资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教社九年级上册英语精讲巧练
Unit The Changing World
单元整体概览
本单元主题为“变化的世界”（The Changing World），围绕两个话题展开：Section A “What changes have taken place around you ” 聚焦家乡环境、交通、生活设施的今昔变化及其成因 ( https: / / item.winxuan.com / 1204334925" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )；Section B “How do changes influence us ” 探讨发展变化对人们生活的影响，通过蒙内铁路等真实案例理解国际合作的意义 ( https: / / item.winxuan.com / 1204334925" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。单元引导学生运用 used to 结构进行今昔对比，借助 现在完成时 描述已发生的变化及其持续影响，同时培养辩证看待发展利弊的批判性思维 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
Module1 词汇精讲巧练
一、时代与变化类核心词汇
change /t e nd / n. & v. 变化；改变——指事物在不同时间呈现的不同状态。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
world /w ld/ n. 世界——地球上所有国家、地区和人类的 totality。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
past /pɑ st/ n. 过去 adj. 过去的——指已经发生的时间或状态。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
present / preznt/ n. 现在 adj. 如今的——指当前的时间或状态。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
future / fju t (r)/ n. 未来——指尚未到来的时间。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
development /d vel pm nt/ n. 发展——事物由简单到复杂、由低级到高级的变化过程。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
progress / pr ɡres/ n. 进步——在某个方面向更好方向的发展。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
society /s sa ti/ n. 社会——由共同生活、相互合作的人群组成的共同体。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
二、生活设施类词汇
transport / tr nsp t/ n. 交通——人员和物品的运输系统或方式。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
subway / s bwe / n. 地铁——城市地下铁路交通系统。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
mobile phone / m ba l f n/ n. 手机——便携式无线通讯设备。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
Internet / nt net/ n. 互联网——全球性的计算机网络系统。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
apartment / pɑ tm nt/ n. 公寓——一套住房单元。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
factory / f kt ri/ n. 工厂——从事工业生产的场所。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
hospital / h sp tl/ n. 医院——提供医疗服务的机构。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
三、对比描述类形容词
modern / m dn/ adj. 现代的——与当前时代相符的、新颖的。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
convenient /k n vi ni nt/ adj. 方便的——使用起来省时省力的。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
narrow / n r / adj. 狭窄的——宽度小的。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
wide /wa d/ adj. 宽阔的——宽度大的。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
quiet / kwa t/ adj. 安静的——没有噪音的。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
simple / s mpl/ adj. 简单的——不复杂、不繁琐的。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
comfortable / k mft bl/ adj. 舒适的——令人感到身心放松的。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
rapid / r p d/ adj. 迅速的——速度快的。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
四、环境与问题类词汇
rough /r f/ adj. 崎岖的；粗糙的；艰难的——指道路不平整、表面不光滑或经历困难 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。搭配：rough roads 崎岖的公路；rough weather 恶劣天气 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
sandstorm / s ndst m/ n. 沙尘暴——强风将大量沙尘卷入空中的天气现象。
sandy / s ndi/ adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的——由 sand + 后缀 y 构成 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。搭配：sandy soil 沙质土壤 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
shortage / t d / n. 短缺——某物数量不足 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。搭配：a shortage of clean water 清洁用水短缺 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )；water shortages 用水短缺 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
lack /l k/ n. & v. 缺乏——没有足够数量的某物 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。搭配：a lack of sleep 睡眠不足 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )；lack sufficient funding 缺乏足够的资金 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
government / ɡ v nm nt/ n. 政府——治理国家的机构 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。搭配：local government 地方政府 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )；government policy 政府政策 ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
五、国际发展类词汇（Section B 蒙内铁路）
port /p t/ n. 港口，口岸——船只停靠和货物装卸的地方 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。搭配：main port 主要港口 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
capital / k p tl/ n. 首都，首府——一个国家的中央政府所在地 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
Kenya / kenj / n. 肯尼亚——非洲东部国家 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
Kenyan / kenj n/ adj. 肯尼亚人的 n. 肯尼亚人 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
passenger / p s nd (r)/ n. 乘客——乘坐交通工具的人 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
benefit / ben f t/ v. 受益 n. 好处——得到好处或优势 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
六、本单元同根词汇总
change（n. & v. 变化）→ changing（adj. 变化的）→ unchanged（adj. 未变的）
develop（v. 发展）→ development（n. 发展）→ developing（adj. 发展中的）→ developed（adj. 发达的）
improve（v. 改善）→ improvement（n. 改善）
appear（v. 出现）→ appearance（n. 出现；外貌） ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
comfortable（adj. 舒适的）→ comfortably（adv. 舒适地）→ uncomfortable（adj. 不舒适的） ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
modern（adj. 现代的）→ modernize（v. 使现代化）→ modernization（n. 现代化） ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
convenient（adj. 方便的）→ conveniently（adv. 方便地）→ convenience（n. 方便） ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
词汇巧练
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1.Great ________（变化）have taken place in our hometown over the past ten years. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
2.The roads in the village were ________（狭窄的）and dirty twenty years ago. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.Now the roads are ________（宽阔的）and clean. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.The new railway is very ________（方便的）for passengers. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
5.There is a ________（短缺）of clean water in some areas. ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
6.A ________（缺乏）of sleep can affect your work efficiency. ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
7.The ________（政府）has taken measures to improve people's lives. ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
8.The new 48kilometre MombasaNairobi （铁路）was opened in 217.
9.Mombasa is Kenya's main ________（港口）. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
1.Nairobi is Kenya's ________（首都）. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Our country has changed a lot in the past twenty years. People's lives have ________（improve）greatly.
2.Many new buildings ________（build）in our town in recent years. ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.The small village has ________（become）a modern town. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.I ________（live）here since I was born. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
5.The government has ________（take）measures to protect the environment. ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
6.Local Kenyans have ________（benefit）a lot from the new railway. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
7.The old railway was ________（complete）in 191. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
8.The new railway ________（cut）the travel time to about five hours. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
三、选词填空（用所给词的正确形式）。
rough, modern, comfortable, rapid, convenient, sandy
1.The path was covered with ________ soil. ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
2.The car bumped along the ________ mountain road. ( https: / / www. / doc-18517025.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.Most families live a happy and ________ life. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.I'm amazed at the ________ changes of my hometown. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
5.It's ________ for us to take the new train. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
6.The small village has turned into a beautiful ________ town. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
Module 2 短语精讲巧练
一、变化描述类短语
take place 发生——指事件的发生，无被动语态 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。例句：Great changes have taken place in our hometown. 我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
change a lot 变化很大——指发生了显著的变化。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
turn into 变成——指从一种状态转变为另一种状态。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )例句：The small village has turned into a beautiful modern town. 小村庄变成了美丽的现代化城镇。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
bring about 引起，带来——指引发变化或结果。例句：What brings about all these changes 是什么带来了这些变化？
in the past 在过去——用于描述过去的状态或习惯。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
at present 如今；现在——用于描述当前的状态。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
in the future 在将来——用于展望未来的发展。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
over the past + 时间段 在过去……年间——常与现在完成时连用。
例句：Great changes have taken place in Li Rui's hometown over the past 2 years. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
二、生活变化类短语
change one's life 改变某人的生活——指生活方式的重大变化。
live a happy life 过幸福的生活——描述生活质量。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
develop quickly 发展迅速——描述发展的速度。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
convenient transport 便捷的交通——描述交通的便利性。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
surf the Internet 上网——使用互联网。 ( https: / / zy.21cnjy.com / 26121607 f=beikeyi" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
make travel easier 使出行更方便——描述交通改善带来的影响。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
三、蒙内铁路相关短语（Section B）
be happy with 对……感到满意——表达对某事物的满意态度。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
benefit from 从……中受益——获得好处。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
cut the travel time 缩短旅行时间——减少行程所需时间。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
with China's help 在中国的帮助下——表达国际合作。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
transport links 交通连接——连接不同地点的交通方式。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
四、其他核心短语
compare then and now 对比过去与现在——本单元核心学习策略。
make great achievements 取得巨大成就——获得重要成果。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
take measures 采取措施——为解决问题而采取行动。
a community with a shared future for mankind 人类命运共同体——中国提出的国际合作理念。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
短语巧练
一、用方框中的短语填空（注意词形变化）。
take place, turn into, in the past, at present, over the past, benefit from, be happy with
1.Great changes have ________ in our country ________ twenty years. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
2.The small village has ________ a modern town. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.________, the roads were narrow and dirty. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.________, everything is different. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
5.Local Kenyans have ________ a lot ________ the new railway. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
6.I'm very ________ the new railway built by our Chinese friends. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
二、翻译下列短语。
1.发生变化 ________________________ 2. 在过去 __________________________
3.如今；现在 ________________________ 4. 变成 ____________________________
5.对……感到满意 ____________________ 6. 从……中受益 ____________________
7.缩短旅行时间 ______________________ 8. 采取措施 ________________________
三、用适当的介词填空。
1.Great changes have taken place ________ our hometown.
2.The small village has turned ________ a modern town. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.I have lived here ________ I was born. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.People have benefited a lot ________ the new railway. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
5.The new railway was built ________ China's help. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
6.________ the past, the roads were narrow and dirty. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
Module 3 句型精讲巧练
一、描述今昔变化
1. used to + 动词原形 过去常常……（现在已不再）
——用于描述过去经常发生但现在已停止的动作或过去存在的状态。
肯定句： 主语 + used to + 动词原形
否定句： 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 / 主语 + used not to + 动词原形
疑问句： Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？
例句：
There used to be only a few small old houses. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )过去只有几座又小又旧的房子。
People used to walk or ride old bikes to go out. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )人们过去步行或骑旧自行车出行。
2. 现在完成时 已经……（强调过去动作对现在的影响）
——用于描述过去发生的变化对现在造成的影响 ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
肯定句： 主语 + have/has + 过去分词
否定句： 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词
疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？
例句：
Great changes have taken place in Li Rui's hometown. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )李瑞的家乡发生了巨大变化。
Many new buildings have been built. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )建起了许多新楼房。
I have lived here since I was born. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )我自出生起就一直住在这里。
3. 一般现在时 描述现在的状态
例句
Now everything is different. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )现在一切都不同了。
The roads are wide and clean. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )道路宽阔干净。
二、描述蒙内铁路的变化（Section B）
1. 过去与现在的对比
Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line completed in 9. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
在那之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨与首都内罗毕之间唯一的交通连接是崎岖的公路和一条建于9年的旧铁路线。
The old trains were very slow. It took hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
旧火车非常慢。从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕需要个小时。
However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about five to six hours for passengers. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路已经将蒙巴萨到内罗毕的乘客旅行时间缩短到大约五到六个小时。
2. 表达受益与满意
Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.
( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )当地肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益匪浅。
I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
我对中国朋友修建的新铁路非常满意。
Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
过去几年里这个城镇发生了许多变化。
三、表达观点与感受
1. I'm amazed at... 我对……感到惊讶
I'm amazed at the rapid changes of my hometown. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )我对家乡的快速变化感到惊讶。
2. I love... very much 我非常爱……
I love my hometown very much. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )我非常爱我的家乡。
3. I'm proud of... 我为……感到骄傲
I am proud of these changes. ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )我为这些变化感到骄傲。
语法焦点：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
时态 用法 标志词 例句
一般过去时 过去发生的动作，与现在无关 last week, in 2, yesterday, ...ago The old railway was completed in 9. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
现在完成时 过去动作对现在有影响/持续到现在 already, yet, since, for, so far, over the past... Many changes have taken place over the last few years. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
核心区别： 一般过去时只谈过去，现在完成时强调"过去与现在的联系" ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
常见错误提醒：
Great changes have been taken place.（错误，take place无被动）
Great changes have taken place.（正确） ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
句型巧练
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.二十年前，这个村庄又小又安静。
Twenty years ago, the village ________ small and ________.
2.过去只有几座又小又旧的房子。
There ________ only a few small old houses. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.现在一切都不同了。
Now everything ________ different. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.小村庄已经变成了一个美丽的现代化城镇。
The small village has ________ ________ a beautiful modern town. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
5.我对家乡的快速变化感到惊讶。
I'm ________ ________ the rapid changes of my hometown. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
6.新铁路已经把旅行时间缩短到大约五个小时。
The new railway has ________ the travel time ________ about five hours. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
二、将下列句子翻译成英语。
1.过去几年里我们家乡发生了巨大变化。
__________________________________
2.我自出生起就一直住在这里。 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________
3.旧火车非常慢。从蒙巴萨到内罗毕需要个小时。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________
4.当地肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益匪浅。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________
5.我对中国朋友修建的新铁路非常满意。 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________
按要求完成句子。
1.There were only a few small old houses.（用 now 改写为现在时态）
___________________________________________________________
2.The old trains were very slow.（用现在完成时改写，强调变化已经发生）
___________________________________________________________
3.People walked or rode old bikes to go out in the past.（用 used to 改写）
___________________________________________________________
4.The new railway has cut the travel time.（对划线部分提问）
___________________________________________________________
5.I have lived here since I was born.（对划线部分提问）
___________________________________________________________
Module 4 语法精讲巧练
一、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）
本单元核心时态，用于描述已经发生的变化及其对现在的影响。
（一）基本结构
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词
例：I have finished my homework.
否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词
例：I haven't received his letter yet.
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？
例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？
例：What changes have taken place
（二）三大用法
用法1：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have already finished my homework.（现在作业已完成）
Great changes have taken place in our hometown.
（现在家乡不一样了）
用法2：表示过去开始、持续到现在的动作或状态
She has lived in Beijing for ten years.（现在还在北京）
They have learned English since 218.（从218年到现在一直在学）
用法3：表示到目前为止的经历或经验
I have been to Shanghai twice.（有过两次去上海的经历）
He has never seen such a beautiful place.（从未有过这样的经历）
常用时间状语
类型 用法说明
already 用于肯定句，放在 have/has 和过去分词之间（例：I have already finished.）
yet 用于否定句（“还没”）或疑问句（“已经……了吗”），放在句末（例：I haven't finished yet.）
ever 用于疑问句，放在 have/has 和过去分词之间（例：Have you ever been there ）
never 表示“从未”，放在 have/has 和过去分词之间（例：I have never seen it.）
just 表示“刚刚”，放在 have/has 和过去分词之间（例：He has just come back.）
for + 时间段 表示持续了……，放在句末（例：for ten years）
since + 时间点 表示自从……，放在句末（例：since 218）
so far 表示“到目前为止”，可放在句首或句末（例：So far, we have planted 1, trees.）
over the past + 时间段 表示“在过去……年间”，可放在句首或句末（例：over the past 2 years）
现在完成时 vs 一般过去时（核心区别）
对比项 现在完成时 一般过去时
关注点 强调过去与现在的联系 只关注过去发生的事，与现在无关
常见时间状语 for, since, yet, already, ever, never yesterday, last week, in 21, ...ago
典型例句 I have lived here for 1 years.（现在还住在这里） I lived here for 1 years.（现在不住这里了）
（五）延续性动词与非延续性动词
非延续性动词（也称瞬间动词）不能与 for + 时间段 或 since + 时间点 连用，必须转换为相应的延续性动词。
常见转换如下：come / go / arrive → be in / at, buy → have, borrow → keep, leave → be away from, die → be dead, join → be in / be a member of, open→ be open, close →be closed
正误对比：
I have bought the book for two years.
I have had the book for two years.
He has left here since 22.
He has been away from here since 22.
二、used to 结构（今昔对比）
（一）used to do —— 过去常常做（现在已不再）
The roads used to be narrow.（道路过去很窄，现在不窄了）
People used to walk or ride old bikes.（人们过去步行或骑旧自行车，现在不这样了）
（二）used to 的否定与疑问
否定句：didn't use to do / used not to do
疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to do
例：Did you use to live in the village （你过去住在村子里吗？）
三、被动语态（现在完成时）
结构： have/has + been + 过去分词
Many new buildings have been built.
（许多新楼房已经被建起来了。）
对比：一般过去时的被动语态（同样常用，需注意区分）
The new railway was opened in 217.新铁路于217年通车。）
The old railway line was completed in 191.（旧铁路线于191年建成。）
语法巧练
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（现在完成时）。
1.Great changes ________（take place）in our hometown over the past 2 years. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
2.I ________（live）here since I was born. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.Many new buildings ________（build）in our town. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.The government ________（take）measures to improve people's lives.
5.She ________（be）to Shanghai twice.
6.They ________（not finish）their homework yet. ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
7.________ you ________（ever/be）to the Great Wall ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
8.He ________（just/come）back from work. ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（区分时态）。
1.The old railway ________（complete）in 191. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
2.The new railway ________（cut）the travel time already. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3.Twenty years ago, the village ________（be）small and quiet. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
4.Now everything ________（be）different. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
5.I ________（be）amazed at the rapid changes of my hometown. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
6.The small village ________（turn）into a modern town. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
三、按要求完成句子。
1.I have finished my homework.（改为否定句）
____________________________________________________
2.She has lived in Beijing for ten years.（改为一般疑问句）
____________________________________________________
3.They have learned English since 2018.（对划线部分提问）
____________________________________________________
4.There were only a few small old houses.（用 used to 改写）
____________________________________________________
5.People have planted many trees in our town.（改为被动语态）
____________________________________________________
四、选择填空。
（ ）1. Great changes ________ in our hometown in the past few years. ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
A. took place B. have taken place C. have been taken place D. take place
（ ）2. I ________ here since I was born. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. was living
（ ）3. The new railway ________ the travel time already. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
A. cut B. has cut C. was cut D. cuts
（ ）4. She ________ to Shanghai twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
（ ）5. My father ________ just ________ back from work. ( https: / / www. / soft / 58859789.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
A. has; come B. have; come C. has; came D. had; come
（ ）6. —________ you ________ your homework yet —Not yet.
A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Do; finish D. Are; finishing
（ ）7. The roads ________ narrow, but now they are wide.
A. used to B. used to be C. were used to D. are used to
（ ）8. Many new buildings ________ in our town in recent years. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
A. built B. were built C. have been built D. have built
Module 5 语篇精讲巧练
一、本单元语篇分析
本单元主题属于 “人与社会” 范畴中的“社会变迁与发展”领域。单元围绕 “The Changing World” 这一核心主题展开，旨在帮助学生掌握描述变化、对比今昔、表达感受的语言技能-。
语篇类型与内容
Section A 语篇
语篇一：Our Hometown Is Changing（访谈） ——李瑞家乡2年间的今昔对比 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。通过访谈形式展示交通、住房、设施等方面的巨大变化-。
语篇二：Changing Ways of Farming ——农业方式的变化 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
Section B 语篇
语篇三：On the Fast Track（蒙内铁路） ——介绍肯尼亚蒙巴萨-内罗毕铁路的前后对比及其对当地人生活的影响 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。这是中国援建非洲的标志性工程-。
语篇四：Changes in My Life ——个人成长与生活变化 ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
语篇中运用的核心句型
描述过去： There used to be... / People used to... / In the past... ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
描述现在： Now... / At present... / Everything is different. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
描述变化过程： ...have/has changed / ...have/has turned into... ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
表达感受： I'm amazed at... / I'm proud of... / I love... ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
国际合作（Section B）： built with China's help / have benefited from / I'm happy with ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
二、阅读策略深度精讲
策略一：略读（Skimming）——把握主旨大意
快速浏览文章的标题、首段、各段首句和尾段，获取文章主旨。
实例： 阅读“On the Fast Track”时，从标题和首段可以判断：本文介绍蒙巴萨-内罗毕铁路带来的变化 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
策略二：扫读（Scanning）——定位具体信息
带着具体问题在文中快速寻找答案，锁定关键词进行定位 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
实例： 问题“When was the new railway opened ”——扫读时寻找年份数字，定位到“In 217” ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )。
策略三：利用标题和图片预测内容 ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
Making predictions: The title and pictures can help you guess what the text is about. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
预测策略： 标题和图片可以帮助你猜测文章内容。
策略四：识别时间线索——理清变化脉络
注意文中的时间标志词，它们能帮助我们理解变化的时序。
时间线索 功能 例句
in the past / ...ago 描述过去状态 Twenty years ago ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
now / at present 描述当前状态 Now everything is different. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
over the past + 时间段 描述变化过程 over the past 2 years ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
since + 时间点 描述持续到现在的状态 since I was born ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
before then 描述某个时间点之前的状态 Before then ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
三、写作策略精讲
策略一：如何写“今昔对比”类短文
今昔对比类短文通常遵循以下结构：
引言段： 引出话题，说明变化发生的背景
主体段： 从多个方面进行对比（交通、住房、设施、生活等）
结尾段： 表达感受或展望未来
可用句型：
功能 句型
引入话题 Great changes have taken place in...
描述过去 In the past, ... / There used to be... / People used to...
描述现在 Now, ... / At present, ... / Everything is different.
描述变化 ...have/has changed a lot. / ...have/has turned into...
表达感受 I'm amazed at... / I'm proud of...
策略二：如何写“变化的影响”类短文（Section B）
引言段： 介绍某个变化（如新铁路的开通）
主体段： 描述变化带来的具体好处（出行、经济、生活等）
结尾段： 总结影响或表达态度
可用句型：
功能 句型
介绍变化 The new ... was opened in...
描述过去 Before then, ...
描述变化后的情况 The new ... has already...
表达受益 ...have benefited a lot from...
表达满意 I'm very happy with...
语篇综合巧练
练习一：阅读理解
阅读下面短文，回答问题。
Our Hometown Is Changing
Great changes have taken place in Li Rui's hometown over the past 2 years. “I have lived here since I was born, so I have seen all the changes with my own eyes,” Li Rui said. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
Twenty years ago, the village was small and quiet. There were only a few small old houses. The roads were narrow and dirty. People mainly walked or rode old bikes to go out. There were no supermarkets or parks. Life was simple but a little hard. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
Now everything is different. The small village has turned into a beautiful modern town. Lots of new tall buildings have been built. The roads are wide and clean. More and more people have their own cars, making travel much easier. Besides, many supermarkets, shops and beautiful parks have appeared in the town. People can enjoy a rich and colorful life. Most families live a happy and comfortable life. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
“I'm amazed at the rapid changes of my hometown. I love my hometown very much,” Li Rui said. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
1. 根据短文内容回答问题。
（1）How long has Li Rui lived in his hometown
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（2）What were the roads like twenty years ago ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
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（3）How did people mainly go out in the past ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
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（4）What changes have taken place in the town now （列出至少三点） ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
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（5）How does Li Rui feel about the changes ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
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2. 判断正误（T/F）。
（1）（ ）There were many supermarkets in the village twenty years ago. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（2）（ ）The roads are wide and clean now. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（3）（ ）People can enjoy a rich and colorful life now. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（4）（ ）Li Rui is sad about the changes of his hometown. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（5）（ ）More and more people have their own cars now. ( https: / / www. / doc-18519757.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
3. 从文中找出下列短语的英文表达。
（1）巨大的变化 ________________________
（2）用我自己的眼睛 ____________________
（3）变成 ______________________________
（4）丰富多彩的生活 ____________________
（5）对……感到惊讶 ____________________
练习二：阅读蒙内铁路语篇（Section B）
阅读下面短文，完成练习。
On the Fast Track
In 2017, the new 48-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line completed in 1091. The old trains were very slow. It took 1 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about five to six hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, “I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.” ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
1. 根据短文内容填空。
（1）The new Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in ________. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（2）The railway is ________ kilometres long. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（3）Before the new railway, the only transport links were ________ roads and an old ________ line. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（4）The old trains took ________ hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（5）The new railway has cut the travel time to about ________ to ________ hours. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
（6）More than ________ million people use the new railway every year. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
2. 根据短文内容回答问题。
（1）When was the old railway line completed ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
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（2）Who helped build the new railway ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________________________
（3）What did the government worker say about the new railway ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________________________
（4）What changes have taken place in the town according to the government worker ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________________________
3. 将下列句子翻译成中文。
（1）Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa and Nairobi were rough roads and an old railway line. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________________________
（2）The new railway has already cut the travel time to about five to six hours. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________________________
（3）Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. ( https: / / edu.21cnjy.com / p-26204232.html" \t "https: / / chat. / a / chat / s / _blank )
__________________________________________________
练习三：语篇仿写
根据本单元所学，写一篇短文，描述你家乡的变化（8词左右）。
写作提示（运用思维导图先构思）：
1.你家乡在过去是什么样的？（交通、房屋、设施等）
2.现在发生了哪些变化？
3.你对这些变化有什么感受？
4.使用 used to、现在完成时、一般现在时 进行对比。
5.使用时间线索词（in the past, now, over the past...等）。
参考思维导图：
┌─ Small and quiet
│
├─ Narrow and dirty roads
Past (in the past) ─┼─ Old houses
│
├─ Walk or ride bikes
│
└─ No supermarkets or parks
Changes in My Hometown ─┼─
┌─ Modern town
│
├─ Wide and clean roads
Now (at present) ───┼─ Tall buildings
│
├─ Cars / convenient transport
│
└─ Supermarkets, shops and parks
┌─ Amazed
Feelings ───────────┼─ Proud
│
└─ Love my hometown
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Module 1 词汇巧练
一、 1. changes 2. narrow 3. wide 4. convenient 5. shortage 6. lack 7. government 8. railway 9. port 1. capital
二、 1. improved 2. have been built 3. become 4. have lived 5. taken 6. benefited 7. completed 8. has cut
三、 1. sandy 2. rough 3. comfortable 4. rapid 5. convenient 6. modern
Module 2 短语巧练
一、 1. taken place; over the past 2. turned into 3. In the past 4. At present 5. benefited; from 6. happy with
二、 1. take place / change 2. in the past 3. at present 4. turn into 5. be happy with 6. benefit from 7. cut the travel time 8. take measures
三、 1. in 2. into 3. since 4. from 5. with 6. In
Module 3 句型巧练
一、 1. was; quiet 2. used to be 3. is 4. turned into 5. amazed at 6. cut; to
二、 1. Great changes have taken place in our hometown over the past few years.
2.I have lived here since I was born.
3.The old trains were very slow. It took 1 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train.
4.Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.
5.I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends.
三、 1. Now there are many tall buildings.
2.The new railway has already cut the travel time.
3.People used to walk or ride old bikes to go out.
4.What has the new railway done
5.How long have you lived here
Module 4 语法巧练
一、 1. have taken place 2. have lived 3. have been built 4. has taken 5. has been 6. haven't finished 7. Have; ever been 8. has just come
二、 1. was completed 2. has cut 3. was 4. is 5. am 6. has turned
三、 1. I haven't finished my homework yet.
2.Has she lived in Beijing for ten years
3.How long have they learned English
4.There used to be only a few small old houses.
5.Many trees have been planted in our town.
四、 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C
Module 5 语篇综合巧练
练习一：
1.（1） He has lived there since he was born.（about 2 years）
（2） They were narrow and dirty.
（3） They mainly walked or rode old bikes.
（4） Many new tall buildings have been built; roads are wide and clean; more people have cars; supermarkets, shops and parks have appeared.
（5） He is amazed at the changes and loves his hometown.
2. （1）F（2）T（3）T（4）F（5）T
3. （1）great changes（2）with my own eyes（3）turn into（4）rich and colorful life（5）be amazed at
练习二：
1. （1）217（2）48（3）rough; railway（4）1（5）five; six（6）two
2.（1） It was completed in 191.
（2） China helped build the new railway.
（3） He said he was very happy with the new railway built by Chinese friends.
（4） Many changes have taken place and people have become rich.
3.（1） 在那之前，蒙巴萨与内罗毕之间唯一的交通连接是崎岖的公路和一条旧铁路线。
（2） 新铁路已经把旅行时间缩短到大约五到六个小时。
（3） 当地肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益匪浅。
练习三：
写作范文：
Changes in My Hometown
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years.
In the past, my hometown was small and quiet. There used to be only a few old houses. The roads were narrow and dirty. People mainly walked or rode bikes to go out. There were no supermarkets or parks.
Now everything is different. My hometown has turned into a modern town. Many new buildings have been built. The roads are wide and clean. More and more families have their own cars. Several supermarkets and a beautiful park have appeared.
I'm amazed at the rapid changes of my hometown. I love my hometown very much.
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