【弯道超车】Unit 4 Changing and Growing 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版(新教材)八年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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【弯道超车】Unit 4 Changing and Growing 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版(新教材)八年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026-2027学年仁爱科普版八年级英语上册核心考点精讲精练
(新教材)Unit 4 Changing and Growing
核心词汇
1. 成长与变化类
词汇 音标 词性 释义 常见搭配/例句
grow /ɡr / v. 成长;生长 grow up(长大)
growth /ɡr θ/ n. 生长;成长 —
change /t e nd / n./v. 变化 go through changes(经历变化)
develop /d vel p/ v. 发展 development (n.)
teenager / ti ne d (r)/ n. 青少年 teen(口语)
adult / d lt/ n. 成年人 —
progress / pr ɡres/ n. 进步 make progress(取得进步)
challenge / t l nd / n. 挑战 face challenges(面对挑战)
stage /ste d / n. 阶段 an important stage(一个重要阶段)
period / p ri d/ n. 时期;一段时间 a long period of time(很长一段时间)
2. 身体与健康类
词汇 音标 词性 释义 常见搭配/例句
height /ha t/ n. 身高 reach one‘s full adult height(达到成年身高)
weight /we t/ n. 体重 put on weight(增重);lose weight(减肥)
breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸 take a deep breath(深吸一口气)
breathe /bri / v. 呼吸 breathe deeply(深呼吸)
pain /pe n/ n. 疼痛 in pain(在疼痛中)
flu /flu / n. 流感 have the flu(患流感)
healthy / helθi/ adj. 健康的 stay healthy(保持健康)
strong /str / adj. 强壮的 —
3. 情绪与心理类
词汇 音标 词性 释义 常见搭配/例句
nervous / n v s/ adj. 紧张的 feel nervous about(对……感到紧张)
lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的 feel lonely(感到孤独)
upset / p set/ adj./v. 沮丧的;使烦恼 look upset(看起来很沮丧)
stress /stres/ n. 压力 schoolwork stress(学业压力)
pressure / pre (r)/ n. 压力 pressure from others(来自他人的压力)
calm /kɑ m/ adj./v. 平静的;使平静 calm down(冷静下来)
disappointed / d s p nt d/ adj. 失望的 feel disappointed(感到失望)
4. 词形转换速查表(高频考点)
原词 → 转换词 词性 释义
help helpful / helpless adj. 有帮助的 / 无助的
care careful / careless adj. 小心的 / 粗心的
hope hopeful / hopeless adj. 有希望的 / 无望的
use useful / useless adj. 有用的 / 无用的
joy joyful adj. 快乐的
harm harmful adj. 有害的
success successful adj. 成功的
核心短语
分类 短语 释义 例句
成长变化 grow up 长大 I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
go through changes 经历变化 We are going through changes now.
make progress 取得进步 I have made great progress this term.
put on weight / gain weight 增重 I put on lots of weight.(我体重增加了许多。)
lose weight 减肥 —
情绪管理 calm down 冷静下来 Calm down and think it over.
cheer up 振作起来 Cheer up! Everything will be fine.
reduce stress 减轻压力 —
take a deep breath 深呼吸 I took a deep breath and felt relaxed.
人际关系 get along well with 与……相处融洽 She gets along well with her classmates.
keep in touch with 与……保持联系 We should keep in touch with old friends.
argue with 与……争论 Don’t argue with your parents.
make friends with 与……交朋友 —
解决问题 deal with 处理;解决 How do you deal with growing pains
compare...with... 把……与……相比 Don‘t compare yourself with others.(不要拿自己和别人比。)
ask for help 寻求帮助 —
face challenges 面对挑战 —
行为活动 sign up for 报名参加 I signed up for a music club.(我报名参加了音乐俱乐部。)
give a speech 发表演讲 I’m nervous about tomorrow‘s speech.
prepare for an exam 备考 —
其他 in the beginning / at first 起初 In the beginning, I felt lonely.
in the end 最后 —
no longer / not...any more 不再 I no longer worry about my weight.(我不再担心我的体重。)
at a loss 不知所措 I was at a loss what to do.(我不知道该怎么办。)
核心句型
1. regret doing / regret to do(高频考点)
regret doing sth. 表示“后悔做过某事”(事情已做);regret to do sth. 表示“遗憾要做某事”(事情未做)。
I really regretted doing that.(我真的很后悔那样做。)
I regret to tell you that you are late.(我很遗憾地告诉你,你迟到了。)
2. forget doing / forget to do(高频考点)
forget doing 表示“忘记做过某事”(事情已做);forget to do 表示“忘记去做某事”(事情未做)。
I will never forget seeing those paintings.(我永远不会忘记看过那些画。)
Don‘t forget to call your mom.(别忘了给你妈妈打电话。)
3. 课文经典句型
As teenagers grow in age, their bodies reach their full adult height.(随着青少年年龄的增长,他们的身体会长到成年人的身高。)
Then, how can you deal with the growing pains (那么,你如何应对成长的烦恼呢?)
Lastly, don’t compare yourself with others.(最后,不要拿自己和别人比较。)
Congratulations on moving to your new house!(祝贺你搬进新家!)
The flowers smell so good! I took a deep breath and the smell made me relaxed.(这些花闻起来真香!我深吸一口气,这气味让我放松下来。)
4. 描写成长的常用句型
句型 示例
I‘ve grown... taller this year. I’ve grown 5cm taller this year.(我今年长高了5厘米。)
My voice is starting to change. My voice is starting to change.(我的声音开始变了。)
I feel nervous before exams. I feel nervous before exams.(考试前我感到紧张。)
Staying positive is the key. Staying positive is the key.(保持积极是关键。)
语法聚焦
本单元的核心语法包括后缀-less和-ful的构词法、过去进行时(was/were doing)以及used to的用法。
1. 后缀 -less 和 -ful(构词法)
-ful加在名词后,构成形容词,意为“充满……的;具有……性质的”;-less加在名词后,构成形容词,意为“无……的;不……的”。
名词 + -ful + -less
help(帮助) helpful(有帮助的) helpless(无助的)
care(小心) careful(小心的) careless(粗心的)
hope(希望) hopeful(有希望的) hopeless(无望的)
use(使用) useful(有用的) useless(无用的)
harm(伤害) harmful(有害的) —
joy(喜悦) joyful(快乐的) —
本单元例句:Smoking is harmful. No one should smoke in public.(吸烟是有害的。任何人都不应该在公共场合吸烟。)
2. 过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,结构为 was/were + 现在分词。
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + doing I was reading a book at 8 p.m. last night.
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + doing She wasn‘t watching TV at that time.
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing Were they playing basketball at that time
常见时间状语:at 8 p.m. last night, at that time, this time yesterday, when/while引导的时间状语从句。
用法要点:过去进行时强调“过去某个时刻正在做”,而一般过去时强调“过去做了且已完成”。when后常接短暂动作(一般过去时),while后常接持续动作(过去进行时)。
3. used to 的用法
used to + 动词原形表示“过去常常做某事”或“过去存在的状态”,而现在不再如此,意为“过去常常……;曾经……”。
I used to get up late, but now I get up early.(我过去常常起床晚,但现在早起。)
There used to be a park near my house.(我家附近曾经有一个公园。)
1.She ________ arrive on time because of the heavy rain.
A.failed to B.failed in C.fails at D.fails with
2.It’s not good to ________ your parents. You should listen to them.
A.agree with B.argue with C.deal with D.connect with
3.He ________ a lot of time ________ his hobbies every week.
A.spends; in B.takes; on C.spends; on D.costs; in
4.If you have any difficulty, you can ________ your teacher ________ help.
A.ask; to B.ask; for C.tell; to D.tell; for
5.—I’m sorry I’m late for class.
—________. Don’t be late next time.
A.You’re welcome B.It doesn’t matter C.That’s right D.Thank you
6.She was happy to ________ a gift from her friend on her birthday.
A.send B.receive C.give D.bring
7.Eating ________ junk food is bad for your health.
A.too many B.much too C.too much D.many too
8.We ________ by his great achievements.
A.are encouraging B.encouraged C.are encouraged D.were encouraging
9.My ________ brother is a doctor in a big hospital.
A.older B.elder C.old D.eldest
10.The coach often encourages us ________ more exercise.
A.do B.doing C.to do D.done
11.She is ________ of passing the exam because she has studied hard.
A.confident B.worried C.afraid D.sure
12.My little sister wants to be a painter when she ________.
A.grows up B.grew up C.is growing up D.will grow up
13.It’s cold outside. Please ________ your warm clothes.
A.put off B.put on C.take off D.take on
14.He was so tired that he could ________ stand up.
A.almost B.hardly C.nearly D.always
15.________ my ________, I like to read some interesting books.
A.In; spare time B.On; free time C.At; spare time D.In; free times
16.I’m ________ ________ help you with your English.
A.glad; for B.glad; to C.glad; about D.glad; with
17.He was late for school ________ the heavy traffic.
A.because B.because of C.as D.since
18.The teacher ________ us ________ more reading after class.
A.advises; to do B.suggests; to do C.advises; doing D.suggests; do
19.Playing computer games all day is ________ ________ time.
A.a waste; of B.waste; of C.a waste; for D.waste; for
20.It takes a lot of ________ to stand up and speak in public.
A.courage B.brave C.bravery D.courageous
21.Everyone expresses their ideas ________, so we should respect different opinions.
A.in their own ways B.in one’s own ways
C.with their own ways D.by one’s own ways
22.The school is organizing a volunteer activity. Are you going to ________
A.sign in B.sign up C.sign out D.sign for
23.Our school doesn’t ________ ________ in the classrooms.
A.allow; eat B.allow; eating C.let; eating D.make; eating
24.It was a ________ experience for her to say goodbye to her hometown.
A.pain B.pressure C.painful D.painfully
25.Learning how to ________ difficulties is an important skill for everyone.
A.deal with B.compare with C.shine with D.discover with
26.It’s unfair to ________ a beginner ________ an expert—they have different levels.
A.compare; with B.deal; with C.discover; with D.shine; with
27.Many ________ find it hard to balance study and hobbies during high school.
A.teenagers B.periods C.stages D.voices
28.They ________ at the party last night, dancing and singing all the time.
A.enjoyed themselves B.enjoyed them
C.enjoyed ourselves D.enjoy themselves
29.It’s important to learn how to ________ classmates in a new school.
A.get along well with B.get up C.get off D.get back
30.My sister ________ reading books in the library on weekends.
A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoying D.to enjoy
31.Let me ________ my best friend to you—this is Lily, who is very kind.
A.introduce B.introduction C.introducing D.introduced
32.She was late for school ________ she missed the early bus.
A.so B.but C.because D.and
33.My brother ________ playing basketball and he often wins matches.
A.is good for B.is good at C.is good with D.is good to
34.Let’s play a ________ of chess after dinner. It will be fun.
A.race B.match C.competition D.game
35.The little girl was sad, so her mother told a funny story to ________ her ________.
A.cheer; on B.cheer; up C.laugh; at D.upset; with
36.She felt ________ when her parents left for another city, even though there were many people around her.
A.alone B.lonely C.happy D.angry
37.It’s not easy to ________ friends with people from different cultural backgrounds.
A.do B.make C.get D.take
38.She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the funny story.
A.laugh B.laughed C.laughing D.to laugh
39.Help ________ to some fruits, kids. They are fresh.
A.yourself B.yourselves C.you D.yours
40.We have kept in touch ________ each other since we graduated from college.
A.with B.to C.for D.by
41.She ________ she might miss the important meeting.
A.worries about B.worried that C.worries with D.worried for
42.If it ________ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
A.rain B.rains C.rained D.will rain
43.The ________ car caught my attention on the street.
A.move B.moved C.moving D.moves
44.Mr. Zhu gave us much ________ on how to learn English.
A.advice B.advise C.suggestion D.suggest
45.After sharing different ________, the class decided to discuss them and chose the best one.
A.advice B.advise C.suggestions D.suggest
46.To our________, Sam wasn’t ________ at the ________ news.
A.surprise; surprised; surprise B.surprise; surprised; surprising
C.surprised; surprising; surprised D.surprising; surprised; surprise
47.—Where were you at 8 yesterday evening
—I ________ a movie in a city cinema with my wife. After that, we went home.
A.was watching B.will watch C.watched D.is watching
48.We didn’t tell them we were coming. They felt ________ when they saw us at the station.
A.interested B.surprised C.bored D.stupid
49.The old man lives ________, but he doesn’t feel ________.
A.lonely; lonely B.alone; lonely C.lonely; alone D.alone; alone
50.My parents were ________ that I didn’t do well in the exam. I promised them I would study harder next time.
A.disappointed B.proud C.lively D.elderly
51.—I’m really ________ before the exam.
—Don’t worry. You are the best.
A.local B.nervous C.comfortable D.confident
52.—Did you notice him come in
—No. I ________ a football match on TV.
A.watch B.watched C.will watch D.was watching
53.—Hi, Tom. I called you last night but nobody answered.
—Oh, sorry, Jimmy. I ________ my grandparents at that time.
A.visited B.will visit C.was visiting D.have visited
54.Parents shouldn’t ________ their kids with others. Everyone is special in the world.
A.compare B.fill C.enjoy D.help
55.—What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday
—Pardon Sorry, I ________ about something else.
A.think B.thought C.will think D.was thinking
56.—Why didn’t you watch the football match last night
—I ________ my grandparents cook dinner at that time.
A.help B.helped C.am helping D.was helping
57.—Why didn’t you answer my call at nine last night
—Sorry, I ________ a shower. I left my phone in the living room.
A.have B.had C.am having D.was having
58.A ________ soldier who was ________ in the sickroom said: “If I am ________ please give this letter to my wife. ”
A.dead; lying; dying B.dead; lying; died
C.dying; lying; died D.dying; lying; dead
59.My family ________ dinner when the earthquake started suddenly.
A.have B.had C.were having D.are having
60.—What ________ you ________ during the snowstorm
—I was staying in a hotel.
A.do; do B.did; do C.were; doing D.will; do
61.Jingjing ________ along the path by the lake at this time yesterday.
A.is jogging B.jogs C.jogged D.was jogging
62.I didn’t see what happened. I ________ about what to do next at that time.
A.think B.thought C.am thinking D.was thinking
63.—How was your New Year’s Day holiday
—Great! The fireworks show was so beautiful that it took my ________ away.
A.wing B.sense C.breath D.dream
64.—How do you ________ with your best friend
—I think I’m funnier than him.
A.compare B.communicate C.perform D.describe
65.—What was your brother doing at this time last night
—He ________ a TV show about space travel.
A.was watching B.will watch C.watched D.watches
66.She ________ her height with her sister’s and found she was taller.
A.compared B.challenged C.connected D.covered
67.—I called you last night, but nobody answered. Where were you then
—I ________ a walk by the lake with my grandfather.
A.had B.am having C.was having D.have
68.—You were not in your office at nine this morning. Where were you
—I ________ our new school to the foreign friends in the school hall at that time.
A.introduced B.will introduce C.am introducing D.was introducing
69.—What were you doing at 8:00 last night
—I ________ my homework.
A.do B.did C.was doing D.am doing
70.—I met Jack when I passed by the garden.
—Yes, he _______ some flowers with the help of his mother.
A.planted B.is planting C.was planting D.will plant
71.—What were you doing at half past four yesterday afternoon, Jim
—I ________ lessons in my bedroom.
A.am reviewing B.have reviewed C.was reviewing D.will review
72.________ is the first step to success, so believe in yourself.
A.Confidence B.Education C.Attention D.Service
73.Tears of joy ran down her face when she heard the good news.
A.happiness B.health C.dream D.danger
74.—What ________ you ________ at 8:00 last night
—I was reading a book.
A.do; do B.did; do C.are; doing D.were; doing
75.—I called you last night but you didn’t answer the phone.
—I ________ movies with my friends in the cinema.
A.watch B.watched C.have watched D.was watching
76.—Hi, Daniel. You didn’t attend the chess class last night.
—Oh, I ________ my computer.
A.repair B.have repaired C.am repairing D.was repairing
77.— Where were you at half past four yesterday afternoon, Tom
—I ________ lessons in my bedroom.
A.reviewed B.am reviewing C.was reviewing D.have reviewed
78.While he ________ the piano, his mother came back.
A.plays B.played C.is playing D.was playing
79.The students ________ so happily that they didn’t notice the teacher coming in.
A.were talking B.are talking C.will talk D.talk
80.—I called you at half past eight last night but nobody answered.
—Oh, sorry. I ________ a movie with my cousin at the theatre then.
A.watched B.am watching C.was watching D.will watch
81.—What ________ you ________ at 9:00 last Saturday
—I was reading a book about youth.
A.do; do B.did; do C.am; doing D.were; doing
82.Wang Junfeng is good at running and he always gets high ________ in the running race.
A.bands B.scores C.chances D.teams
83.Don’t worry about me, Mom. I’m ________ a child.
A.no longer B.because of C.of course D.any longer
84.Junk food seems delicious. However, it is surely ________ to our health.
A.harm B.harmful C.harmless D.harms
85.He ________ a gift from his friend but he didn’t ________ it.
A.received; accept B.accepted; receive C.received; accepted D.accepts; received
86.We didn’t win the match, but we are still full of ________. I believe we can win next time.
A.idea B.joy C.confidence D.surprise
87.I ________ along the path by the lake at this time yesterday.
A.am jogging B.jog C.was jogging D.jogged
88.If you want to be a good friend, you should be ________. Don’t lie to others.
A.honest B.helpful C.outgoing D.generous
89.I made some ________ mistakes in the last exam.
A.careful B.careless C.helpful D.helpless
90.I sent a ________ to my friend when I was traveling in Paris.
A.firework B.postcard C.robot D.ticket
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1.A
【解析】句意:因为大雨,她没能准时到达。
failed to未能做到;failed in在……方面失败;fails at不擅长;fails with在……方面失败。根据“because of the rain”可知大雨导致她“未能”准时到达,fail to do sth.表示“未能做某事”,应填failed to。
2.B
【解析】句意:和你的父母争吵是不对的,你应该听从他们的话。
agree with同意;argue with与……争论;deal with处理;connect with与……联系。根据“You should listen to them.”可知,此处表达和父母争吵是不好的行为,应填argue with。
3.C
【解析】句意:他每周花很多时间在爱好上。
spends花费(主语为人,常用搭配spend time/money on sth./in doing sth.);takes花费(常用于句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.);costs花费(主语通常为物)。根据句意和句子结构可知,主语“He”是人,表示“在某事上花费时间”应使用固定搭配“spend time on sth.”,故选spends; on。
4.B
【解析】句意:如果你有任何困难,你可以向你的老师寻求帮助。
ask问,请求;tell告诉。根据句意和固定搭配“ask sb. for help(向某人寻求帮助)”可知,此处表示遇到困难时向老师求助,情态动词can后接动词原形,故选ask;for。
5.B
【解析】句意:——对不起,我上课迟到了。——没关系。下次别迟到了。
You’re welcome不客气;It doesn’t matter没关系;That’s right那是对的;Thank you谢谢你。根据上句的道歉语“I’m sorry I’m late for class.”可知,此处需要回应对方的歉意,表达“没关系”。
6.B
【解析】句意:她很高兴在生日那天收到朋友送的礼物。
send发送;receive收到;give给;bring带来。根据“a gift from her friend”可知,礼物是朋友送来的,她是“收到礼物”,receive符合语境。应填receive。
7.C
【解析】句意:吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
too many太多(修饰可数名词复数);much too太(修饰形容词/副词);too much太多(修饰不可数名词);many too无此搭配。句中junk food是不可数名词,需要用可修饰不可数名词的短语表达“太多”,too much符合用法。
8.C
【解析】句意:我们被他伟大的成就鼓舞了。
主语We是动作encourage的承受者,因此需要用被动语态,被动语态的基本结构是:be动词+动词过去分词,故填are encouraged。
9.B
【解析】句意:我的哥哥是一家大医院的医生。
older更年长的(侧重年龄对比,不作定语修饰亲人);elder年长的(用于家庭成员长幼排序);old老的;eldest最年长的。此处表示家中兄长,固定用elder brother。
10.C
【解析】句意:教练经常鼓励我们多做运动。
“encourage sb to do sth”是固定搭配,意为 “鼓励某人做某事”,所以此处用不定式to do。
11.A
【解析】句意:她对通过这场考试很有信心,因为她学习十分刻苦。
confident自信的,be confident of意为“对……有信心”;worried担心的;afraid害怕的;sure确定的,be sure of意为“确信”。根据下文“because she has studied hard.”,此处强调因为努力学习而有信心,所以选confident。
12.A
【解析】句意:我的小妹妹长大后想成为一名画家。
根据题干“when she ________”是时间状语从句,主句wants是一般现在时表示“意愿”或“打算”,描述的是现在的想法,从句用一般现在时表将来发生的动作,主语she是第三人称单数,应填grows up。
13.B
【解析】句意:外面很冷。请穿上你的暖和衣服。
put off推迟;put on穿上;take off脱下;take on承担。根据语境“外面冷”,应该是穿上暖和的衣服,应填put on。
14.B
【解析】句意:他太累了,几乎站不起来。
almost几乎;hardly几乎不;nearly将近;always总是。根据语境“He was so tired that he could…stand up.”,hardly表示“几乎不”,符合“累到几乎站不起来”的语境。
15.A
【解析】句意:在我的空闲时间里,我喜欢读一些有趣的书。
In在……里;On在……上;At在;spare time空闲时间;free time空闲时间;free times错误(time不可数,无复数)。根据题干“my ________”可知,表示“在某人的空闲时间”,应用介词短语in one’s spare time,为固定表达;free time的固定搭配为in one’s free time也可表示“在某人的空闲时间”。综合选项,应填In; spare time。
16.B
【解析】句意:我很高兴帮助你学习英语。
be glad for为某人高兴;be glad to很高兴去做,to是动词不定式,后接动词原形;be glad about对某件事感到高兴,about是介词,后接(动)名词;be glad with无此搭配。根据动词原形“help”和“help you with your English”可知,“很高兴”帮助学习英语,应填glad; to。
17.B
【解析】句意:因为交通拥堵,他上学迟到了。
because后接完整句子;because of后接名词、名词短语、动名词。 the heavy traffic(拥堵的交通)是名词短语,需用because of;as、since也可表原因,引导原因状语从句,不可直接接名词短语。
18.A
【解析】句意:老师建议我们课后多阅读。advise建议;suggest建议。根据空格后有人称代词us作宾语可知,此处需使用advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事)的搭配,应填advises; to do。
19.A
【解析】句意:整天玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
a waste of是固定短语,意为 “浪费……”,B选项缺少不定冠词a;C和D选项中介词for使用错误。应填a waste; of。
20.A
【解析】句意:在公众场合站起来发言需要很多勇气。
courage勇气,是名词;brave勇敢的,是形容词;bravery勇敢,是名词;courageous勇敢的。由“a lot of”可知此处应填名词,bravery强调“在危险、战斗中表现出的英勇行为”,而“courage”更强调面对困难、危险等时内心的勇气,it takes courage to do sth.“做某事需要勇气”,是固定常用搭配,所以courage更符合语境。
21.A
【解析】句意:每个人都用自己的方式表达想法,所以我们应当尊重不同的观点。
in one’s own ways“用某人自己的方式”是固定短语,主语Everyone对应物主代词their;介词固定用in,不用with/by。故填in their own ways。
22.B
【解析】句意:学校正在组织一次志愿者活动。你打算报名参加吗?
sign in签到,登记入住;sign up报名参加,注册;sign out签退,离开;sign for签收。根据句意可知,前文提到学校正在组织志愿者活动,因此后文询问对方是否打算“报名参加”该活动,应填sign up。
23.B
【解析】句意:我们学校不允许在教室内吃东西。
allow允许;eat吃,动词原形;eating吃,动名词或现在分词。let让;make使/让。动词allow的固定搭配是“allow doing sth.”意为“允许做某事”;let和make是使役动词,搭配为“let/make sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”,后面要接宾语再加动词原形,不能直接接动名词。根据句子没有动作宾语、直接表达禁止该行为的语境,应填allow; eating。
24.C
【解析】句意:对于她来说,告别家乡是痛苦的经历。
pain痛苦,是名词;pressure压力,是名词;painful痛苦的,是形容词;painfully“痛苦地”。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词 “experience”。
25.A
【解析】句意:学会如何应对困难是每个人的一项重要技能。
deal with应对/处理;compare with与……比较;shine with闪耀着;discover with无此常用搭配。根据空格后“difficulties”可知,此处是指应对困难,应填deal with。
26.A
【解析】句意:把新手和专家作比较是不公平的——他们的水平各不相同。
固定搭配compare A with B意为“把 A 和 B 作比较”;deal with意为“处理”;discover意为“发现”,shine意为“照耀”,这两个词通常不和with搭配。根据后半句“他们水平不同”可知,此处表达对比两者,compare…with符合语境。
27.A
【解析】句意:许多青少年在高中期间很难兼顾学习和兴趣爱好。
teenagers青少年;periods时期;stages阶段;voices声音。根据“balance study and hobbies during high school”可知是 “青少年”,teenagers符合语境。其他选项均不指 “人”,与句意不符。
28.A
【解析】句意:昨晚他们在派对上玩得很开心,全程又唱又跳。
enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”,主语是they,反身代词用themselves;由“last night”可知句子时态为一般过去时,应使用动词过去式enjoyed。
29.A
【解析】句意:在新学校里,学会如何与同学和睦相处是很重要的。
get along well with与……相处融洽;get up起床;get off下车;get back返回。根据“in a new school”以及语境,句子表达的是与同学相处融洽,应填get along well with。
30.B
【解析】句意:我的姐姐周末喜欢在图书馆看书。
主语My sister是第三人称单数,on weekends用于一般现在时,谓语动词用三单形式enjoys。
31.A
【解析】句意:让我向你介绍一下我最好的朋友——这是莉莉,她非常善良。
introduce介绍(动词原形);introduction介绍(名词);introducing介绍(动词的现在分词);introduced介绍(动词的过去式/过去分词)。根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处位于使役动词“let”之后,固定搭配let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,因此此处需要使用动词原形作宾语补足语,故填introduce。
32.C
【解析】句意:她上学迟到了,因为她错过了早班车。
so因此,表结果;but但是,表转折;because因为,表原因;and并且,表顺承。后句是迟到的原因,用because,故选because。
33.B
【解析】句意:我哥哥擅长打篮球,他经常赢得比赛。
is good for对……有益;is good at擅长;is good with与……相处好;is good to对……好。根据后句“he often wins matches”可知,他擅长打篮球,应填is good at。
34.D
【解析】句意:晚饭后我们下一盘棋吧,会很有意思。
race赛跑、竞速;match正式对抗赛(球赛、对抗赛事);competition规模更大的竞赛、锦标赛;game泛指一局、一盘小游戏。a game of chess是固定表达,意思是“一盘棋”,应填game。
35.B
【解析】句意:小女孩很伤心,所以妈妈讲了一个有趣的故事让她振作起来。
cheer on为……加油;cheer up使振作,使开心;laugh at嘲笑;upset with对……心烦。根据小女孩难过的语境,妈妈讲故事是为了让她开心振作,用固定搭配cheer sb. up。
36.B
【解析】句意:当父母去往另一座城市时,她感到孤单,尽管身边有很多人。
alone独自的(客观状态);lonely孤独寂寞的(内心感受);happy开心的;angry生气的。此处体现内心孤单的情绪,故填lonely。
37.B
【解析】句意:和来自不同文化背景的人交朋友并不容易。
do做;make制造,使得;get得到,变得;take拿,带走。根据句意和固定搭配“make friends with sb.(与某人交朋友)”可知,此处表示结交朋友,故选make。
38.C
【解析】句意:当她听到那个有趣的故事时,她忍不住笑了。
根据题干“couldn’t help ________”可知,can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.是动词短语,意为“忍不住做某事”,应填laughing。
39.B
【解析】句意:孩子们,随便吃点水果吧,都很新鲜。
yourself你自己;yourselves你们自己;you你/你们;yours你的/你们的。固定搭配help oneself to sth.表示“随便享用某物”,句中kids是复数,对应反身代词yourselves,故选yourselves。
40.A
【解析】句意:自从大学毕业以来,我们一直彼此保持联系。
with和;to到;for为了;by通过。“keep in touch with sb.” 是固定短语,意为 “与某人保持联系”。
41.B
【解析】句意:她担心她可能会错过重要的会议。
worries about担心(后接名词或动名词,不接从句);worried that担心(后接宾语从句,表示“担心……”);worries with错误搭配;worried for错误搭配。根据题干“she might miss...”是宾语从句,应用that引导,应填worried that。
42.B
【解析】句意:如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
根据“If it … tomorrow”可知,此处为条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,且主语“it”为第三人称单数,应填rains。
43.C
【解析】句意:街上那辆正在行驶的汽车吸引了我的注意。
move动词原形;moved过去式/过去分词;moving形容词,意为“移动中的”;moves动词第三人称单数。此处修饰名词car,需要形容词,moving car表示行驶中的汽车,故填moving。
44.A
【解析】句意:朱老师给了我们很多关于如何学英语的建议。
advice建议,不可数名词;advise建议,动词;suggestion建议,可数名词;suggest建议,动词。much修饰不可数名词,应填advice。
45.C
【解析】句意:在分享了不同的建议之后,全班决定对这些建议展开讨论,并选出最佳的那一个。
advice建议;advise建议;suggestions建议;suggest建议。根据“different”可知,此处应填名词复数形式。“advice”是不可数名词,“advise”和“suggest”是动词,均不符合要求,应填suggestions。
46.B
【解析】句意:令我们惊讶的是,萨姆对这个令人惊讶的消息一点也不感到惊讶。
surprise名词,惊讶;surprised形容词,感到惊讶的,常修饰人;surprising形容词,令人惊讶的,常修饰物。第一空:“To our surprise(令我们惊讶的是)”为常用搭配,填名词;第二空:主语Sam是人,填surprised;第三空:修饰news(物),填surprising。
47.A
【解析】句意:——昨晚八点你在哪里?——我正和妻子在一家城市电影院看电影。在那之后,我们就回家了。
问句中“at 8 yesterday evening”表示过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作,需用过去进行时,结构为“was/were + 现在分词”,主语为I,be动词用was,watch的现在分词为watching。
48.B
【解析】句意:我们没有告诉他们我们要来。当他们在车站看到我们时,他们感到惊讶。
interested感兴趣的;surprised惊讶的;bored无聊的;stupid愚蠢的。根据“We didn’t tell them we were coming.”可知,这次见面未提前告知,属于突然造访,因此看到我们时应该感到“惊讶”。
49.B
【解析】句意:这个老人独自居住,但是他不感到孤独。
alone独自,强调客观状态,即独自一人,没有陪伴;lonely孤独的,强调主观感受,即内心感到孤独、寂寞。第一个空,根据“lives”可知,此处指老人独自居住,强调客观状态,用alone;第二个空,根据“feel”可知,此处指老人不感到孤独,强调主观感受,用lonely。
50.A
【解析】句意:我的父母对我考试没考好感到失望。我向他们保证下次会更加努力学习。
disappointed失望的;proud自豪的;lively活泼的;elderly年老的。根据“I didn’t do well in the exam”可知考试表现不佳,父母对此感到失望,应填disappointed。
51.B
【解析】句意:——考试前我真的很紧张。——别担心,你是最棒的。
考查形容词辨析。local当地的;nervous紧张的;comfortable舒适的;confident自信的。根据答语“Don’t worry. You are the best.”可推断,说话者在考试前感到紧张,因此对方才进行安慰。故选B。
52.D
【解析】句意:——你注意到他进来了吗?——没有。我当时正在电视上看一场足球赛。
考查时态辨析。watch观看,一般现在时;watched观看,一般过去时;will watch将观看,一般将来时;was watching正在观看,过去进行时。根据问句“Did you notice him come in ”可知,答语描述的是“他进来”那一刻正在进行的动作,强调过去某一时刻正在发生的事,应用过去进行时。故选D。
53.C
【解析】句意:——嗨,汤姆。我昨晚给你打电话了,但没人接。——哦,抱歉,吉米。我当时正在拜访我的爷爷奶奶。
考查过去进行时。根据“at that time”可知,此处强调过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作,应使用过去进行时。故选C。
54.A
【解析】句意:父母不应该拿自己的孩子和别人比较。每个人在世界上都是独特的。
考查动词辨析。compare比较;fill填满;enjoy享受;help帮助。根据后句“Everyone is special in the world.”可知,此处强调不要“比较”孩子,因为每个人都是独特的。故选A。
55.D
【解析】句意:——你即将到来的寒假计划是什么?——请再说一遍?抱歉,我刚才在想别的事情。
考查动词时态。根据“Pardon Sorry”可知,回答者刚才没听清对方的话,是因为“刚才正在想别的事情”,强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选D。
56.D
【解析】句意:——你昨晚为什么没看足球赛?——那时我正在帮我的祖父母做饭。
考查过去进行时。根据问句“Why didn’t you watch ... last night ”和答语中“at that time”可知,此处强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选D。
57.D
【解析】句意:——昨晚九点你为什么不接我的电话?——对不起,我当时正在洗澡。我把手机落在客厅了。
考查动词时态。根据语境可知,昨晚九点没接电话是因为当时正在洗澡,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,要用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were+现在分词”,主语是I,be动词用was,have的现在分词是having。故选D。
58.D
【解析】句意:一个躺在病房里的垂死士兵说:“如果我死了,请把这封信交给我的妻子。”
考查形容词与动词形式辨析。dying垂死的,作定语;lying躺,lie的现在分词,与was构成过去进行时;dead死的,形容词,作表语;died死,die的过去式,不能直接跟在am后。根据句意,第一空用dying修饰soldier,第二空用lying表示“正躺着”,第三空用dead作表语。故选D。
59.C
【解析】句意:当地震突然发生的时候,我的家人正在吃晚饭。
考查动词时态。根据“when the earthquake started suddenly”可知,当地震发生的时候,我的家人正在吃晚饭,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应该用过去进行时,其结构是“was/were+doing”,主语“My family”在这里表示家人,是复数概念,所以be动词用were,“have”的现在分词是“having”,所以此处应填“were having”。故选C。
60.C
【解析】句意:——暴风雪期间你在做什么?——我当时正待在一家酒店里。
考查动词时态。根据答句“I was staying in a hotel.”可知,答句使用的是过去进行时,表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作,由此可推断问句是在询问过去某个时间(暴风雪期间)正在做什么,所以应该用过去进行时“were; doing” 。故选C。
61.D
【解析】句意:昨天这个时候,晶晶正在沿着湖边的小路慢跑。
考查动词时态。is jogging正在慢跑,现在进行时;jogs慢跑,一般现在时;jogged慢跑,一般过去时;was jogging正在慢跑,过去进行时。根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”可知,描述过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时was jogging。故选D。
62.D
【解析】句意:我没看到发生了什么。那时我正在思考接下来该做什么。
考查时态。根据“at that time”可知,句子强调的是过去的某个时刻正进行的动作,用过去进行时was thinking。故选D。
63.C
【解析】句意:——你的元旦假期过得怎么样?——太棒了!烟花表演如此美丽,以至于让我喘不过气来。
考查名词辨析。wing翅膀;sense感觉;breath呼吸;dream梦想。“take one’s breath away”表示“(因美丽或惊讶)令人屏息/惊叹”,符合语境中烟花表演带来的震撼效果。故选C。
64.A
【解析】句意:——你和你最好的朋友比较起来怎么样?——我觉得我比他更有趣。
考查动词辨析。compare比较;communicate交流;perform表演,表现;describe描述。根据答语“I think I’m funnier than him.”,这是在比较两个人的特点,可知问句是在询问比较的结果。动词“compare”与“with”搭配,表示“与……相比”。故选A。
65.A
【解析】句意:——昨晚这个时候你哥哥在做什么?——他正在看一个关于太空旅行的电视节目。
考查过去进行时。根据问句“What was your brother doing at this time last night ”可知,询问的是过去某个具体时间正在发生的动作,需用过去进行时回答。故选A。
66.A
【解析】句意:她把自己的身高和她姐姐的身高作了比较,发现她更高。
考查动词辨析。compared比较;challenged挑战;connected连接;covered覆盖。根据“She...her height with her sister’s and found she was taller.”可知,此处是通过“比较”得出的发现,compare…with…“把……和……比较”。故选A。
67.C
【解析】句意:——我昨晚给你打电话了,但是没人接。你那时在哪里?——我和我爷爷正在湖边散步。
考查时态。had为一般过去时;am having为现在进行时;was having为过去进行时;have为一般现在时。根据“I called you last night, but nobody answered. Where were you then ”可知,此处描述的是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,即昨晚打电话时正在进行的动作,需用过去进行时,C项符合。故选C。
68.D
【解析】句意:——今天早上九点你不在办公室。你在哪里?——当时我正在学校礼堂向外国朋友介绍我们的新学校。
考查动词时态。根据问句“Where were you ”以及答句中“at that time”可知,此处指在今天早上九点这个过去的时间点正在发生的事情,所以应该用过去进行时“was/were+现在分词”,主语为I,be动词用was。故选D。
69.C
【解析】句意:——昨晚八点你在做什么?——我在做作业。
考查过去进行时。根据问句“What were you doing at 8:00 last night ”可知,询问的是过去某个具体时间点(昨晚8点)正在进行的动作,答句需用过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)。故选C。
70.C
【解析】句意:——我路过花园的时候遇见了杰克。——是的,他当时正在妈妈的帮助下种花。
考查动词的时态。planted种植,一般过去时;is planting正在种植,现在进行时;was planting正在种植,过去进行时;will plant将要种植,一般将来时。根据“I met Jack when I passed by the garden”可推知,“遇见杰克”是过去的动作,同时“种花”这个动作正在进行,所以用过去进行时“was planting”。故选C。
71.C
【解析】句意:——吉姆,昨天下午四点半你正在做什么?——我正在卧室里复习功课。
考查动词时态。am reviewing现在进行时;have reviewed现在完成时;was reviewing过去进行时;will review一般将来时。根据“What were you doing at half past four yesterday afternoon, Jim ”可知,问句询问过去某一时间点正在做的事情,所以时态为过去进行时,故选C。
72.A
【解析】句意:信心是成功的第一步,所以要相信自己。
考查名词辨析。Confidence自信;Education教育;Attention注意力;Service服务。根据后半句“so believe in yourself”可知,此处强调“自信”是成功的基础,故选A。
73.A
【解析】句意:当她听到这个好消息时,喜悦的泪水从她的脸上流下。
考查名词辨析。happiness幸福;health健康;dream梦想;danger危险。根据“when she heard the good news”可知,听到好消息时流泪,表达的是积极情感,happiness与joy“喜悦”意思相近,均表示快乐或幸福。故选A。
74.D
【解析】句意:——昨晚8点钟你正在做什么?——我正在读书。
考查时态。根据时间状语“at 8:00 last night(昨晚8点钟)”可知,该句时态为过去进行时,结构为“was/were+现在分词”,主语为you,be动词用were;do“做”,是实义动词,现在分词为doing。故选D。
75.D
【解析】句意:——昨晚我给你打电话,但你没接电话。——我正在电影院和朋友们看电影。
考查过去进行时。根据“last night”和“didn’t answer”可知,对方当时正在看电影,强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,需用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。
76.D
【解析】句意:——嗨,丹尼尔。你昨晚没去上国际象棋课。——哦,我当时正在修我的电脑。
考查动词时态。根据“You didn’t attend the chess class last night.”可知,丹尼尔昨晚没去上国际象棋课,由此推断他当时正在做其他事情,即修电脑,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应该用过去进行时“was/were + 现在分词”,主语“I”是第一人称单数,be动词用was,repair的现在分词是repairing,所以此处应填was repairing。故选D。
77.C
【解析】句意:——昨天下午四点半你在哪里,汤姆?——我在我的卧室里复习功课。
考查时态辨析。reviewed复习,用于一般过去时;am reviewing正在复习,用于现在进行时;was reviewing正在复习,用于过去进行时;have reviewed已经复习,用于现在完成时。根据时间状语“at half past four yesterday afternoon”可知,“昨天下午四点半”这是一个具体的过去时间点,强调动作在当时正在进行,需用过去进行时。选项C符合此语境,表示在那个时刻Tom正在复习功课。故选C。
78.D
【解析】句意:他正在弹钢琴时,他的妈妈回来了。
考查谓语动词时态。句子是while引导的时间状语从句,主句时态为一般过去时,从句时态需用过去进行时,结构为was+现在分词。故选D。
79.A
【解析】句意:学生们当时正在如此开心地聊天,以至于他们没有注意到老师进来。
考查时态。根据“that they didn’t notice the teacher coming in”可知动作发生在过去,且“聊天”是当时持续进行的动作,因此应使用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选A。
80.C
【解析】句意:——我昨晚八点半给你打电话,但没人接。——哦,对不起。我当时正在剧院和我表弟看电影。
考查过去进行时。watched观看,一般过去时;am watching正在观看,现在进行时;was watching正在观看,过去进行时;will watch将要观看,一般将来时。根据“then”指代“at half past eight last night”可知,强调过去某个具体时间点动作正在进行,需用过去进行时was/were+doing表示。故选C。
81.D
【解析】句意:——上周六9点你正在做什么? ——我正在读一本关于青春的书。
考查过去进行时。根据答句“I was reading a book”可知,问句询问过去具体时间点“last Saturday at 9:00”正在进行的动作,应使用过去进行时,结构为was/were + doing。主语you对应的be动词需用were。故选D。
82.B
【解析】句意:王俊峰擅长跑步,他在跑步比赛中总是获得高分。
考查名词辨析。bands乐队;scores分数;chances机会;teams团队。根据“in the running race”可知是跑步比赛语境,“gets high”需搭配表示成绩的名词,scores分数,符合题意,指在比赛中获得高分。故选B。
83.A
【解析】句意:别担心我,妈妈。我不再是个孩子了。
考查短语辨析。no longer不再;because of因为;of course当然;any longer不再。根据句意,说话者强调自己已长大,需用表示“不再”的短语,且“no longer”可直接用于肯定句,而“any longer”通常用于否定结构,此处无否定词。B、C选项意思与句意不符。故选A。
84.B
【解析】句意:垃圾食品似乎很美味。然而,它肯定对我们的健康有害。
考查形容词辨析。harm 伤害(名词/动词);harmful 有害的(形容词);harmless 无害的(形容词);harms 伤害(动词,第三人称单数)。句中“it is”为系表结构,需形容词作表语;根据常识,垃圾食品对健康有负面影响,故应选表示“有害的”形容词。故选B。
85.A
【解析】句意:他从朋友那里收到了一份礼物,但他没有接受它。
考查动词辨析。receive收到,指物理上的接收;accept接受,指心理上的同意或接纳。根据“He…a gift from his friend but he didn’t…it”可知,第一个空表示物理上“收到礼物”,用过去式received;第二个空表示心理上没有接受这份礼物,在didn’t后需用动词原形accept。故选A。
86.C
【解析】句意:我们没有赢得比赛,但我们仍然充满信心。我相信我们下次能赢。
考查名词辨析。idea想法;joy喜悦;confidence信心;surprise惊讶。根据“I believe we can win next time.”可知,尽管这次输了,但说话者对未来获胜抱有积极信念,因此应填表示“信心”的词。故选C。
87.C
【解析】句意:昨天这个时候,我正沿着湖边的小路慢跑。
考查过去进行时。根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”(昨天这个时候)表示过去具体时间点正在进行的动作,应使用过去进行时(was/were + 现在分词)。故选C。
88.A
【解析】句意:如果你想成为一个好朋友,你应该是诚实的。不要对别人撒谎。
考查形容词辨析。honest诚实的;helpful有帮助的;outgoing外向的;generous慷慨的。根据后文“Don’t lie to others.”可知,不要撒谎,强调作为好朋友应具备诚实的品质。故选A。
89.B
【解析】句意:我在上次考试中犯了一些粗心的错误。
考查形容词辨析。careful仔细的,小心的;careless粗心的;helpful有帮助的;helpless无助的。根据“mistakes”可知,考试中出现的错误通常是由“粗心”导致的,careless mistakes是固定搭配,意为“粗心的错误”。故选B。
90.B
【解析】句意:当我在巴黎旅行时,我给我的朋友寄了一个明信片。
考查名词辨析。 firework烟花;postcard明信片;robot机器人;ticket票。根据“when I was traveling in Paris”可知,在旅行时寄给朋友的物品通常是明信片,这是一种常见的旅游习惯,postcard符合语境。故选B。
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