资源简介

Unit 4 Inventions 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词 内容
学习目标 1. 能够正确使用不规则形容词的比较级和最高级（good-better-best, bad-worse-worst, far-farther/further-farthest/furthest）。 2. 能够正确使用(not) as ... as结构进行比较。 3. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇（wheel, central, although, attach, pull, international, path, technique, depend, doubt, personally, prediction, statement, benefit, wing, distance, petrol, avoid, anywhere, notice, type, mixture, heat, press, metal等）。 4. 能够了解历史上重要发明及其影响。
学习重点 1. 不规则形容词比较级和最高级（good-better-best, bad-worse-worst, far-farther/further-farthest/furthest）。 2. (not) as ... as结构的用法。 3. 描述发明创造及其影响的表达。 4. 标注文本（annotating）的阅读策略。
学习难点 1. far的两种比较级和最高级形式（farther/further, farthest/furthest）的区别。 2. (not) as ... as结构中形容词用原级。 3. as many/much ... as结构的用法。 4. 描述发明过程和影响的逻辑组织。
02 核心词汇预览
1. balloon n. 气球
2. wheel n. 轮；车轮
3. central adj. 在中心的
4. although conj. 虽然；尽管；即使
5. attach v. 把……固定；把……附（在……上）
6. pull v. 拉；拽；扯；拖
7. international adj. 国际的
8. path n. 小路；小径
9. technique n. 技巧；技艺
10. depend v. 需要；依靠
11. doubt n. 疑惑；疑问
12. personally adv. 就个人意见
13. prediction n. 预言；预测
14. statement n. 说明
15. benefit n. 益处；优势
16. wing n. （飞行器的）翅膀；机翼
17. distance n. 距离
18. petrol n. 汽油
19. avoid v. 避免；防止
20. anywhere adv. 在（或去）任何地方
21. notice v. 看（或听）到；注意到
22. type n. （印刷用的）活字
23. mixture n. 混合物
24. heat v. 加热；变热
25. press v. （被）压
26. metal n. 金属
27. pottery n. 陶器
28. vehicle n. 车辆
29. windmill n. 风车
30. Industrial Revolution n. 工业革命
31. movable type n. 活字印刷
32. printing press n. 印刷机
03 核心短语预览
1. steam locomotive 蒸汽机车
2. crewed spacecraft 载人航天器
3. on foot 步行
4. a number of 几个；若干
5. take place 发生；进行
6. for instance 例如；比如
7. large amounts of 大量
8. international trade 国际贸易
9. depend on 依靠；依赖
10. 3D printer 3D打印机
11. without doubt 毫无疑问
12. of all time 自古以来；有史以来
13. make fun of 取笑；拿……开玩笑
14. traffic jam 堵车；交通阻塞
15. for sure 肯定地；确实
16. in search of 寻找
17. as a result 结果
18. after the arrival of 在……出现之后
19. in wet weather 在潮湿天气
04 重点句型预览
1. When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot. 当第一批人类在10万多年前决定离开家园，寻找新的居住地和更好的食物来源时，他们是徒步出行的。
2. Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years. 在接下来的94000年里，人类继续徒步穿越地球。
3. About 6,000 years ago, a number of important changes took place. 大约6000年前，一些重要的变化发生了。
4. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. 例如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。
5. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 虽然这意味着人们可以走得更远更快，但运输大量货物仍然是一项艰巨的工作。
6. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the invention of the wheel. 然而，几百年后轮子的发明改变了一切。
7. Who first invented the wheel？ We will never know for sure. 谁最早发明了轮子？我们永远不会确切知道。
8. The inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery. 发明者们可能最初用轮子制作陶器。
9. Later, they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things. 后来，他们意识到轮子也可以用来运输人和物。
10. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. 他们很快把轮子安装到马拉的车辆上。
11. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. 农民们突然能够把他们的货物运到遥远的市场。
12. This invention increased national and international trade. 这项发明促进了国内和国际贸易。
13. The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other. 轮子改变了村庄、城镇甚至国家之间做生意的方式。
14. It wasn't perfect. 它并不完美。
15. The roads were old walking paths. 道路是古老的步行小路。
16. These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. 在潮湿天气里，这些古老的小路很快变得极难使用。
17. As a result, the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel. 结果，轮子出现之后出现了第一批石头路。
18. The Romans then invented new road-building techniques. 罗马人随后发明了新的筑路技术。
19. The new roads were very good, and we still use some of them today. 新路非常好，我们今天仍在使用其中的一些。
20. The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. 轮子不仅改变了人类移动的方式，还让我们能够建造各种奇妙的机器。
21. Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels. 风车、钟表和其他机器都使用轮子。
22. The Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel. 工业革命依赖于轮子。
23. Even in our digitalized world, we still use wheels in devices such as 3D printers. 即使在数字化的世界里，我们仍然在3D打印机等设备中使用轮子。
24. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。
25. Many inventions make people's lives better. 许多发明让人们的生活变得更好。
26. However, there are bad inventions too. 然而，也有不好的发明。
27. A magazine once picked the top ten worst inventions in human history, such as cigarettes and plastic bags. 一本杂志曾评选出人类历史上十大最差发明，如香烟和塑料袋。
28. Early computers were as big as a room. 早期的计算机和房间一样大。
29. With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. 有了电灯，人们在晚上可以做和白天一样多的事情。
30. A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb. 蜡烛产生的光不如灯泡多。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1：不规则形容词的比较级和最高级
【定义】一些形容词的比较级和最高级形式不遵循规则变化，需要单独记忆。
【不规则变化表】
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
far farther/further farthest/furthest
【用法分类】
good → better → best
例句：Many inventions make people's lives better.
例句：It is the best invention ever.
bad → worse → worst
例句：However, there are bad inventions too.
例句：A magazine once picked the top ten worst inventions.
far → farther/further → farthest/furthest
（1）farther/farthest：指实际距离。
例句：The wheel allowed people to travel farther distances.
（2）further/furthest：指程度或进度。
例句：We need to do further research.
【要点详解】
- good的比较级是better，最高级是best。
- bad的比较级是worse，最高级是worst。
- far有两种比较级形式：farther（距离）和further（程度）。
【练习1】Many inventions make people's lives ______.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
【答案】B
【详解】句意：许多发明让人们的生活变得更好。比较级better表示“更好”。故选B。
【练习2】A magazine once picked the top ten ______ inventions.
A. bad B. worse C. worst D. badly
【答案】C
【详解】句意：一本杂志曾评选出十大最差发明。最高级worst表示“最差的”。故选C。
考点2：(not) as ... as结构
【定义】(not) as ... as用于表示两个人或事物在某方面程度相同或不同。
【结构公式】
（1）as + 形容词原级 + as（表示“和……一样”）
例句：Early computers were as big as a room.
（2）not as + 形容词原级 + as（表示“不如……”）
例句：A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.
【用法分类】
（1）as + 形容词原级 + as
例句：The first computers were as big as a room.
（2）not as + 形容词原级 + as
例句：Nancy's school is not as big as Tomoya's.
（3）as many + 复数名词 + as
例句：With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.
（4）as much + 不可数名词 + as
例句：A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.
【要点详解】
as...as中间用形容词或副词的原级。
否定形式为not as...as，表示“不如……”。
as many + 可数名词复数 + as。
as much + 不可数名词 + as。
【练习1】Early computers were ______ big ______ a room.
A. as; as B. so; as C. more; than D. the; of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：早期的计算机和房间一样大。as...as表示“和……一样”。故选A。
【练习2】A candle does not produce ______ light ______ a light bulb.
A. as many; as B. as much; as C. more; than D. less; than
【答案】B
【详解】句意：蜡烛产生的光不如灯泡多。light是不可数名词，用as much...as。故选B。
考点3：比较级和最高级的综合运用
【定义】在描述发明创造时，综合运用比较级和最高级。
【用法对比】
结构 用法 例句
比较级 + than 两者比较 The wheel is more important than the paper.
the + 最高级 + 范围 三者以上 The wheel is one of the most important inventions.
(not) as + 原级 + as 程度相同/不同 The printing press is as important as the wheel.
【练习1】用所给词的适当形式填空。
（1）The wheel is one of ______ (important) inventions of all time.
（2）Early computers were as ______ (big) as a room.
（3）This invention made people's lives ______ (good).
【答案】（1）the most important （2）big （3）better
考点4：阅读策略——标注文本（Annotating a Text）
【定义】在阅读时做笔记，用标记提醒自己注意重要信息。
【标注方法】
（1）在每段旁边写关键词。
（2）标记不同类型的信息（如：圈出过渡词，下划线标出关键信息）。
【标注步骤】
步骤 操作
第1步 阅读段落，找出主旨。
第2步 用关键词总结段落大意，写在旁边。
第3步 圈出过渡词（however, for example, as a result等）。
第4步 下划线标出关键信息（日期、数字、重要观点等）。
【练习1】标注下面段落，圈出过渡词，下划线标出关键信息。
Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all changed, however, a few hundred years later with the invention of the wheel.
【答案】
圈出：Although, however
下划线：a few hundred years later, the invention of the wheel
06 重点归纳
一、不规则形容词比较级和最高级
（1）good → better → best。
（2）bad → worse → worst。
（3）far → farther/further → farthest/furthest（farther指距离，further指程度）。
二、(not) as ... as结构
（1）as + 形容词原级 + as（和……一样）。
（2）not as + 形容词原级 + as（不如……）。
（3）as many + 可数名词复数 + as。
（4）as much + 不可数名词 + as。
三、标注文本策略
（1）写关键词总结段落大意。
（2）圈出过渡词。
（3）下划线标出关键信息。
07 过关检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空（共8题）
1. Many inventions make people's lives ______ (good).
2. A magazine picked the top ten ______ (bad) inventions.
3. The wheel allowed people to travel ______ (far) distances.
4. Early computers were as ______ (big) as a room.
5. A candle does not produce as ______ (much) light as a light bulb.
6. The wheel is one of ______ (important) inventions of all time.
7. The printing press is as ______ (important) as the wheel.
8. This invention made transportation ______ (easy).
二、单项选择（共8题）
1. Many inventions make people's lives ______.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
2. A magazine once picked the top ten ______ inventions.
A. bad B. worse C. worst D. badly
3. Early computers were ______ big ______ a room.
A. as; as B. so; as C. more; than D. the; of
4. A candle does not produce ______ light ______ a light bulb.
A. as many; as B. as much; as C. more; than D. less; than
5. The wheel is one of ______ inventions of all time.
A. the most important B. more important C. important D. most important
6. The wheel allowed people to travel ______ distances.
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest
7. The new roads were ______ good.
A. much B. more C. most D. the most
8. Without ______, the wheel is one of the most important inventions.
A. doubt B. doubtful C. doubted D. doubting
三、完成句子（共6题）
1. 轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。
The wheel is one of ______ ______ important inventions ______ ______ ______.
2. 早期的计算机和房间一样大。
Early computers were ______ ______ ______ a room.
3. 蜡烛产生的光不如灯泡多。
A candle ______ ______ ______ ______ light ______ a light bulb.
4. 许多发明让人们的生活变得更好。
Many inventions make people's lives ______.
5. 轮子不仅改变了人类移动的方式，还让我们建造了各种机器。
The wheel ______ only changed the way humans move, ______ it also allowed us to build all types of machines.
6. 毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。
______ ______, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
四、将下列句子翻译成英文（共3题）
1. 大约6000年前，一些重要的变化发生了。
2. 农民们能够把货物运到遥远的市场。
3. 罗马人发明了新的筑路技术。
参考答案
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. better（比较级）
2. worst（最高级）
3. farther/further（比较级）
4. big（as...as间用原级）
5. much（as much...as，light不可数）
6. the most important（最高级）
7. important（as...as间用原级）
8. easier（比较级）
二、单项选择
1. B（比较级better）
2. C（最高级worst）
3. A（as...as）
4. B（as much...as，light不可数）
5. A（最高级）
6. B（比较级，距离）
7. A（much修饰比较级）
8. A（without doubt固定搭配）
三、完成句子
1. the most; of all time
2. as big as
3. does not produce as much; as
4. better
5. not; but
6. Without doubt
四、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. About 6,000 years ago, a number of important changes took place.
2. Farmers were able to transport their goods to markets far away.
3. The Romans invented new road-building techniques.

展开更多......

收起↑