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Unit 6 Wisdom counts 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词 内容
学习目标 1. 能够正确使用现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 2. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇（soldier, empty, victory, midnight, succeed, capture, celebrate, sail away, hide, climb, secretly, wise, wisdom, count等）。 3. 能够复述特洛伊木马等古代智慧故事。 4. 能够理解智慧故事中的道理和启示。
学习重点 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别。 2. 常用现在完成时的时间状语（since, for, ever, never, already, yet）。 3. 常用一般过去时的时间状语（yesterday, last night, ...ago, in 2020等）。 4. 描述古代智慧故事中的事件。
学习难点 1. 现在完成时（与现在有联系）与一般过去时（只讲过去）的区分。 2. 同一事件可以用两种时态表达，但含义不同。 3. 动词过去式和过去分词的区分。 4. 复述故事时的逻辑顺序和组织。
02 核心词汇预览
1. soldier n. 士兵
2. empty adj. 空的
3. victory n. 胜利；成功
4. midnight n. 午夜
5. succeed v. 达到目的；成功
6. capture v. 俘虏；攻占
7. celebrate v. 庆祝
8. sail away 起航离开
9. hide v. 隐藏
10. climb v. 攀爬
11. secretly adv. 秘密地
12. wise adj. 有智慧的
13. wisdom n. 智慧
14. count v. 重要；有价值
15. captain n. 队长；船长
16. Greek adj. & n. 希腊的；希腊人
17. Trojan adj. 特洛伊的
18. wooden adj. 木制的
19. trick n. 诡计；计谋
20. remain n. 遗迹；遗址
21. archaeologist n. 考古学家
22. strategist n. 战略家
23. jealous adj. 嫉妒的
24. impossible adj. 不可能的
25. enemy n. 敌人
26. attack n. & v. 袭击；攻击
27. therefore adv. 因此；所以
28. fog n. 雾
29. arrow n. 箭
30. drum n. 鼓
03 核心短语预览
1. be tired of 厌烦
2. go on board 上船
3. without hesitation 毫不犹豫
4. succeed in doing 成功做某事
5. take over 占领；接管
6. in the end 最后
7. keep one's promise 遵守承诺
8. in one's opinion 在某人看来
9. be known as 作为……而闻名
10. in the early morning 清晨
11. be filled with 充满
12. under attack 遭受攻击
13. beat drums 击鼓
14. at midnight 在午夜
15. in the main square 在主广场
04 重点句型预览
1. The soldier came down the stairs — two at a time. 士兵走下楼梯——一次跨两级。
2. "Captain, they've gone," he cried. “队长，他们走了，”他喊道。
3. "The Greek soldiers have disappeared — all of them." “希腊士兵消失了——全部消失了。”
4. But the captain was no longer listening. 但队长不再听了。
5. He was going up the stairs — three at a time. 他走上楼梯——一次跨三级。
6. Seconds later, the captain stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. 几秒钟后，队长站在了特洛伊城的高墙上。
7. He looked down at the empty Greek camp and, beyond it, at the empty sea. 他俯视着空荡荡的希腊军营，以及远处空荡荡的大海。
8. "They've gone and we've won," he said. “他们走了，我们赢了，”他说。
9. "The Greek army has tried for ten years to capture our city. Now, they've sailed away and taken everything with them." “希腊军队花了十年的时间试图攻占我们的城市。现在，他们扬帆远航，带走了所有的东西。”
10. "Not everything, sir," the soldier said. “不是所有的东西，长官，”士兵说。
11. "They've left their horse." “他们留下了他们的马。”
12. Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse. 城门外面矗立着一匹巨大的木马。
13. "Ah, yes," the captain said, "that wooden horse. It's so big that they couldn't take it with them. Well, it's ours now. Get some help and pull it into the city. That won't be difficult. It's on wheels." “啊，是的，”队长说，“那匹木马。它太大了，他们带不走。嗯，现在它是我们的了。找些人来，把它拉进城里。那不难，它带轮子的。”
14. "But why is it on wheels " asked the soldier. “但它为什么有轮子呢？”士兵问。
15. "I think that maybe the Greeks want us to ..." “我觉得也许希腊人想让我们……”
16. The captain stopped him and said, "You're a soldier. It's not your job to think. Your job is to obey orders, and I'm giving you one now. Move that horse!" 队长打断他说：“你是个士兵。思考不是你的职责。你的职责是服从命令，我现在就给你一个命令。把那匹马搬走！”
17. So the Trojans pulled the wooden horse into the city. 于是特洛伊人把木马拉进了城。
18. That night, all the Trojans celebrated their victory in the main square. 那天晚上，所有特洛伊人在主广场庆祝他们的胜利。
19. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks. 他们围着马唱歌跳舞，取笑愚蠢的希腊人。
20. Then they made sure all the gates of the city were locked, and went to bed. 然后他们确认所有的城门都锁好了，就去睡觉了。
21. By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse. 到午夜时分，主广场空无一人，只有那匹巨大的马。
22. Some Greek soldiers were hiding inside. 一些希腊士兵藏在里面。
23. They waited for another hour, to be sure. 他们又等了一个小时，以确保安全。
24. Then, very carefully, they opened the secret door on the horse's side and climbed out. 然后，非常小心地，他们打开了马侧面的暗门，爬了出来。
25. No guards were around so they quietly made their way to the main gate and let in the Greek soldiers waiting outside. 周围没有守卫，所以他们悄悄地走到城门，让在外面等候的希腊士兵进来。
26. These soldiers secretly came back while the Trojans were celebrating. 这些士兵在特洛伊人庆祝时秘密地返回了。
27. Now the Greek army entered the city. 现在希腊军队进入了城市。
28. The Greeks spent ten years trying to take over the city of Troy. 希腊人花了十年的时间试图占领特洛伊城。
29. In the end, they succeeded in capturing it in just one night with a clever trick—and without any fighting. 最后，他们用了一个聪明的计谋，仅用一夜就成功攻占了它——而且没有任何战斗。
30. The Greeks have gone. They left last night. 希腊人已经走了。他们昨晚离开了。
31. We have finally won！ 我们终于赢了！
32. The Greeks left a huge wooden horse near the city. 希腊人在城附近留下了一匹巨大的木马。
33. The Greeks did not take it with them. 希腊人没有把它带走。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
【定义】两者都描述过去的动作，但现在完成时与现在有联系，一般过去时只是描述过去的事实。
【用法对比】
现在完成时：与现在有联系，不强调具体时间
例句：They have gone.（他们走了——对现在的影响：人不在这里）
例句：We have finally won！（我们终于赢了！——对现在的影响：我们现在是胜利者）
例句：The Greeks have left a huge wooden horse.（留下了木马——对现在的影响：木马现在还在）
一般过去时：只描述过去事实，强调具体时间
例句：They left last night.（昨晚离开——只说明过去的动作，不强调现在）
例句：The Greeks did not take it with them.（没有带走——只说明过去的事实）
【要点详解】
对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时
与现在的联系 有 无
时间状语 不接具体过去时间 接具体过去时间
| 例句 | They have gone. | They left last night. |
【练习1】The Greeks ______ gone. They ______ last night.
A. have; left B. have; have left C. left; have left D. left; left
【答案】A
【详解】句意：希腊人已经走了。他们昨晚离开了。现在完成时表示对现在的影响，一般过去时表示过去事实。故选A。
考点2：现在完成时与一般过去时的常见时间状语
【定义】不同时态常与不同的时间状语搭配。
【用法对比】
现在完成时常见状语
- for + 时间段
- since + 时间点
- already, yet, ever, never, just
- so far, up to now, in the past few years
- 不接明确过去时间
例句：I have been in Beijing for a week.
一般过去时常见状语
- yesterday
- last night/week/month/year
- ...ago
- in 2020
- at that time
例句：They left last night.
【练习1】The Trojan War ______ for ten years.
A. has lasted B. lasted C. have lasted D. had lasted
【答案】A
【详解】句意：特洛伊战争持续了十年。强调事件一直持续到现在，用现在完成时。故选A。
考点3：阅读策略——可视化（Visualizing）
【定义】在阅读时通过文字描述在脑海中构建画面，帮助理解和记忆。
【可视化步骤】
（1）注意描述性的词语和比喻性语言。
（2）构建场景的“画面”：时间、地点、人物、动作。
（3）在脑海中“看到”场景，增加阅读的沉浸感。
【例：特洛伊木马故事的可视化】
- 场景：特洛伊城，希腊军营空无一人，海面空旷。
- 人物：队长、士兵。
- 动作：队长跑上城墙，俯视军营。
【练习1】阅读下面的句子，在脑海中构建画面。
"Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse."
问题：你在脑海中看到了什么？
【答案】城门外矗立着一匹巨大的木马，木马由木头制成，非常高大。
06 重点归纳
一、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
（1）现在完成时：与现在有联系，不接具体过去时间。
（2）一般过去时：只描述过去事实，接具体过去时间。
二、常用时间状语
（1）现在完成时：for, since, already, yet, ever, never, so far。
（2）一般过去时：yesterday, last night, ...ago, in 2020。
三、阅读策略：可视化
（1）在脑海中构建场景画面。
（2）关注描述性词语。
（3）增强理解和记忆。
07 过关检测
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（现在完成时或一般过去时）（共8题）
1. The Greeks ______ (go). They ______ (leave) last night.
2. We ______ (finally win)！
3. The Greeks ______ (leave) a huge wooden horse near the city.
4. The Greeks ______ (not take) it with them.
5. I ______ (wait) so long for this moment.
6. Our men ______ (find) something unusual.
7. Who ______ (break) into the shop last night？
8. I ______ (have) a history lesson yesterday.
二、单项选择（共8题）
1. The Greeks ______ gone. They ______ last night.
A. have; left B. have; have left C. left; have left D. left; left
2. We ______ finally won！
A. have B. has C. are D. had
3. The Greeks ______ a huge wooden horse near the city.
A. have left B. left C. has left D. were leaving
4. They ______ not take it with them.
A. have B. did C. are D. do
5. Who ______ into the shop last night？
A. broke B. has broken C. breaks D. was breaking
6. I ______ a history lesson yesterday.
A. have had B. had C. have D. was having
7. The Trojan War ______ for about ten years.
A. has lasted B. lasted C. have lasted D. had lasted
8. The old man ______ without hesitation.
A. agree B. agreed C. has agreed D. was agreeing
三、判断正误并改正（共4题）
（1）The Trojan War has lasted for about ten years. （ ）
（2）Who broke into the shop last night？ （ ）
（3）I have had a history lesson yesterday. （ ）
（4）The King of Sparta has started the war. （ ）
四、完成句子（共5题）
1. 希腊人已经走了。他们昨晚离开了。
The Greeks ______ ______. They ______ last night.
2. 我们终于赢了！
We ______ ______ won！
3. 希腊人在城附近留下了一匹巨大的木马。
The Greeks ______ a huge wooden horse near the ______.
4. 特洛伊人把木马拉进了城。
The Trojans ______ the wooden horse ______ the city.
5. 他们用了一个聪明的计谋攻占了城市。
They ______ in capturing it with a clever ______.
五、将下列句子翻译成英文（共3题）
1. 思考不是你的职责。
2. 特洛伊人在主广场庆祝他们的胜利。
3. 在午夜时分，主广场空无一人。
参考答案
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. have gone; left（现在完成时+一般过去时）
2. have finally won（现在完成时，强调对现在的影响）
3. have left（现在完成时，强调对现在的影响）
4. did not take（一般过去时，只描述过去）
5. have waited（现在完成时，强调从过去到现在）
6. have found（现在完成时，强调对现在的影响）
7. broke（last night用一般过去时）
8. had（yesterday用一般过去时）
二、单项选择
1. A（现在完成时+一般过去时）
2. A（主语We用have）
3. A（现在完成时，强调对现在的影响）
4. B（一般过去时否定）
5. A（last night用一般过去时）
6. B（yesterday用一般过去时）
7. A（现在完成时，强调持续到现在）
8. B（一般过去时）
三、判断正误并改正
（1）√（现在完成时，强调持续）
（2）√（last night用一般过去时）
（3）× 改正：I had a history lesson yesterday.
（4）× 改正：The King of Sparta started the war.
四、完成句子
1. have gone; left
2. have finally
3. left; city
4. pulled; into
5. succeeded; trick
五、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. It's not your job to think.
2. The Trojans celebrated their victory in the main square.
3. By midnight, the main square was empty.

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