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Unit 8 Safe and sound --- 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词 内容
学习目标 1. 能够正确使用过去进行时描述过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。 2. 能够掌握过去进行时的构成和用法。 3. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇（emergency, disaster, earthquake, flood, typhoon, snowstorm, bush fire, tidal wave, survive, trapped等）。 4. 能够用英语描述自然灾害和紧急情况，并讨论如何保障安全。
学习重点 1. 过去进行时的结构（was/were + doing）。 2. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别（长动作 vs 短动作）。 3. 连词when, while, as引导时间状语从句的用法。 4. 合成名词的构成方式。
学习难点 1. 过去进行时中was/were与主语的搭配。 2. when（短动作/长动作）与while（长动作）的选用。 3. 过去进行时与一般过去时在复合句中的配合使用。 4. 不同自然灾害的安全应对措施。
02 核心词汇预览
1. emergency n. 紧急情况
2. disaster n. 灾难
3. earthquake n. 地震
4. flood n. 洪水
5. typhoon n. 台风
6. snowstorm n. 暴风雪
7. bush fire n. 丛林火灾
8. tidal wave n. 海啸
9. survive v. 幸存，存活
10. trapped adj. 被困的
11. rescue v. & n. 营救
12. thunder n. 雷声
13. lightning n. 闪电
14. fog n. 雾
15. shake v. 摇晃
16. fear n. 恐惧
17. silent adj. 沉默的
18. nervous adj. 紧张的
19. calm adj. & v. 平静的；使平静
20. fireman n. 消防员
21. ambulance n. 救护车
22. warning n. 警告
23. damage v. & n. 损害
24. destroy v. 摧毁
25. rescue v. & n. 营救
26. power n. 电力；力量
27. direction n. 方向
28. brick n. 砖块
29. glass n. 玻璃
30. nearby adj. 附近的
31. thick adj. 厚的，浓的
32. weak adj. 虚弱的
03 核心短语预览
1. in fear 恐惧地
2. in all directions 四面八方
3. rain down 像雨点般落下
4. come down 倒塌
5. calm down 冷静下来
6. wait for 等待
7. try one's best 尽某人最大努力
8. put out 扑灭
9. run out of 从……跑出
10. run away from 逃离
11. stay away from 远离
12. get close to 靠近
13. be trapped in 被困在……中
14. be on fire 着火
15. as soon as possible 尽快
16. cover...with... 用……覆盖
17. stay low 保持低位
18. in front of 在……前面
19. at first 起初
20. at last 最后
04 重点句型预览
1. Life is priceless; safety comes first. 生命无价，安全第一。
2. Did you hear about the fog disaster in Star Town last week？ 你听说上周星城的雾灾了吗？
3. The fog was so thick that drivers couldn't see more than a metre in front of them. 雾太大了，司机们看不清前面一米以外的东西。
4. Many cars hit each other. 许多汽车相撞了。
5. It was about two o'clock in the afternoon. I was working when the earthquake started. 大约下午两点钟。地震发生时我正在工作。
6. At first, I felt a slight shake. 起初，我感到轻微的晃动。
7. Then I heard a loud noise like thunder. 然后我听到一声像打雷一样的巨响。
8. Soon the real noise came, like bombs under the ground. 很快真正的噪音来了，像地下的炸弹声。
9. People shouted in fear. 人们恐惧地尖叫。
10. Some ran out of the building. 一些人跑出了大楼。
11. Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down. 外面，人们向四面八方奔跑，同时玻璃碎片和砖块像雨点般落下。
12. Then the walls began to come down too！ 然后墙壁也开始倒塌了！
13. Finally, the noise and shaking ended. 最后，噪音和震动停止了。
14. It was dark and silent around me. 我周围一片黑暗和寂静。
15. I couldn't see anything at all. 我什么也看不见。
16. I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我告诉自己冷静下来，因为我还活着。
17. I shouted for help. 我大声呼救。
18. I knew I had to save energy and wait for help. 我知道我必须保存体力，等待救援。
19. As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我正设法找到出去的路时，我突然听到上方有声响。
20. "Help！ Please help！ I'm here！" I cried out in a weak voice. "救命！请帮帮我！我在这里！"我用微弱的声音喊道。
21. They quickly moved away the bricks. 他们迅速搬开了砖块。
22. At last, I was safe！ 最后，我安全了！
23. I was walking my dog in the forest when I started to smell smoke. 我正在森林里遛狗，这时我开始闻到烟味。
24. I was trapped. 我被困住了。
25. I told myself to calm down. 我告诉自己要冷静下来。
26. It was raining when the police arrived. 警察到达时正在下雨。
27. I saw it while I was riding my bike home. 当我骑车回家时看到了它。
28. I was working when the earthquake started. 当地震开始时我正在工作。
29. We were watching in fear while the firemen were putting out the fire. 当消防员灭火时，我们恐惧地看着。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1：过去进行时的定义和用法
【定义】过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。
【结构公式】
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他.
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？
【用法分类】
用法一：表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作
常用时间状语：at 4:10 yesterday afternoon, at that time, at this time yesterday等。
例句：I was working when the earthquake started.
例句：I saw it while I was riding my bike home.
用法二：表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作
例句：The wind was blowing hard all morning.
例句：We were enjoying our meal when it began to snow again.
【要点详解】
was用于第一人称单数和第三人称单数（I, he, she, it）。
were用于第二人称和复数（you, we, they）。
【练习1】I ______ (work) when the earthquake started.
【答案】was working
【详解】句意：当地震开始时我正在工作。过去进行时，主语I用was working。故填was working。
考点2：过去进行时的否定句和疑问句
【定义】过去进行时的否定句在was/were后加not；疑问句将was/were提到主语前。
【结构公式】
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他.
例句：It was not raining when I left.
例句：They were not playing football at that time.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？
例句：Was it raining when the police arrived？
肯定回答：Yes, it was.
否定回答：No, it wasn't.
【练习1】It ______ (not rain) when the police arrived.
【答案】wasn't raining
【详解】句意：警察到达时没有下雨。过去进行时的否定形式。故填wasn't raining。
考点3：过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
【定义】过去进行时强调"正在做"，一般过去时强调"做了"。
【用法对比】
过去进行时：强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作（未完成）
例句：I was reading a book at 8 p.m. yesterday.（8点正在读，不一定读完）
一般过去时：强调过去发生的动作（已完成）
例句：I read a book yesterday.（昨天读了书，已读完）
【要点详解】
过去进行时通常与when, while, as连用。
一般过去时通常与yesterday, last week, two days ago等明确时间连用。
【练习1】I ______ (read) a book when the earthquake started.
A. read B. reads C. was reading D. am reading
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当地震开始时我正在读书。过去进行时表示正在发生的动作。故选C。
考点4：when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
【定义】when, while, as都可以表示"当……时候"，但用法有所不同。
【用法对比】
when：可以连接长动作（过去进行时）和短动作（一般过去时）
（1）长动作（过去进行时）+ when + 短动作（一般过去时）
例句：I was working when the earthquake started.
（2）When + 长动作（过去进行时），短动作（一般过去时）
例句：When I was reading a book, the phone rang.
while：通常连接两个长动作（都用过去进行时）
例句：We were watching in fear while the firemen were putting out the fire.
例句：I saw it while I was riding my bike home.
as：与when类似，强调"随着……"
例句：As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise.
【要点详解】
when可以连接短动作和长动作。
while通常连接两个长动作。
as强调两个动作同时发生或逐渐变化。
【练习1】I was working ______ the earthquake started.
A. when B. while C. as D. so
【答案】A
【详解】句意：当地震开始时我正在工作。when连接长动作（was working）和短动作（started）。故选A。
考点5：合成名词（Compound words）
【定义】将两个单词组合在一起构成一个新词，即合成词。
【构成方式】
名词 + 名词 → 名词
thunder + storm → thunderstorm（雷暴）
team + work → teamwork（团队合作）
snow + ball → snowball（雪球）
名词 + 动词 → 名词
earth + quake → earthquake（地震）
water + fall → waterfall（瀑布）
sun + rise → sunrise（日出）
动词 + 名词 → 名词
pass + port → passport（护照）
play + ground → playground（操场）
drive + way → driveway（车道）
形容词 + 名词 → 名词
white + board → whiteboard（白板）
soft + ware → software（软件）
gentle + man → gentleman（绅士）
【要点详解】
合成词的意思通常与两个组成词的意思相关。
有些合成词的拼写可能有变化或连字符。
【练习1】写出下列合成词的构成方式。
（1）earthquake = ______ + ______
（2）snowstorm = ______ + ______
（3）passport = ______ + ______
【答案】（1）earth; quake （2）snow; storm （3）pass; port
07 过关检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空（过去进行时）（共8题）
1. I ______ (work) when the earthquake started.
2. It ______ (rain) when the police arrived.
3. I saw it while I ______ (ride) my bike home.
4. They ______ (play) football at 4 yesterday afternoon.
5. She ______ (read) a book when the phone rang.
6. We ______ (watch) TV at that time.
7. The wind ______ (blow) hard all morning.
8. My parents ______ (get) dinner ready when I got home.
二、用when, while或as填空（共6题）
1. I was working ______ the earthquake started.
2. I saw it ______ I was riding my bike home.
3. We were watching ______ the firemen were putting out the fire.
4. ______ I was trying to find my way out, I heard some noise.
5. It was raining ______ the police arrived.
6. ______ we were enjoying our meal, it began to snow.
三、写出下列合成词的构成方式（名词+名词，名词+动词，动词+名词，形容词+名词）（共6题）
1. earthquake = ______ + ______ ______
2. snowstorm = ______ + ______ ______
3. passport = ______ + ______ ______
4. whiteboard = ______ + ______ ______
5. waterfall = ______ + ______ ______
6. playground = ______ + ______ ______
四、单项选择（共6题）
1. I ______ when the earthquake started.
A. work B. works C. was working D. am working
2. It ______ when the police arrived.
A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. was raining
3. I saw it ______ I was riding my bike home.
A. when B. while C. as D. so
4. I was working ______ the earthquake started.
A. when B. while C. as D. so
5. We were watching ______ the firemen were putting out the fire.
A. when B. while C. as D. so
6. Outside, people were running in all directions ______ pieces of glass were raining down.
A. when B. while C. as D. so
五、完成句子（共5题）
1. 当地震开始时我正在工作。
I ______ ______ when the earthquake ______.
2. 警察到达时正在下雨。
It ______ ______ when the police ______.
3. 人们恐惧地尖叫。
People ______ ______ ______.
4. 最后，我安全了！
______ ______, I ______ safe！
5. 我告诉自己冷静下来。
I ______ ______ to ______ ______.
六、将下列句子翻译成英文（共3题）
1. 我什么也看不见。
2. 他们迅速搬开了砖块。
3. 消防员们终于扑灭了大火。
参考答案
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. was working（过去进行时）
2. was raining（过去进行时）
3. was riding（过去进行时）
4. were playing（过去进行时）
5. was reading（过去进行时）
6. were watching（过去进行时）
7. was blowing（过去进行时）
8. were getting（过去进行时）
二、用when, while或as填空
1. when（短动作+长动作）
2. while（两个长动作）
3. while（两个长动作）
4. As（强调"随着"）
5. when（短动作+长动作）
6. While/As（长动作+长动作/强调同时）
三、写出下列合成词的构成方式
1. earth + quake（名词+动词）
2. snow + storm（名词+名词）
3. pass + port（动词+名词）
4. white + board（形容词+名词）
5. water + fall（名词+动词）
6. play + ground（动词+名词）
四、单项选择
1. C（过去进行时）
2. D（过去进行时）
3. B（两个长动作用while）
4. A（短动作+长动作用when）
5. B（两个长动作用while）
6. B（两个长动作用while）
五、完成句子
1. was working; started
2. was raining; arrived
3. shouted in fear
4. At last; was
5. told myself; calm down
六、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. I couldn't see anything at all.
2. They quickly moved away the bricks.
3. The firemen finally put out the fire.

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