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【暑假预习】英语七上（外研版）语法全解
人称代词和物主代词
1. 人称代词
（1）主格与宾格区分
主格：在句中作主语；宾格：作宾语、表语
例句：We all make mistakes.（主格 we 作主语）
He doesn’t believe me.（宾格 me 作宾语）
—Who is it —It’s me.（宾格 me 作表语）
补充特殊用法：宾格可单独作简短回答主语，主格不单独使用
例句：—Who wants to ride my bike —Me! / Not me!
（2）it 的三大用法
指代人、物品
表示时间：It’s 12 o’clock now.
表示天气：It’s a fine day today.
表示距离：It’s 20 km from here.
（3）人称代词并列顺序
单数顺序：you, he/she and I（你、他 / 她、我）
复数顺序：we, you and they（我们、你们、他们）
2. 物主代词（两类）
（1）形容词性物主代词
作用等同于形容词，后面必须搭配名词
例句：Is this your football Are my crayons there too
（2）名词性物主代词
作用等同于名词，后面不加名词，替代 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”
例句：The red one is yours (= your pencil), the blue one is mine (= my pencil).
May I use your pen Yours works better.
所有人称物主代词文字汇总
第一人称
单数：形容词性 my；名词性 mine
复数：形容词性 our；名词性 ours
第二人称
单复数通用形容词性 your；名词性 yours
第三人称单数
他的：his /his
她的：her /hers
它的：its /its
第三人称复数（他们 / 她们 / 它们）
形容词性 their；名词性 theirs
二、一般现在时（完整版）
一、be 动词的一般现在时
1. be 动词变形规则
主语 I → am；主语 He/She/It → is；主语 We/You/They → are
适用场景：描述年龄、身份、当下状态
例句：I am 12 years old. I am a student. I am very well.
2. be 动词句式变换（肯定→否定→疑问）
否定规则：be 动词后加 not，可缩写
疑问规则：把 be 动词提到句首
分组例句
主语 I
肯定：I am Chinese.
否定：I am not Chinese.
疑问：Am I Chinese
主语 He/She/It
肯定：He is an English boy. It is cheap.
否定：He isn’t an English boy. It isn’t cheap.
疑问：Is he an English boy Is it cheap
主语 We/You/They
肯定：We are from America. You are a good boy. They are friends.
否定：We aren’t from America. You aren’t a good boy. They aren’t friends.
疑问：Are we from America Are you a good boy Are they our friends
3. be 动词四大搭配用法
be + 形容词：I am happy. He is kind.
be + 名词：Mr Wang is our English teacher.
be + 介词短语：The book is on the desk. She is at home.
be + 副词：Class is over. The cat is here.
二、行为动词的一般现在时
1. 基础用法
表经常性、习惯性动作；也可表长久状态
例句：We go to school every day. I like English very much.
2. 非三单主语（I/you/we/they）句式
谓语动词无变形；否定句动词前加 don’t (do not)
例句：We go to school on weekdays. We don’t go to school on weekends.
3. 第三人称单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词）句式
肯定句：动词加 - s/es
例：He gets up early.
否定句：主语后加 doesn’t，动词变回原形
例：He doesn’t get up early.
一般疑问句：句首加 Does，动词用原形
例：—Does she go to school by bike —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
三单完整句式示例
He speaks good English.
否定：He doesn’t speak good English.
疑问：Does he speak good English
She lives in the city.
否定：She doesn’t live in the city.
疑问：Does she live in the city
The panda comes from China.
否定：The panda doesn’t come from China.
疑问：Does the panda come from China
4. 特殊疑问句（询问方式 / 地点 / 时间）
疑问词放句首，后半句语序同一般疑问句
例句：How do I write homework on the computer
Where do I write the name
When do you use a computer
三、名词所有格（表所属关系）
1. ’s 结构（多用于有生命名词）
单数名词直接加 ’s：a child’s dream，someone’s bag
以 - s 结尾的复数名词只加 ’：the boys’ schoolbags
2. of 结构（多用于无生命名词）
格式：the + 名词 + of + 名词
例句：the window of the house 房子的窗户
the end of the year 年末
the gate of our school 校门
3. 双重所有格区分
a friend of my father’s = 我父亲众多朋友中的一位
my father’s friend = 我父亲的那位朋友（仅一位）
四、频度副词
1. 常见频度副词 & 对应频率
always 总是（100%）> usually 通常（80%-90%）> often 经常（50%-70%）> sometimes 有时（20%-40%）> never 从不（0%）
2. 句中固定摆放位置
系动词之后：She is usually busy.
助动词之后：I will never forget this holiday.
情态动词之后：You should always go to school on time.
行为动词之前：We often go to the cinema.
特殊单词位置
sometimes 可放句首、句中、句末；often 可放句末
例句：Sometimes she calls me. / She calls me sometimes. / She calls me often.
双助动词规则
有两个助动词时，频度副词放在第一个助动词后
例句：We have never been given the chance to talk to him.
五、一般将来时：be going to /will
一、be going to do sth
核心含义
计划、打算、有意要做某事；有迹象表明即将发生
例句：I’m going to check my email tonight.
He is going to have a piano lesson this weekend.
句式变换规则
否定：be 动词后加 not；疑问：be 动词提前至句首
分主语例句
I am going to visit the museum.
否定：I am not going to visit the museum.
疑问：Am I going to visit the museum
You are going to the park tomorrow.
否定：You aren’t going to the park tomorrow.
疑问：Are you going to the park tomorrow
He/She is going to buy clothes.
否定：He/She isn’t going to buy any clothes.
疑问：Is he/she going to buy any clothes
It is going to rain.
否定：It isn’t going to rain.
疑问：Is it going to rain
We/They are going to have a picnic/party.
否定：We/They aren’t going to have a picnic/party.
疑问：Are we/they going to have a picnic/party
特殊疑问句（询问计划内容 / 时间 / 地点）
疑问词放句首，后半句保留 be going to 结构
例句：What are you going to do this weekend
When is Helen going to visit her granddaughter
Where is he going to have his birthday party
简化用法（去往某地）
go 与 going 重复，省略后面的 go，直接用 be going to + 地点
例句：We are going to Hong Kong for a holiday.
二、will + 动词原形
含义
描述未来事件、对未来做预测；will 不随人称、单复数变化
例句：There will be a robot in every family in the future.
Planes will be very large, so flying will be cheap.
否定句
will 后加 not，缩写 won’t
例句：Students will study online. They won’t use books.
一般疑问句
will 提到句首，动词保持原形
例句：Will students go to school in the future
Will there be robot teachers in school
一般将来时 will 用法大全
1. 基础四句式：肯定 / 否定 / 一般疑问 / 简答
① 主语 I
肯定句：I will have many presents.
否定句：I will not (won’t) have many presents.
一般疑问句：Will I have many presents
回答：Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
② 主语 You
肯定句：You will write a book.
否定句：You will not (won’t) write a book.
一般疑问句：Will you write a book
回答：Yes, you will. / No, you won’t.
③ 主语 He / She
肯定句：He / She will do exciting jobs.
否定句：He / She will not (won’t) do exciting jobs.
一般疑问句：Will he /she do exciting jobs
回答：Yes, he /she will. / No, he /she won’t.
④ 主语 It
肯定句：It will happen.
否定句：It will not (won’t) happen.
一般疑问句：Will it happen
回答：Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
⑤ 主语 We
肯定句：We will win.
否定句：We will not (won’t) win.
一般疑问句：Will we win
回答：Yes, we will. / No, we won’t.
⑥ 主语 They
肯定句：They will do heavy work.
否定句：They will not (won’t) do heavy work.
一般疑问句：Will they do heavy work
回答：Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.
⑦ There be 句型（将会有）
肯定句：There will be a robot in every family.
否定句：There will not (won’t) be a robot in every family.
一般疑问句：Will there be a robot in every family
回答：Yes, there will. / No, there won’t.
2. will 特殊疑问句
固定结构：疑问词 + will + 主语 + 谓语（+ 宾语）
例句 1：When will you come 你什么时候来？
例句 2：Where will they go for a trip 他们会去哪里旅行？
六、现在进行时
1. 时态含义 & 基础公式
用来表达此时此刻正在做的事
核心结构：be 动词 (am /is/are) + 动词 - ing
2. 动词变动词 - ing 4 大变化规则
普通动词，直接在单词末尾加 - ing
例：working, buying, visiting, talking, saying
单词以不发音字母 e 结尾，先去掉 e，再加 - ing
例：taking, having, leaving, driving, writing, making
重读闭音节单词（辅 + 元 + 辅结尾，末尾仅一个辅音字母），双写末尾辅音字母，再加 - ing
例：stopping, shopping, sitting, getting
特殊不规则变化
lie → lying
3. 肯定句 & 否定句写法
否定规则：在 be 动词后加 not，可缩写 isn’t /aren’t
I
肯定：I am writing a letter.
否定：I am not writing a letter.
He / She
肯定：He / She is listening to music.
否定：He / She is not (isn’t) listening to music.
We
肯定：We are enjoying our trip.
否定：We are not (aren’t) enjoying our trip.
They
肯定：They are talking to each other.
否定：They are not (aren’t) talking to each other.
4. 一般疑问句 + 简短回答
变换规则：把 be 动词 (am/is/are) 提到句子最前面
Is she cleaning the house
肯定回答：Yes, she is.
否定回答：No, she isn’t.
Are you getting ready for the Spring Festival
肯定回答：Yes, I am /we are.
否定回答：No, I’m not /we aren’t.
Are they sweeping the floor
肯定回答：Yes, they are.
否定回答：No, they aren’t.
Are the boys making lanterns
肯定回答：Yes, they are.
否定回答：No, they aren’t.
5. 现在进行时特殊疑问句（询问正在做什么）
核心疑问词：What
What are you doing 你（们）在做什么？
What are they doing 他们在做什么？
What is he doing 他在做什么？

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