Unit 1 Look it up! 暑假预习讲义(含答案)——2026年新教材沪教版英语八年级上册

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Unit 1 Look it up! 暑假预习讲义(含答案)——2026年新教材沪教版英语八年级上册

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Unit 1 Look it up! 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词 内容
学习目标 1. 能够正确使用some和any表示数量。 2. 能够正确使用somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing等不定代词。 3. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇(intelligent, talented, artistic, perhaps, notebook, vehicle, prehistoric, completely, original, birth, suffering, artist, death, whole, piece, editor, organize, order, record等)。 4. 能够了解百科全书的用途并学会写百科全书条目。
学习重点 1. some和any作为限定词的用法(肯定句用some,否定句/疑问句用any)。 2. some和any作为不定代词的用法。 3. 不定代词(somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing等)的用法。 4. 后缀-ist和-ian构成名词(表示从事某职业的人)。
学习难点 1. some在疑问句中表示请求或建议时的特殊用法。 2. 不定代词的动词单复数形式。 3. 不定代词在否定句中的用法(nobody, nothing等本身已含否定意义)。 4. 百科全书条目的写作结构。
02 核心词汇预览
1. dinosaur n. 恐龙
2. intelligent adj. 有才智的;聪明的
3. talented adj. 有才能的;天才的
4. artistic adj. 有艺术天赋的
5. perhaps adv. 可能;大概;也许
6. notebook n. 笔记本
7. vehicle n. 交通工具;车辆
8. prehistoric adj. 史前的
9. completely adv. 完全地;彻底地
10. original adj. 原来的;起初的
11. birth n. 出生
12. suffering n. 苦难;疼痛
13. artist n. 艺术家;(尤指)画家
14. death n. 死;死亡
15. whole adj. 全部的;所有的
16. piece n. 一首,一篇(作品)
17. editor n. (书籍的)编辑
18. organize v. 安排;组织
19. order n. 顺序
20. record v. 记录
21. entry n. 条目;词条
22. subject n. 主题;学科
23. encyclopedia n. 百科全书
24. genius n. 天才
25. musician n. 音乐家
26. scientist n. 科学家
27. engineer n. 工程师
28. inventor n. 发明家
29. fossil n. 化石
30. species n. 物种
31. ancestor n. 祖先
32. survive v. 生存;存活
03 核心短语预览
1. die out 灭绝
2. a type of 一种
3. be related to 与……属于同一种类
4. general education 通识教育
5. go back a long way 历史悠久
6. be similar to 与……相似
7. alphabetical order 字母顺序
8. play an important role 起到重要作用
9. from an early age 从小
10. in different fields 在不同领域
11. change the way we think 改变我们的思维方式
12. come in different sizes 有不同尺寸
13. as small as 像……一样小
14. as big as 像……一样大
15. in several volumes 分为几卷
04 重点句型预览
1. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. 列奥纳多·达·芬奇(1452-1519)是一位意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。
2. Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 达·芬奇极其聪明,在许多不同领域都有非凡的才能。
3. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. 他是一个真正的天才,他的绘画和发明改变了我们对艺术和科学的思考方式。
4. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. 列奥纳多·达·芬奇出生在意大利的乡村。
5. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. 从小,他就表现出非凡的智力和艺术天赋。
6. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. 随着年龄增长,他学会做许多不同的事情。
7. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. 他的画作非常有名,其中《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画作。
8. His notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. 他的笔记本包含一些有趣的飞行器和其他交通工具的图纸。
9. Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. 恐龙是一种史前动物。
10. They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. 它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴有亲缘关系。
11. They are also the ancestors of today's birds. 它们也是今天鸟类的祖先。
12. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. 恐龙大约在2.45亿年前首次出现。
13. The word "dinosaur" comes from two Greek words, and it means "terrible lizard". “恐龙”这个词来自两个希腊词,意思是“可怕的蜥蜴”。
14. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. 恐龙生活在陆地上,用两条腿或四条腿行走。
15. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. 许多恐龙吃植物,但有些吃肉类。
16. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. 恐龙有不同的体型。
17. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. 有些像鸡一样小,有些像十头大象一样大。
18. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. 恐龙统治地球超过1.8亿年。
19. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. 大约6600万年前,恐龙突然灭绝了。
20. Scientists are not completely sure why. 科学家不完全确定原因。
21. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils. 然而,他们通过研究恐龙化石,对恐龙的了解越来越多。
22. Can I ask you some questions about dinosaurs? 我能问你一些关于恐龙的问题吗?
23. Some scientists don't accept this theory. 一些科学家不接受这个理论。
24. Do you have any theories yourself? 你自己有什么理论吗?
25. There isn't any sound proof for it yet. 目前还没有任何确凿的证据。
26. Did you find anything useful in the library? 你在图书馆找到什么有用的东西吗?
27. The librarian showed me a few books, but I found nothing useful. 图书管理员给我看了几本书,但我没找到有用的东西。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:some和any作为限定词
【定义】some和any作为限定词,用于修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”。
【用法分类】
some:通常用于肯定句
例句:I have some questions about dinosaurs.
例句:The librarian showed me some books.
any:通常用于否定句和疑问句
例句:She does not have any questions about dinosaurs.
例句:Do you have any theories yourself?
例句:There isn't any sound proof for it yet.
some用于疑问句的特殊情况
(1)期待对方回答“yes”时。
(2)表示请求或建议时(礼貌用法)。
例句:Would you like some tea?(建议)
例句:May I have some noodles?(请求)
例句:Can I ask you some questions?(请求)
【要点详解】
some修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。
any修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。
some也可用作代词,单独使用。
【练习1】I have ______ questions about dinosaurs.
A. some B. any C. no D. none
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我有一些关于恐龙的问题。肯定句用some。故选A。
【练习2】Do you have ______ theories yourself?
A. some B. any C. no D. none
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你自己有什么理论吗?疑问句用any。故选B。
考点2:some和any作为不定代词
【定义】some和any也可以作为代词单独使用,指代前面提到的人或事物。
【用法分类】
some:指代一些人或事物(肯定句)
例句:Some say dinosaurs died out because there was not enough food.
(some = some scientists)
any:指代任何人或事物(疑问句/否定句)
例句:I need some paints. Do you have any?
(any = any paints)
【要点详解】
some在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
any在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数,视具体语境而定。
【练习1】______ say dinosaurs died out because there was not enough food.
A. Some B. Any C. No D. None
【答案】A
【详解】句意:有些人说恐龙灭绝是因为没有足够的食物。some作主语,指代一些人。故选A。
考点3:不定代词(somebody, anybody, nobody等)
【定义】不定代词用于指代不特定的人或事物。
【分类表】
指人 指物/事
somebody(某人) something(某事物)
anybody(任何人) anything(任何事物)
nobody(没有人) nothing(没有事物)
everybody(每个人) everything(一切事物)
【用法分类】
some-开头:用于肯定句
例句:There must be someone I know.
例句:I have got something for you.
any-开头:用于否定句和疑问句
例句:There isn't anyone in the reading room.
例句:Did you see anybody in the library?
例句:I haven't got anything for you.
no-开头:用于肯定句(但表示否定意义)
例句:Nobody goes to the library at this time of day.
例句:I found nothing useful.
【要点详解】
不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:Nobody goes to the library at this time.
例句:Something is wrong with my computer.
no-开头的词本身已含否定意义,句子中不再用not。
【练习1】There must be ______ I know.
A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone
【答案】A
【详解】句意:一定有某个我认识的人。肯定句用someone。故选A。
【练习2】I found ______ useful in the library.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我在图书馆没找到有用的东西。否定意义用nothing。故选C。
考点4:后缀-ist和-ian构成名词
【定义】-ist和-ian加在名词后,表示“从事……职业的人”或“……专家”。
【用法分类】
-ist:表示“……主义者;……专家”
原词 加-ist 中文
science scientist 科学家
art artist 艺术家
piano pianist 钢琴家
biology biologist 生物学家
physics physicist 物理学家
chemistry chemist 化学家
violin violinist 小提琴家
tour tourist 游客
-ian:表示“……人;……专家”
原词 加-ian 中文
music musician 音乐家
history historian 历史学家
mathematics mathematician 数学家
politics politician 政治家
library librarian 图书管理员
comedy comedian 喜剧演员
magic magician 魔术师
【要点详解】
-ist和-ian都表示“人”,但搭配的单词不同,需分别记忆。
有些词以-e结尾,加-ian时去-e(如music→musician)。
【练习1】A ______ (music) is someone who plays or writes music.
【答案】musician
【详解】句意:音乐家是演奏或创作音乐的人。music加-ian构成musician。故填musician。
【练习2】My uncle is a ______ (science). He works in a lab.
【答案】scientist
【详解】句意:我叔叔是一位科学家。他在实验室工作。science加-ist构成scientist。故填scientist。
考点5:阅读策略——扫读(Scanning)
【定义】扫读是指快速扫视文本,寻找特定信息的方法。
【阅读步骤】
(1)确定你要找的信息。
(2)在脑海中形成关键词。
(3)快速移动视线,找到关键词。
(4)仔细阅读关键词周围的句子,获取所需信息。
【练习1】用扫读策略快速找到以下信息。
(1)恐龙首次出现的时间:______
(2)达·芬奇的出生年份:______
(3)“恐龙”一词的含义:______
【答案】(1)around 245 million years ago (2)1452 (3)terrible lizard
06 重点归纳
一、some和any的用法
(1)some:肯定句,或表示请求/建议的疑问句。
(2)any:否定句和一般疑问句。
二、不定代词
(1)some-开头:肯定句(someone, something)。
(2)any-开头:否定句/疑问句(anyone, anything)。
(3)no-开头:肯定句表否定(nobody, nothing)。
(4)不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
三、后缀-ist和-ian
(1)-ist:scientist, artist, pianist, biologist。
(2)-ian:musician, historian, mathematician, librarian。
07 过关检测
一、用some或any填空(共6题)
1. I have ______ questions about dinosaurs.
2. Do you have ______ theories yourself?
3. There isn't ______ sound proof for it yet.
4. Can I ask you ______ questions?
5. The librarian showed me ______ books.
6. She does not have ______ questions about dinosaurs.
二、用somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing填空(共6题)
1. There must be ______ I know.
2. I found ______ useful in the library.
3. Did you see ______ in the library?
4. ______ goes to the library at this time of day.
5. I haven't got ______ for you.
6. There isn't ______ in the reading room.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空(后缀-ist或-ian)(共5题)
1. A ______ (music) is someone who plays or writes music.
2. My uncle is a ______ (science). He works in a lab.
3. She is a famous ______ (art). She paints beautiful pictures.
4. The ______ (library) helped me find the book.
5. He wants to become a ______ (physics) when he grows up.
四、单项选择(共8题)
1. I have ______ questions about dinosaurs.
A. some B. any C. no D. none
2. Do you have ______ theories yourself?
A. some B. any C. no D. none
3. There isn't ______ sound proof for it yet.
A. some B. any C. no D. none
4. There must be ______ I know.
A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone
5. I found ______ useful in the library.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
6. ______ goes to the library at this time of day.
A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody
7. A ______ is someone who plays or writes music.
A. scientist B. musician C. artist D. librarian
8. Da Vinci was extremely ______.
A. intelligent B. talented C. artistic D. all of the above
五、完成句子(共5题)
1. 达·芬奇是一位真正的天才。
Da Vinci was a true ______.
2. 恐龙突然灭绝了。
Dinosaurs suddenly ______ ______.
3. 从小,他就表现出非凡的智力。
______ an early ______, he showed great intelligence.
4. 恐龙有不同的体型。
Dinosaurs ______ ______ different ______.
5. 科学家通过研究化石来了解恐龙。
Scientists learn about dinosaurs by ______ their ______.
六、将下列句子翻译成英文(共3题)
1. 恐龙是一种史前动物。
2. 《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画作。
3. 我能问你一些关于恐龙的问题吗?
参考答案
一、用some或any填空
1. some(肯定句)
2. any(疑问句)
3. any(否定句)
4. some(请求/疑问句)
5. some(肯定句)
6. any(否定句)
二、用不定代词填空
1. someone(肯定句)
2. nothing(肯定句表否定)
3. anybody(疑问句)
4. Nobody(肯定句表否定)
5. anything(否定句)
6. anyone(否定句)
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. musician(music加-ian)
2. scientist(science加-ist)
3. artist(art加-ist)
4. librarian(library加-ian)
5. physicist(physics加-ist)
四、单项选择
1. A(肯定句用some)
2. B(疑问句用any)
3. B(否定句用any)
4. A(肯定句用someone)
5. C(肯定句表否定用nothing)
6. C(肯定句表否定用nobody)
7. B(musician音乐家)
8. D(intelligent, talented, artistic都是达·芬奇的特点)
五、完成句子
1. genius
2. died out
3. From; age
4. came in; sizes
5. studying; fossils
六、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal.
2. The Mona Lisa is perhaps the most famous painting in the world.
3. Can I ask you some questions about dinosaurs?

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