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Unit 5 Going on an exchange trip 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词 内容
学习目标 1. 能够正确使用现在完成时描述过去发生但对现在有影响的动作。 2. 能够正确使用already, yet, ever, never, since, for等与现在完成时连用。 3. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇（exchange, nervous, grateful, chopstick, tour, tai chi, yet, independent, content, feeling, shock, foreign, confused, anxious, honeymoon, unfamiliar, homesick, lonely, deal等）。 4. 能够描述交换旅行的经历和体验。
学习重点 1. 现在完成时的结构（have/has + 过去分词）。 2. 现在完成时与already, yet, ever, never, since, for的搭配。 3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 4. 描述交换旅行经历的表达。
学习难点 1. 现在完成时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句的构成。 2. since（+时间点）与for（+时间段）的区别。 3. already（肯定句）与yet（否定句/疑问句）的位置。 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分。
02 核心词汇预览
1. exchange n. 交流
2. nervous adj. 焦虑的；担忧的
3. grateful adj. 感激的
4. chopstick n. 筷子
5. tour n. 旅行；旅游
6. tai chi n. 太极（拳）
7. yet adv. 尚（未）；还；仍
8. independent adj. 自主的
9. content n. 内容
10. feeling n. 感觉；感情
11. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事
12. foreign adj. 外国的
13. confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的
14. anxious adj. 焦虑的；忧虑的
15. honeymoon n. 蜜月
16. unfamiliar adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的
17. homesick adj. 想家的
18. lonely adj. 孤独的
19. deal v. 对付；应付
20. adapt v. 适应
21. culture shock n. 文化冲击
22. host family n. 寄宿家庭
23. exchange student n. 交换生
24. unforgettable adj. 难忘的
25. achievement n. 成就
03 核心短语预览
1. in person 亲自
2. keep in touch with 与……保持联系
3. places of interest 名胜古迹
4. no doubt 毫无疑问
5. so far 到目前为止
6. come over 过来；来访
7. get along with 与……相处
8. at first 起初
9. deal with 处理；应对
10. feel at home 感到舒适自在
11. reverse culture shock 逆向文化冲击
12. in one's opinion 在某人看来
13. play an important part/role in 在……中起重要作用
14. a bit of 一点
15. as well as 也；和……一样
16. belong to 属于
04 重点句型预览
1. A group of British students from Woodpark School in London are visiting Yangguang Junior High School. 一群来自伦敦伍德帕克学校的英国学生正在访问阳光初级中学。
2. I was very nervous at first. 起初我非常紧张。
3. However, my host family are really friendly. 然而，我的寄宿家庭非常友好。
4. I'm really grateful that they let me stay in their home. 我非常感激他们让我住在他们家里。
5. I love Chinese food and enjoy every meal I have with my host family. 我喜欢中国菜，享受和寄宿家庭一起吃的每一顿饭。
6. I've learnt to use chopsticks, and I can speak a little Chinese！ 我学会了使用筷子，我还能说一点中文！
7. The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. 学生们在工作日和中国的学生一起学习。
8. At the weekend, they go on tours with their host families around Beijing and visit places of interest. 周末，他们和寄宿家庭一起游览北京，参观名胜古迹。
9. I've watched videos about the Great Wall before, but seeing it in person is definitely an unforgettable experience！ 我以前看过关于长城的视频，但亲眼看到绝对是一次难忘的经历！
10. The wall snakes its way through the mountains of north China for thousands of kilometres. 长城蜿蜒穿过中国北部的山脉，长达数千公里。
11. The Great Wall is no doubt one of the most amazing achievements in human history！ 长城无疑是人类历史上最惊人的成就之一！
12. It's been a fantastic experience so far. 到目前为止，这是一次奇妙的经历。
13. I've learnt a bit of tai chi, and I really enjoy it. 我学了一点太极，我非常喜欢。
14. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. 老师们也给我们介绍了中国画。
15. It's quite different from what I've learnt in my art classes back home. 这和我在家乡艺术课上学到的很不一样。
16. I haven't had much success yet, but I'll keep trying. 我还没有取得太多成功，但我会继续尝试。
17. I've made many new friends. 我交了很多新朋友。
18. I plan to keep in touch with them when I return home. 我计划回家后和他们保持联系。
19. We'll see one another soon because they'll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. 我们很快会再见面，因为他们下个月会来英国进行交换的第二部分。
20. I can't wait！ 我等不及了！
21. Eric has been in Beijing for a week. 埃里克在北京已经待了一周了。
22. He has written an email to tell his mother about his exchange experience. 他写了一封电子邮件告诉母亲他的交换经历。
23. I have just learnt how to play Go. 我刚刚学会了如何下围棋。
24. He has also shown me the medals he won. 他还给我看了他赢得的奖牌。
25. I have done lots of fun things so far！ 到目前为止我做了很多有趣的事情！
26. I haven't tried tai chi before, so I am excited！ 我以前没试过太极，所以我很兴奋！
27. Wei hasn't been to the UK. 伟没去过英国。
28. Sarah has been in Beijing for a week. 萨拉在北京待了一周了。
29. She has stayed with her host family since 14 October. 她从10月14日起就一直住在寄宿家庭里。
30. She has already tried a lot of local food in Beijing. 她已经在北京尝试了很多当地食物。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1：现在完成时的构成
【定义】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。
【结构公式】
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.
例句：I have learnt to use chopsticks.
例句：She has stayed with her host family.
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
例句：I haven't had much success yet.
例句：Wei hasn't been to the UK.
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
例句：Have you ever been to Beijing？
例句：Has he visited the Great Wall？
【要点详解】
- have用于I/you/we/they，has用于he/she/it。
- 规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同（+ed）。
- 不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆（见教材附录）。
【练习1】Eric ______ (be) in Beijing for a week.
【答案】has been
【详解】句意：埃里克在北京已经待了一周了。主语Eric是第三人称单数，用has been。故填has been。
考点2：现在完成时与already
【定义】already表示“已经”，用于肯定句，放在have/has和过去分词之间或句末。
【用法分类】
already用于肯定句
例句：She has already tried a lot of local food.
例句：I have already finished my homework.
【要点详解】
- already用于肯定句，不用于否定句和疑问句。
- already可放在have/has和过去分词之间，也可放在句末。
【练习1】She ______ ______ tried a lot of local food.
A. have already B. has already C. already have D. already has
【答案】B
【详解】句意：她已经尝试了很多当地食物。主语She，用has already。故选B。
考点3：现在完成时与yet
【定义】yet表示“还；已经”，用于否定句和疑问句，放在句末。
【用法分类】
yet用于否定句（表示“还没有”）
例句：I haven't had much success yet.
例句：She hasn't visited the Great Wall yet.
yet用于疑问句（表示“已经”）
例句：Have you finished your homework yet？
【要点详解】
- yet用于否定句和疑问句，放在句末。
- yet和already是一对反义词：already用于肯定，yet用于否定/疑问。
【练习1】I ______ had much success ______.
A. haven't; yet B. have; already C. haven't; already D. have; yet
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我还没有取得太多成功。否定句用haven't和yet。故选A。
考点4：现在完成时与ever和never
【定义】ever表示“曾经”，用于疑问句；never表示“从不”，用于肯定句表否定。
【用法分类】
ever用于疑问句
例句：Have you ever been to Beijing？
never用于肯定句（表否定）
例句：I have never tried tai chi before.
例句：Wei has never been to the UK.
【要点详解】
- ever放在have/has和过去分词之间。
- never放在have/has和过去分词之间，表示“从不”。
【练习1】______ you ever ______ to Beijing？
A. Have; been B. Has; been C. Have; gone D. Has; gone
【答案】A
【详解】句意：你曾经去过北京吗？主语you，疑问句用Have，表示“曾经去过”用been。故选A。
考点5：现在完成时与since和for
【定义】since和for用于表示动作从过去持续到现在。
【用法对比】
since + 时间点（具体时间）
例句：She has stayed with her host family since 14 October.
例句：She has been away since last Sunday.
for + 时间段
例句：Sarah has been in Beijing for a week.
例句：We have been away from home for two months.
【要点详解】
- since后面接具体时间点（过去某一时刻）。
- for后面接一段时间（持续多久）。
- 主句动词通常用现在完成时。
【练习1】She has stayed with her host family ______ 14 October.
A. for B. since C. from D. after
【答案】B
【详解】句意：她从10月14日起就一直住在寄宿家庭里。14 October是具体时间点，用since。故选B。
考点6：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
【定义】两者都描述过去，但侧重点不同。
【用法对比】
现在完成时：强调过去对现在的影响，不强调具体时间
例句：I have been to Beijing.（去过，对现在有影响）
例句：She has lost her key.（钥匙丢了，现在进不去）
一般过去时：强调过去发生的动作，与现在无关
例句：I went to Beijing last year.（去年去过，现在可能不在）
例句：She lost her key yesterday.（昨天丢了，现在是否找到不知道）
【要点详解】
- 现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用（yesterday, last week, in 2010等）。
- 一般过去时可以与明确的过去时间状语连用。
- 现在完成时强调与现在的联系，一般过去时只描述过去事实。
【练习1】I ______ to Beijing last year.
A. have been B. went C. have gone D. was going
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我去年去了北京。last year是明确的过去时间，用一般过去时went。故选B。
06 过关检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空（现在完成时）（共8题）
1. Eric ______ (be) in Beijing for a week.
2. I ______ (learn) to use chopsticks.
3. She ______ (stay) with her host family since 14 October.
4. I ______ (not have) much success yet.
5. Wei ______ (not be) to the UK.
6. ______ you ever ______ (be) to Beijing？
7. She ______ already ______ (try) a lot of local food.
8. The teachers ______ (introduce) us to Chinese painting.
二、用since或for填空（共6题）
1. She has stayed with her host family ______ 14 October.
2. Sarah has been in Beijing ______ a week.
3. We have been away from home ______ two months.
4. He has lived in London ______ 2018.
5. I have studied English ______ five years.
6. She has been a teacher ______ ten years.
三、单项选择（共8题）
1. Eric ______ in Beijing for a week.
A. has been B. have been C. was D. is
2. I ______ to use chopsticks.
A. have learnt B. has learnt C. learnt D. learn
3. She ______ with her host family since 14 October.
A. stayed B. has stayed C. stay D. stays
4. I ______ had much success yet.
A. haven't B. has C. don't D. didn't
5. ______ you ever ______ to Beijing？
A. Have; been B. Has; been C. Have; gone D. Has; gone
6. She has stayed with her host family ______ 14 October.
A. for B. since C. from D. after
7. I ______ to Beijing last year.
A. have been B. went C. have gone D. was going
8. She has already ______ a lot of local food.
A. try B. tries C. tried D. trying
四、完成句子（共5题）
1. 我在北京已经待了一周了。
I ______ ______ in Beijing ______ a week.
2. 我从10月14日起就住在寄宿家庭里。
I ______ ______ with my host family ______ 14 October.
3. 我还没有取得太多成功。
I ______ ______ much success ______.
4. 你曾经去过北京吗？
______ you ever ______ to Beijing？
5. 我已经学了一点太极。
I ______ ______ a bit of tai chi.
五、将下列句子翻译成英文（共3题）
1. 她已经在尝试了很多当地食物。
2. 我计划回家后和他们保持联系。
3. 我等不及了！
参考答案
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. has been（主语三单）
2. have learnt（主语I）
3. has stayed（主语三单）
4. haven't had（否定句）
5. hasn't been（主语三单）
6. Have; been（疑问句）
7. has; tried（三单+already）
8. have introduced（主语复数）
二、用since或for填空
1. since（时间点）
2. for（时间段）
3. for（时间段）
4. since（时间点）
5. for（时间段）
6. for（时间段）
三、单项选择
1. A（主语三单，用has been）
2. A（主语I，用have learnt）
3. B（since提示现在完成时，has stayed）
4. A（否定句+三单，hasn't）
5. A（疑问句，Have; been）
6. B（时间点用since）
7. B（last year用一般过去时）
8. C（三单+already+过去分词）
四、完成句子
1. have been; for
2. have stayed; since
3. haven't had; yet
4. Have; been
5. have learnt
五、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. She has already tried a lot of local food.
2. I plan to keep in touch with them when I return home.
3. I can't wait！

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