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湖南长沙市岳麓实验中学
2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题
一、阅读理解
A
The International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) is a competition for pre-university students, held in a different country each year since 2003. It challenges participants, both individually and in teams, to solve linguistic (语言学的) puzzles. To compete at the IOL, no special knowledge is required, only basic language concepts, logic, patience, and creative thinking. Try this beginner sample to see if the IOL is right for you.
A Puzzle The names of some South American countries are written in Georgian (格鲁吉亚语) with their English translations: Brazil
Peru
Uruguay Q: What is the English name of this country “ ” The Solution ·The Georgian forms of “Peru” and “Uruguay” have the same number of letters as their English names, showing a direct letter match. ·The repeated-U in “Uruguay” further confirms Georgian is written left-to-right. ·“Brazil” has fewer letters than the Georgian version, but thanks to the two other names, we already know: → R, → A, → G, → E. ·With these letters, the pattern can be translated as “A R G E _ _ _ _ A,” which is “Argentina”.
Contest Rules
·Each individual contestant or team must choose a working language for their problems and solutions, a choice that cannot be changed less than two weeks before the Olympiad begins.
·The individual contest involves solving five problems in six hours, whereas the team contest features one problem with two hours less.
·Unless instructed, giving multiple (多样的) answers will receive zero marks. Besides, a detailed explanation is required for each answer; failure to provide one will result in a lower score.
Awards
The team contest will award up to one gold, two silver, and three bronze medals. In the individual contest, the number of gold, silver, and bronze medals awarded shall be in the ratio 1:2:3, with the total number of medals being between one quarter and one third of the contestants. Click here to find out other awards.
1. Which is important to solve the sample puzzle
A．Linguistic fluency.
B．Reasoning ability.
C．Geographic knowledge.
D．Mathematical calculation.
2. What is different about the rules for the individual and team contests
A．The length of the competition.
B．The deadline for language choice.
C．The result of giving multiple answers.
D．The requirement for answer explanations.
3. If there are 240 individual contestants, how many medals could be awarded in total
A．40.
B．54.
C．72.
D．84.
B
The four familiar words physicians always fear come when the office visit is ending, the doctor’s hand reaching for the door. “Oh, by the way,” the patient says. “Should I be worried about this chest pain I’ve been having ” The doctor has to go back into the room and start over again. Doctors call it “the doorknob phenomenon”.
Doctors’ rushed schedules and patients’ natural hesitation to reveal frightening or embarrassing symptoms (症状) make those questions at the doorknob almost unavoidable, but medical schools increasingly are teaching students how to avoid such situations.
Dr. Rita Charon at Columbia University’s medical school encourages doctors-in-training to signal some desire to hear about patients and their greatest concerns. She teaches a method she has adopted with her own new patients, whom she tells: “I’m going to be your doctor and I need to know a lot about your health and your body and your life.” Then she stops talking, and doesn’t write anything down or check the computer — she just listens.
“When I did this the first time, the patient started crying, saying ‘No one ever let me do this before,’” Charon said.
Another patient Nancy Conley says embarrassment led to her own doorknob questions about smelly feet. She sometimes talked herself out of mentioning it at all, trying to downplay it in her mind during the visit.
Charon’s advice to doctors for avoiding such resistance is to slow down. A rushed atmosphere can make patients feel uncomfortable about mentioning bothersome issues. Instead, doctors should take a moment to imagine what it’s like to be the patient. “This could help break the ice,” Charon said.
Margaret Fitzpatrick, a nurse at Advocate Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn, says patients can help, too, by writing down questions to ask the doctor before each visit. “People need to be better prepared for the experience of going to the doctor,” Fitzpatrick said. “So if they have a strange spot on their neck, they need to take the responsibility of bringing it up rather than hoping that the doctor will see it and bring it up.”
4. What is “the doorknob phenomenon”
A．Doctors ignore patients’ problems.
B．Doctors rush to end appointments.
C．Patients forget their mild symptoms.
D．Patients keep key issues till the last.
5. What is the core of Charon’s method mentioned in paragraph 3
A．Respecting patients’ personal privacy.
B．Allowing patients to release emotions.
C．Showing professionalism to patients.
D．Encouraging patients to open up.
6. How can doctors prevent “the doorknob phenomenon” according to Charon
A．By skipping patients’ bothersome issues.
B．By putting themselves in patients’ shoes.
C．By advising patients to make frequent visits.
D．By telling patients to write down their questions.
7. What does Fitzpatrick expect patients to do
A．Raise their concerns actively.
B．Ask few off-topic questions.
C．Trust the doctor’s judgment.
D．Record the doctor’s evaluation.
C
Beneath the shiny surface of coastal waters lies an often-overlooked ecosystem: seagrass meadows (草甸). Moving with the flow of the water, their delicate leaves safeguard shorelines, purify water and support sea life.
“Seagrass is often referred to as a Swiss-army knife, as it has so many wonderful services that are so valuable not just to us, but to nature as a whole,” shares Sophie Pipe, seagrass conservationist at Cornwall Wildlife Trust.
Sophie explains how globally these meadows are crucial for sea life at all stages. “They’re used as places to lay eggs for fish and sharks, a food source for manatees (海牛) and a training ground for young dolphins.” In the UK, these habitats are important commercially, as they sustain our fisheries. Besides, seagrass covers only 0.1% of the ocean floor, but accounts for 18% of the ocean’s carbon storage.
However, seagrasses are threatened. “In the UK, we’ve lost as much as 90% of our seagrass. A major driver is water pollution from agricultural run-off and wastewater overflow, which causes fast algal (海藻的) growth that then blocks sunlight. This prevents light-dependent growth and takes oxygen from seagrass meadows,” Sophie explains.
“Seagrass has also been seen to die off rapidly during ocean heat waves, which is a bad sign for our warming ocean. Climate change is also increasing the intensity and frequency of storms, which can disturb and uproot seagrass meadows, ” Sophie explains.
Now Sophie is working on a seagrass restoration project in Cornwall. “We only have two remaining seagrass beds in Cornwall. The project aims to see if we can restore these sites in a cost-effective way so that our techniques can be used in other places to replant meadows,” explains Sophie. One and a half years into the pilot study, her team is already seeing results. Seedlings are taking root, starting to grow and even spreading.
“You don’t need to live by the coast to care about seagrass,” encourages Sophie. “Ultimately, what we do on land drives what happens in the sea.”
8. Why is seagrass compared to a Swiss-army knife
A．It is a weapon against climate change.
B．It has multiple survival skills.
C．It offers many benefits.
D．It has sharp leaves.
9. What is the main reason for the decline of seagrass
A．Pollution of the ocean.
B．Development of fisheries.
C．Arrival of competing plants.
D．An increase in manatee population.
10. What can be inferred about Sophie’s project
A．It still takes ages to see the results.
B．It needs to be more cost-effective.
C．It has been expanded greatly.
D．It is gaining success.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A．Saving Seagrass, Restoring the Ocean
B．A Seagrass Conservationist’s Journey
C．How Climate Change Destroys Seagrass
D．Can Seagrass Sow Hope for Carbon Storage
D
It is widely acknowledged that crows are highly intelligent with cognitive abilities similar to those of 5-to 7-year-old children. Past research shows that they can count to four and distinguish human voices and faces, and some species can even create tools for future use. Lately, a special study has expanded this list further, revealing that crows can recognize basic geometric features, such as side lengths, parallel lines, and right angles, and tell apart shapes like stars, crescents, squares, and irregular four-sided figures.
With the purpose of testing the crows’ geometric skills, scientists showed two crows six shapes on a digital screen and trained them to peck (啄) at the outlier—the shape that looked different from the rest. When the birds chose correctly, they were rewarded with a tasty snack. At first, the researchers made the outlier obvious, such as one flower among five crescents. As the birds got used to the task, the shapes became more similar including squares and irregular four- sided figures. Despite the increasing difficulty, the crows continued to identify the outlier correctly.
The shape recognition ability of crows remains a topic of interest for researchers. They suspect this ability may help them with navigation as they fly around. The birds may have also developed this ability to help them search for food or identify other individual crows — including potential mates — based on their facial features. “All these abilities, at the end of the day, from a biological point of view, have evolved because they provide a survival advantage or a reproductive advantage,” says study senior author Andreas Nieder, a neurophysiologist at the University of Tübingen in Germany.
In the future, researchers hope to explore which areas of the birds’ brains are responsible for their exceptional ability in geometry. Birds don’t have a cerebral cortex (大脑皮层)—at least, not in the same way that humans do. But for us, that part of the brain is responsible for thinking and other complex functions. Crows still have these abilities, so the researchers assume there must be something else going on inside their heads. “Obviously, evolution found two different ways of giving rise to behaviorally flexible animals,” Nieder says.
12. What does the recent study reveal about crows
A．They can draw simple figures with tools.
B．They can distinguish between basic shapes in geometry.
C．They can do easy math calculations.
D．They can recognize human voices and faces.
13. How did the researchers increase the difficulty of the shape- recognition task
A．By shortening the time for the crows to respond.
B．By presenting more familiar shapes on the screen.
C．By showing the figures with different colors.
D．By enhancing the similarity among the shapes.
14. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The role of crows’ geometric potential in navigation.
B．Reasons for crows to evolve shape identification abilities.
C．Survival benefits of crows’ cognitive talents.
D．The advantages of crows’ food-searching skills over other birds.
15. What is the follow-up step for future study
A．Investigating crows’ brain areas related to geometric skills.
B．Comparing the cerebral cortex of humans and crows.
C．Exploring other complex functions of crows’ brains.
D．Studying the causes of crows’ flexible behaviors.
七选五
Test Anxiety
Test anxiety is that nervous feeling you may get when you’re about to take a test. It’s normal to feel some pressure before an exam. ___16___ But for some people, the worries are so strong that they can’t concentrate and don’t do as well as they’d like.
What Happens with Test Anxiety
When you’re under stress (like right before a test), your body releases a hormone (激素) called adrenaline, which brings the “fight or flight” response. It can cause physical reactions like sweating, a pounding heart, fast breathing, or even a stomach ache and headache. ___17___
At the same time, if you keep thinking about failing or forgetting what you studied, your anxiety will grow stronger. These negative thoughts make stress worse and can actually hurt your test performance.
Who’s Likely to Have Test Anxiety
___18___ It can be hard for them to accept mistakes or get anything less than a perfect score. Students who aren’t prepared for tests but care about doing well are also likely to have test anxiety.
How Can I Overcome Test Anxiety
There are lots of ways to stress less over tests:
Start studying the day the teacher first says there will be an exam. ___19___
Try breathing exercises to relax.
Remind yourself that you don’t have to get a perfect score on every test. Everyone slips up, so don’t overthink mistakes. ___20___
Test anxiety won’t go away overnight. But dealing with it can help you handle stress better — even when you’re not taking exams.
A．Luckily, test anxiety can be lessened.
B．A little stress can help you focus and do better.
C．Think of them as chances to learn for the next time.
D．In more serious cases, you might throw up or pass out.
E．That way you won’t be rushing to study at the last minute.
F．Students with higher test anxiety tend to perform worse on exams.
G．People who are perfectionists are more likely to have test anxiety.
二、完形填空
I remember going to my grandparents’ farm for Thanksgiving every year. I ___21___ how loud the screen door would slam (砰地关上) and my parents calling out, “Don’t slam the door and no running in the house.” This ___22___ my pace to a walk as I headed to the kitchen. My grandma would smile down at me and ___23___ me a cookie from her apron (围裙) pocket. Then I would run outside to ___24___ playing with my cousins until it got ___25___.
When the dinner bell rang, we ran to the house to ___26___ for supper. The table was ___27___ with food and our large family. My mother ___28___ my plate and never seemed to notice when I held my hand up to ___29___ her to stop after the first spoonful. I didn’t like those sweet potatoes, but the dressing made by Grandma was one of my ___30___. The turkey and ham smelled and tasted like the pecan (山核桃) wood Grandpa used in his smokehouse. These were the tastes and smells of my ___31___.
When my grandparents passed away, I bought that farm. While restoring it, my wife and I decided to ___32___ the screen door. On Thanksgiving, we ___33___ the dinner, using Grandma’s recipe. When my kids rush into the house with their cousins and the screen door slams, I ___34___, “Don’t slam the door and no running in the house.” From one generation to another, our ___35___ run deep in family traditions.
21. A．admit B．determine C．recall D．recognize
22. A．compared B．slowed C．explained D．attached
23. A．save B．order C．bake D．slip
24. A．avoid B．continue C．suggest D．remember
25. A．dark B．warm C．clear D．real
26. A．wash up B．stand up C．set off D．back off
27. A．covered B．matched C．packed D．decorated
28. A．lifted B．filled C．cleaned D．spotted
29. A．stimulate B．assist C．signal D．allow
30. A．excuses B．regulars C．hobbies D．favorites
31. A．hometown B．playground C．housework D．childhood
32. A．keep B．leave C．bring D．shake
33. A．miss B．attend C．enjoy D．prepare
34. A．apologize B．shout C．argue D．declare
35. A．successes B．habits C．roots D．issues
三、语法填空
A recent study in the journal Science finds that an organic waste ban in Massachusetts has reduced overall waste by 13 percent in ___36___ past five years.
Bans on organic waste, or food waste, offer a tool to reduce greenhouse gases. The study reports that ___37___ (compare) with landfilling food, composting (堆肥处理) generates 38 percent to 84 percent less methane (甲烷). Massachusetts’ success is due to two key ___38___ (factor). First, the state’s food waste ban is simple, stable, and easy to understand. It applies consistently, ___39___ frequent revisions, which may be helping the policy achieve its intended effect. Second, Massachusetts has built a composting infrastructure (基础设施) network, ___40___ (make) it easier for waste producers to follow the law.
While a commercial waste ban only ___41___ (target) large businesses and institutions, the resulting expansion in waste-handling infrastructure can benefit smaller organizations too. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection encourages all businesses, regardless of size, ___42___ (consider) changing their ways of managing organic waste to ___43___ (potential) save money.
Beyond environmental benefits, the policy has also driven ___44___ (economy) growth. Massachusetts found that in two years, the commercial food waste ban created more than 900 new jobs ___45___ US $175 million in business activity. That, on its own, might inspire other policymakers to follow suit.
四、书信写作
46. 假定你是李华，想邀请外教Mike一起观看一场中国少数民族服装秀（Chinese ethnic costume show）。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
(1)时间、地点及表演内容；
(2)推荐这场服装秀的理由。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lisa moved with her parents and their cat Cocci a year ago when her father started a new job. The family took great care at their new location to keep Cocci inside the house, because they were worried she’d get lost in the different surroundings.
Cocci held a special place in Lisa’s heart. She had been Lisa’s friend since childhood. Lisa loved brushing Cocci’s soft hair after school, and the cat would often curl up (蜷缩) beside her while she did her homework or read a book. On quiet evenings, Cocci would follow Lisa around the house, sometimes curling up on her lap during family movie nights. Cocci had a calm, affectionate personality and would often react to Lisa’s whisper. Their bond was unmistakable.
But Cocci went missing in August. The disappearance left the entire family heartbroken, especially Lisa. For three months, the worried family tried everything they could think of, but Cocci was nowhere to be found.
To stop Lisa from worrying, her mother Sue told her that she thought Cocci had probably gone back to their old home — though she did not believe for a second it could be true.
Remarkably, in early October, a stranger found a stray (走失的) cat more than 450 kilometers away — just five miles from the family’s former residence — and took it to a local vet (兽医). Around the same time, Lisa saw a post shared on Facebook about a cat found near her previous home. Though the cat looked noticeably different due to weight loss and weather exposure, Lisa immediately had a strong feeling it was Cocci.
The vet confirmed that the stray was a 10-year-old female, just like Cocci. Photos were exchanged and Lisa asked her father to go and identify her. Initially, he hesitated, because he couldn’t believe it was possible that a cat could travel so far alone, but eventually he agreed.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
When Lisa’s father saw the cat, he tested her response by calling several names.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three weeks later, Lisa welcomed Cocci, now recovered, home.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、阅读理解
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.D 18.G 19.E 20.C
二、完形填空
21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.C 30.D 31.D 32.A 33.D 34.B 35.C
三、语法填空
36.the pared 38.factors 39.without 40.making
41.targets 42.to consider 43.potentially 44.economic 45.and
书信范文
Dear Mike,
I’m writing to invite you to join me this Sunday morning for a Chinese ethnic costume show at the Renmin Park. The show will showcase a variety of traditional costumes from ethnic groups across China, accompanied by fascinating folk dances and beautiful live music.
I recommend it for several reasons. First, it’s an opportunity to experience the rich diversity of Chinese culture. Second, the costumes and performances are sure to leave a lasting impression on you. Most importantly, it helps you gain deeper insights into China’s ethnic groups.
I’m looking forward to sharing this special cultural event with you!
Best regards,
Li Hua
读后续写范文
When Lisa’s father saw the cat, he tested her response by calling several names. She reacted only when he said "Cocci", lifting her head and letting out a soft, familiar meow. Lisa, watching on a video call, recognized her beloved pet and burst into tears. Cocci had lost significant weight—she weighed less than a kilogram—and was suffering from some health issues. She stayed under veterinary care for three weeks before the family was finally allowed to take her home.
Three weeks later, Lisa welcomed Cocci, now recovered, home. Cocci was back to her affectionate self, often sitting close to Lisa and following her from room to room. She quickly reclaimed her favorite spot by the living room window, where she would sleep in the afternoon sunlight. Cocci made happier, louder sounds than ever, as if making up for lost time. The family remained amazed at her incredible journey and often talked about it as one of the most heartwarming memories they shared. For Lisa, having Cocci back felt like getting a piece of her heart returned.

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