,但只能在从句中作宾语。由于在这个句子中我们需要一个可以在从句中作主语的代词,所以"whom"不合适。C which:关系代词,用于指代事物或动物,并在从句中作主语或宾语。由于这里我们需要指代的是人,所以"which"不适用。D whose:关系代词,用于表示所有关系,通常指某物或某人的。它并不适用于这个句子,因为我们不需要表达所有关系。在这个句子中,"the people"是先行词,我们需要一个关系代词来引导定语从句,并指代这些人。从句"are honest and hard-working"缺少主语,因此我们需要一个可以在从句中作主语的代词。而"who"正是这样一个代词,它可以指代人并在从句中作主语。
【点评】 考查定语从句中关系代词的选择。根据先行词的性质(人还是物)、在从句中的成分(主语还是宾语)以及单复数形式等因素选择合适的关系代词。
41.B
【解析】句意:谷爱玲作为一名优秀的运动员,自第24届冬季奥运会以来,在世界各地越来越受欢迎。A作宾语,省略,B引导定语从句,指代人,C引导定语从句,指代物,D引导宾语从句指代物,根据Eileen Gu是人,根据is an outstanding athlete,可知从句缺少主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记who指代人的用法。
42.A
【解析】句意:当我感到疲劳和沮丧的时候,我喜欢能使我开心的音乐。A引导定语从句,指代物,B引导定语从句,指代人,做主语,C引导宾语从句,指代物,D引导定语从句,指代人,作宾语,music是先行词引导定语从句,从句中缺少主语,指代物用that,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记关系代词that的用法。
43.A
【解析】句意:正在就《我是歌手》节目采访林志炫的年轻女士来自 21 世纪人才网。A. who谁,引导定语从句,指代人,在从句中作主语/宾语;B. whom谁,引导定语从句,指代人,在从句中作宾语;C. which哪一个,在定语从句作主语或宾语,指代事物;whose谁的,指人或者物,在定语从句中作定语,后接名词。根据先行词The young lady这个年轻的女士,可知先行词是人,空格后无名词,且分析 is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I Am a Singer ,可知从句缺少主语,因此此处要用到who来引导定语从句并在句中作主语。故选A。
【点评】考查who引导的定语从句。注意 "who"引导的定语从句是一个英语语法结构,用于修饰或限定表示人的名词或代词。在定语从句中,"who"作为关系代词,不仅引导从句,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
44.C
【解析】句意:据说你感兴趣的结果会尽快的被公布。A动名词,B动名词被动形式,C一般将来时被动语态,D一般将来时,result是先行词,在定语从句中作介词in的宾语,关系代词被省略。此处缺少从句的谓语动词,根据as soon as possible,可知描述将来用一般将来时,和主语result是被动关系。所以用一般将来时被动语态,故选C。
【点评】考查时态,语态,注意识记一般将来时被动语态的用法。
45.A
【解析】句意:——卡门喜欢什么样的音乐家?——她喜欢演奏不同类型音乐的音乐家。A引导定语从句,指代人,B引导宾语从句,指代物,C引导定语从句,指代物,D引导定语从句,做定语。musicians是定语从句的先行词,根据play可知从句中缺少主语,指代人,故用who,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记who的用法。
46.B
【解析】句意:你刚才对他非常粗鲁,你应该向他道歉。A. that那个,不能引导非限制性定语从句;B. which哪一个;C. what什么,不能引导定语从句;D. whom谁, 指代人。根据句子结构分析,此处为非限制性定语从句,且指代前面整个主句的情况用which。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句的引导词。注意识记定语从句的引导词的选择方法。
47.C
【解析】句意:——电影《满江红》的名字是从哪里来的?——这是南宋岳飞的一首诗。A:which哪一个;B:whom谁,宾格;C:who谁,主格;D:what什么,不能引导的定语从句。根据 It's from a poem of Yue Fei ____ lived during the Southern Song Dynasty. 可知空格处用指人的,关系代词指代Yue Fei,在定语从句作主语,用关系代词who,故选C。
【点评】 考查关系代词辨析。根据先行词在从句中所做的成分,选择正确的关系代词。
48.C
【解析】句意:他跟朋友开的玩笑太有趣了,大家都笑了。such"如此",修饰名词;so"如此",修饰形容词或副词;too"太",修饰形容词或副词。根据 he played on his friend 是限制性定语从句,先行词是物,关系词在从句中作宾语,用that/which引导定语从句,也可省略关系词; funny that it made everyone laugh是" adj. that...,意为"如此……以至于",引导结果状语从句,因此应用副词so,构成"so....that ..."句式,故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句和副词,本题涉及关系代词which/that引导的限制性定语从句以及so...that...引导的结果状语从句。
49.B
【解析】句意:你认识那个急匆匆穿过马路的女孩吗?A:哪一个,用于定语从句中指代事物;B:谁,用于定语从句中指代人; C:什么,用于宾语从句指代事物。根据空格前girl,可知空格后句子修饰名词,为定语从句,且指人,关系词应用who。故选B。
【点评】考查who引导的定语从句。注意分析定语从句先行词,选择正确的关系词。
50.A
【解析】句意:朋友是那些在你遇到困难时帮助你的人。A:谁(作主语/宾语,指代人);B:谁(作宾语,指代人);C:什么(不用于定语从句);D:怎样(不用于定语从句)。根据 those ____ help you when you are in trouble ,可知句子为定语从句,先行词those(指代friends"朋友"),指人,关系词在从句中作主语,可知关系词用who。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句先行词。注意熟记 "who"在定语从句中是一个关系代词,用于指代人,且在从句中作主语或宾语。 "whom"在定语从句中是一个关系代词,也用于指代人,但它在从句中通常作宾语。
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