【弯道超车】Unit 4 Smart home 核心语法之which和that引导的定语从句-2026-2027学年沪教版(五四学制)(新教材)七年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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【弯道超车】Unit 4 Smart home 核心语法之which和that引导的定语从句-2026-2027学年沪教版(五四学制)(新教材)七年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026-2027学年沪教版(五四学制)七年级英语上册核心语法精讲精练
(新教材)Unit 4 Smart home
核心语法:that和which引导的定语从句
一、核心概念
定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,相当于一个“形容词”,起修饰限定作用。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
that 和 which 都可以引导修饰物的定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语。
核心功能: 用一个句子来修饰“物”,使表达更精确。
基本结构: 先行词(物)+ that/which + 定语从句
示例:
The book that is on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。)
The book which I bought is interesting.(我买的那本书很有趣。)
二、that 和 which 的基本用法
1. that 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语
作主语(不能省略):
The book that is on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。)
The car that is parked outside is my father's.(停在外面的那辆车是我父亲的。)
This is the house that was built in 1990.(这是1990年建的那座房子。)
作宾语(可以省略):
The book (that) I bought is interesting.(我买的那本书很有趣。)
The movie (that) we saw last night was boring.(我们昨晚看的那部电影很无聊。)
This is the house (that) my father built.(这是我父亲建的房子。)
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语
作主语(不能省略):
The book which is on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。)
The car which is parked outside is my father's.(停在外面的那辆车是我父亲的。)
作宾语(可以省略):
The book (which) I bought is interesting.(我买的那本书很有趣。)
The movie (which) we saw was boring.(我们看的那部电影很无聊。)
三、that 和 which 的对比
对比项 that which
指代 人 / 物 物
用法 更通用,尤其限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句及介词后
例句 The book that I bought is good. The book which I bought is good.
相同点:都可以指物
都可以在从句中作主语或宾语
作宾语时都可以省略
不同点:that 可以指人也可以指物;which 只能指物
非限制性定语从句中只能用 which,不能用 that
介词后只能用 which,不能用 that
四、只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况(中考常考!)
1. 先行词被序数词修饰时
This is the first book that I have read.(这是我读的第一本书。)
It is the second film that I have seen this month.(这是我本月看的第二部电影。)
2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。)
She is the best teacher that I have ever met.(她是我见过的最好的老师。)
3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same 修饰时
He is the only person that can help us.(他是唯一能帮我们的人。)
This is the very book that I want.(这正是我想要的那本书。)
4. 先行词是不定代词时(all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, little, much 等)
All that you said is true.(你说的一切都是真的。)
There is nothing that I can do for you.(我没什么能为你做的。)
I'll tell you everything that I know.(我会告诉你我知道的一切。)
5. 先行词既有人又有物时
They talked about the people and things that they remembered.(他们谈论着他们记得的人和事。)
6. 主句以 who 或 which 开头时(避免重复)
Who is the man that is standing there (站在那里的那个人是谁?)
Which is the book that you like best (哪一本是你最喜欢的书?)
五、只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况
1. 非限制性定语从句中(有逗号隔开)
I bought a book, which is very interesting.(我买了一本书,它很有趣。)
The house, which was built in 1990, is very old.(那座房子建于1990年,很老了。)
He has three cars, which are all expensive.(他有三辆车,都很贵。)
注意: 非限制性定语从句中不能用 that。
2. 介词前置时(介词 + which)
This is the house in which I lived.(这就是我住过的房子。)
This is the book about which we talked.(这就是我们谈论的那本书。)
The money with which he bought the car was borrowed.(他买车的钱是借的。)
六、that 和 which 作宾语时的省略
当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
The book (that) I bought is interesting.(that 可省略)
The book (which) I bought is interesting.(which 可省略)
The movie (that/which) we saw was boring.(that/which 可省略)
判断方法: 关系词后面紧跟的如果是主语(I, we, he, she, it, they...),则关系词作宾语,可以省略。
七、易错点与难点突破
1. 先行词是物,误用 who
The book who I bought is interesting.
The book that/which I bought is interesting.
2. 只能用 that 的情况下误用 which
This is the first book which I read.
This is the first book that I read.
3. 非限制性定语从句中误用 that
I bought a book, that is very interesting.
I bought a book, which is very interesting.
4. 介词后误用 that
This is the house in that I lived.
This is the house in which I lived.
5. 作宾语的关系词省略判断错误
The book (that/which) I bought is good.(可以省略)
The book is on the desk is mine.(缺少关系词)
The book that/which is on the desk is mine.(作主语不能省略)
八、思维导图总结
九、记忆口诀
that/which 定语从句口诀:
that/which 指物作主宾,先行词是物要记清;
只能用 that 的情况多,序数最高唯一词;
不定代词既人又物,主句 who/which 开头。
非限制性从句用 which,介词后也要用 which。
1.The railway is a new record ________ has changed people’s lives in Xizang.
A.what B.who C.that D.where
2.This is the most interesting book _______ I have ever read.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
3.We all look up to the scientist ________ devoted his whole life to medical research, and his spirit ________ we learned from is very valuable.
A.whom; which B.which; who C.who; that
4.—Must we finish the work today
—Yes, I’m afraid so. It’s our duty to finish the work ________ our group leader asks us to do.
A.what B.that C.who D.where
5.World of Plainness (《平凡的世界》) is a great novel _________ always cheers me up when I’m down.
A.that B.why C.who D.what
6.Is this the factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Monday
A.one B.where C.in that D.that
7.—What do you think of the TV programme called Readers
—Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched.
A.when B.that C.what D.who
8.I don’t know the man near the door ________ is talking with Professor Wang.
A.that B.when C.where D.which
9.Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.
A.who B.what C.that D.whom
10.Tom did all _________ he could to get on well _________ his classmates.
A.which; with B.that; / C.that; with D./; /
11.Do you like music makes you relaxed
A.it B.what C.who D.that
12.I don’t know the man _______ is looking after the old woman.
A.that B.what C.which D./
13.The idea ____ they came up with was very good.
A.then B.it C./ D.what
14.Music style is a way ________ music was created or played.
A.which B.in which C.of which D.what
15.This is the tree ________ gives us shade.
A.who B.which C.whose D.whom
16.The book ________ I borrowed from the library is about a girl’s identity problem.
A.which B.who C.what D.where
17.This is the new machine ________ uses electricity to clean the floor.
A.who B.what C.which D.where
18.The song ________ not only has a beautiful melody but also ________ meaningful lyrics is my favourite.
A.who; have B.which; has C.that; have D.whose; has
19.The robot can help us sweep the floor, ________ makes housework easier.
A.who B.which C.that D.it
20.—Do you like National Treasure, the weekly TV show on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great culture TV show ________ has been very popular in China.
A.who B.whom C.which D.what
21.The boy wishes to have a magic pen ________ can help him finish his homework quickly.
A.who B.what C.which D.whose
22.—Is Shanghai the place ___________ you visited with your parents last year
—Yes, and it’s larger than ___________ city in China.
A.which;any other B.where;any other C.that;the other
23. — Did the police ask the guard what happened
— Yes, the guard told the police all _________ he knew.
A.which B.that C.what
24. The dog _______ played with you just now is _______.
A.which; mine B.which; my
C.what; mine D.what; my
25.Beijing, __________ is the capital of China, is a city with a long history.
A.that B.where C.when D.which
26.The first challenge was the variety of accents, ________ made it difficult for us to understand each other.
A.what B.that C.which D.this
27. I bought a room yesterday, ____ used to belong to Tom's uncle.
A.it B.that C.which D.when
28. He showed me the photos ____ he took at his graduation ceremony.
A.that B.who C.what
29. The painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork ____ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty.
A.which B.who C.what
30. This is the best film ____ I have ever seen.
A.which B.that C.who D.whom
31. —Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ____ people like.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
32.I really like the photo of my family ____ my sister took in the city park last year.
A.which B.who C.what D.whom
33. It's said the result we are interested in ____ as soon as possible.
A.announcing B.being announced
C.will be announced D.will announce
34. I haven't found the book ____ I lost 3 days ago yet.
A.who B.that C.what D.where
35.Chengdu becomes the third city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airpot.
A.that B.which C.where
36. I love movies ____ me something to think about.
A.which gives B.that give C.who gives
37. This is the first birthday gift____I received. I've kept it many years.
A.which B.that C.who
38.The joke ________ he played on his friend was ________ funny that it made everyone laugh.
A.who; such B.that; such C./; so D.which; too
39. Paris, the capital of France, is the city ____ will hold the 33rd Olympic Games in 2024.
A.where B.which C.who
40. John's sister bought him a mobile phone ____ cost her 2, 000 yuan.
A.it B.which C.who D.this
41. —What kind of books do you prefer
—I prefer the ones ____ me something to think about.
A.that gives B.which give C.what give
42.China is getting better at making the most popular high-tech products ____ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A.who B.which C.what D.that
43. I was looking for the book ____ I borrowed yesterday.
A.who B.which C.what
44. The story____ my grand father told me about Qian Xuesen is touching.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
45. —I'll never forget the experiences ____ we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A.when B.who C.that
46.I want to do small things ________ can be helpful to mum.
A.what B.who C.which
47. The restaurant ____ we went last night had great food. The one ____ we visited last week was terrible.
A.which; where
B.where; /
C.where; that
D.where; which
E.None of the above
48.I lost all the money ____my father had given me.
A.that B.which C.whose
49.I like music ________ I can dance to.
A.where B.that C.what
50.—Yang Jie, director of Journey to the West, passed away on April 15th at the age of 88.
—She created the most watched TV play____has been re—aired more than 3,000 times since 1986.
A.what B.who C.that D./
参考答案及试题解析
1.C
【解析】句意:这条铁路是一个新的记录,它改变了西藏人们的生活。
what什么,不能引导定语从句;who谁,指人;that那,可指物作主语;where哪里,作状语。先行词是“a new record”指物,且在从句中作主语,应填that。
2.C
【解析】句意:这是我读过的最有趣的书。
考查定语从句关系词。which哪一个/物;who谁;that那个;what什么。先行词“book”被最高级“the most interesting”修饰时,定语从句关系词通常用“that”而不用“which”。故选C。
3.C
【解析】句意:我们都很敬佩那位毕生致力于医学研究的科学家,而我们从他身上学到的精神是非常宝贵的。
考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who指代人,在从句中作主语;whom指代人,在从句中作宾语;which指代物;that既可指代人也可指代物。根据“the scientist”以及“his spirit”可知,第一个空,先行词是the scientist,指人,且在从句中作主语,用who;第二个空,先行词是his spirit,指物,在从句中作宾语,可用that。故选C。
4.B
【解析】句意:—— 我们必须今天完成这项工作吗? —— 是的,恐怕是这样。完成我们组长要求我们做的工作是我们的职责。
考查定语从句。what什么;that引导定语从句,指人或物;who谁;where哪里。根据“our group leader asks us to do”可知,此处指我们组长要求我们做的工作,“our group leader asks us to do”是定语从句,先行词是“the work”,指物,关系词用that。故选B。
5.A
【解析】句意:《平凡的世界》是一本很棒的小说,它总是在我沮丧的时候让我振作起来。
考查定语从句的关系词。本句是定语从句,空处在句中作主语,且先行词是a great novel,指物,所以关系词用that/which,结合选项,故选A。
6.D
【解析】句意:这是一些外国朋友上周一参观的工厂吗
考查定语从句的引导词。one一个;where关系副词,在定语从句中做地点状语;in that因为,引导状语从句;that关系代词,指代人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知本句包含一个定语从句,先行词“the factory”是物,在定语从句中作宾语,可以用that或which来引导定语从句,也可以省略引导词。故选D。
7.B
【解析】句意:——你认为电视节目《朗读者》怎么样?——太棒了!这是我看过的最好的节目。
考查定语从句。when关系副词,作时间状语;that关系代词,先行词可以是人或物;what什么;who关系代词,先行词是人。此处定语从句先行词“programme”指物且被形容词最高级修饰,只可用关系代词that。故选B。
8.A
【解析】句意:我不认识门边和王教授谈话的那个人。
考查关系代词。that关系代词,既可以指人又可以指物,在定语从句中做主语、表语或宾语,作宾语时可省略;when关系副词;where关系副词;which关系代词,指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构,本句中的“is talking with Professor Wang”在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词the man(near the door作定语)为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that/who,故选A。
9.C
【解析】句意:失明是大多数人无法想象的。
考查定语从句。此句是一个定语从句,先行词something是不定代词,关系词应用that,故选C。
10.C
【解析】句意:玛丽做了所有能做的事情来和她的同学搞好关系。
考查定语从句。which/that先行词指物或事情,关系词在定语从句中主语或宾语,all 是先行词是不定代词,如:all ,few, little, much,等,只用that不用which。get on well with sb和某人相处的好。故选C。
11.D
【解析】句意:你喜欢让你放松的音乐吗?
考查定语从句,A.it它;B. what什么;C. who谁;D. that那个;修饰名词音乐是一个定语从句,在定语从句中先行词是物的可用that或which关系词,故选D。
12.A
【解析】句意:我不认识正在照顾老太太的那个人。先行词是人时,引导词可以是who或that,先行词是物时引导词是which或that,what不引导定语从句;根据先行词the man可知选A。
13.C
【解析】考查的是定语从句。句意:他们想出的主意非常好。先行词为The idea,从句中they came up with后缺少宾语,所以应用关系代词which/that,作宾语时关系词可省略,故选C。
14.B
【解析】句意:音乐风格是音乐被创作或演奏的方式。
先行词是“way”,表示“方式” 时,在从句中作方式状语,介词搭配用in,介词提前到关系代词which前,因此用in which。
15.B
【解析】句意:这就是那棵给我们提供树阴。
who谁;which哪一个;whose谁的;whom谁。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词tree,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,因此用关系代词which引导。
16.A
【解析】句意:我从图书馆借的那本书是关于一个女孩的身份认同问题的。
which哪一个(指物);who谁(指人);what什么;where哪里。先行词是The book,指物,且在从句中作 borrowed的宾语,应用which引导定语从句。
17.C
【解析】句意:这是那台用电来清洁地板的新机器。
who谁;what什么;which哪一个/那个;where哪里。根据“This is the new machine”可知先行词是machine,指物,且在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句。
18.B
【解析】句意:不仅有美丽旋律又有很有意义的歌词的这首歌是我的最爱。
考查定语从句引导词和主谓一致原则。who定语从句中先行词是人的时候使用的引导词;which定语从句中先行词是事物的时候使用的引导词;that定语从句中先行词是人或事物的时候使用的引导词;whose定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词。根据“The song ... not only has a beautiful melody but also ... meaningful lyrics is my favourite.”可知,先行词是事物类,定语从句引导词用that或which;因为本句话为一般现在时态,且主语为单数第三人称,第二个空用动词的单数第三人称形式has。故选B。
19.B
【解析】句意:机器人能帮我们扫地,这让家务活更轻松。
考查关系代词辨析。who指人;which指物或整个句子;that指人或物(不用于非限制性定语从句);it代词(不引导从句)。根据“makes housework easier”可知,此处指代前面整句话“机器人能帮我们扫地”,需用which引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。
20.C
【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台的每周电视节目《国家宝藏》吗 ——当然。这是一个很好的文化节目,在中国很受欢迎。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词TV show是指物,在从句中作主语,用关系词which或that,故选C。
21.C
【解析】句意:这个男孩希望有一支能帮助他快速完成家庭作业的魔法笔。
考查定语从句关系词的用法。who引导定语从句先行词指人,在定语从句中作主语;what什么,不能引导定语从句;which引导定语从句先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whose引导定语从句先行词指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。先行词“a magic pen”是物,且关系词在定语从句“...can help him finish his homework quickly”中作主语,所以用which引导。故选C。
22.A
【解析】句意:——上海时你去年和你的父母一起参观的地方吗?——是的,而且它比中国的任何其他城市都大。any other其他任何一个;the other其他所有的,第一空修饰先行词place的定语从句,谓语visit后缺少宾语,故用关系代词which。因为上海是中国的一个城市,因此它应与中国其他的任何一个城市比较,故选A。
23.B
【解析】试题分析:句意:---那位警察问那个门卫发生了什么事情了吗?---是的,门卫告诉了警察他所知道的一切。A哪一个;B没有实际含义;C什么;all是先行词时,后面的定语从句用that引导,根据句意,故选B。
考点:考查定语从句。
24.A
【解析】句意:刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。
Which哪一个;what什么;mine名词性物主代词,我的;my形容词性物主代词,我的。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。先行词dog在定语从句中作主语可用关系代词which代替。所以选A。
25.D
【解析】句意:北京,是中国的首都,是一个有着悠久历史的城市。
考查定语从句。that关系代词,指物/人,在从句中作主语或宾语,不能引导非限制性定语从句;where关系副词,指地点,在从句中作状语;when关系副词,指时间,在从句中作状语;which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。句子是非限制性定语从句,先行词在从句中作主语,此处应用which引导定语从句,故选D。
26.C
【解析】句意:第一个挑战是各种各样的口音,这让我们很难理解对方。
考查定语从句的引导词。what什么;that那个;which哪一个;this这个。分析句子可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,因此引导词用which,指代“the variety of accents”,在定语从句中充当主语。故选C。
27.C
【解析】句意:我昨天买了一套房子,它过去是汤姆叔叔的。it它;that那个;which哪一个;when何时。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为a room,指物,且在非限制性定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意: 准确判断先行词,先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词,明确先行词有助于确定关系词。其次,分析先行词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分,如果先行词在从句中作主语,通常用关系代词that、which(指物)或who(指人)等;若先行词在从句中作宾语,可用that、which(指物)、who/whom(指人),也可省略关系词(尤其是在口语或非正式用法中);若先行词在从句中作定语,要用whose。再次,考虑特殊情况,如当先行词是all、much、little、few、none、something、anything、everything等不定代词,或者被the only、the very、the same、the last修饰时,通常只用that;当先行词既有人又有物时,也用that;当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句用that。最后,检查句子结构和逻辑关系,确保所选关系词能使整个句子通顺且符合语法规范。
28.A
【解析】句意:他给我展示了在毕业典礼上拍的照片。A.that,关系代词,无实意;B.who,关系代词,谁;C.what,什么;分析句子结构可知,"he took at his graduation ceremony"是定语从句,修饰先行词photos,photos是物,在定语从句中作谓语took的宾语,因此用代人代物均可的that引导,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。掌握定语从句的结构特点,能选择正确的引导词。
29.A
【解析】句意:《清明上河图》是一幅令人惊叹的艺术品,展示了北宋时期汴京繁忙街道的生动景象 。which引导定语从句,指物,常作主语或宾语;who引导定语从句,指人,常作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句。根据" The painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival is an
amazing artwork ____ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern
Song Dynasty. "可知," ____ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the
Northern Song Dynasty."为定语从句,修饰先行词artwork,指物,且从句缺少主语,应用which引导定语从句。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意:在解答定语从句的题目中,首先要找出或理解句子中的定语从句,并识别其关系词。在句子中找到被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,这个名词或代词就是先行词。先行词决定了关系词的选择。确定关系词的位置,关系词通常紧跟在先行词之后,引导定语从句。判断关系词的作用,关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分(主语、宾语、定语或状语)。根据先行词是人还是物来选择关系代词或考虑使用关系副词。如果先行词被特定的词(如序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词等)修饰,或者句子需要强调特定意义,通常使用that作为关系词。
30.B
【解析】句意:这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。A.which哪一个;B.that那个;C.who谁;D.whom谁。根据句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词"film"是物,且先行词被最高级"the best"修饰,因此定语从句的关系代词只能用that。故答案为:B。
【点评】考查定语从句关系代词的用。注意当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及only、very、just等词修饰时,关系代词通常只能用that,而不能用which 。
31.A
【解析】句意:——如今,微信在朋友中很受欢迎。——对。这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的沟通方式。定语从句先行词指的是人,做主语,关系词用who,作宾语,关系词用whom;先行词指的是物,关系词用which/that。先行词是way,指的是物,先行词有最高级best修饰,所以关系词只能用that,不能用which,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先识记关系词区别,然后根据先行词way和best确定答案,理解句意。
32.A
【解析】句意:我非常喜欢我家的照片,那是我姐姐去年在城市公园里拍的。A:哪个(指代事物);B:谁(指代人,作主语/宾语);C:什么(不用于定语从句); D:谁(指代人,作宾语)。根据先行词 the photo of my family 家庭照,可知指代事物,在从句中作宾语,可知关系词应用which。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词。注意熟记关系代词which,用于指代事物,在定语从句中作主语,宾语。
33.C
【解析】句意:据说你感兴趣的结果会尽快的被公布。A动名词,B动名词被动形式,C一般将来时被动语态,D一般将来时,result是先行词,在定语从句中作介词in的宾语,关系代词被省略。此处缺少从句的谓语动词,根据as soon as possible,可知描述将来用一般将来时,和主语result是被动关系。所以用一般将来时被动语态,故选C。
【点评】考查时态,语态,注意识记一般将来时被动语态的用法。
34.B
【解析】句意:我还没有找到三天前丢失的书。分析句子结构可知本句是定语从句。根据原句the book是名词,指物,做先行词。从句缺少宾语。可知用关系代词that。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。由句子中关键词可判断复合句类型,根据复合句种类选择相应的连词。
35.A
【解析】句意:由于成都天府国际机场的开放,成都成为中国第三个拥有两个机场的城市。本句是定语从句,先行词city被序数词the third修饰,且在从句中作主语,因此只能有that引导定语从句。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意定语从句中,先行词在从句中做主语,被序数词修饰,只能用that引导。
36.B
【解析】句意:我喜欢那些能让我思考的电影。分析句子结构可知此处为限制性定语从句,movies是先行词,指物,且从句没有主语,可知用关系代词whic/that;who指人。此处先行词movies是复数,从句谓语动词由先行词决定。故从句动词用原形。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。分解句子结构确定是什么从句。牢记定语从句谓语动词由先行词决定。
37.B
【解析】句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我保存了很多年了。A.which关系代词,作主语和宾语,指物;B.that关系代词,作主语或宾语,指人或物;C.what,不用于定语从句中。根据句子语境"This is the first birthday gift...I received"可知,句子为定语从句,"gift"为先行词,先行词属于物时,关系代词用that或which,但是当先行词被序数词修饰时,只用that不用which。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句的连接词。注意识记定语从句中关系代词的使用原则。
38.C
【解析】句意:他跟朋友开的玩笑太有趣了,大家都笑了。such"如此",修饰名词;so"如此",修饰形容词或副词;too"太",修饰形容词或副词。根据 he played on his friend 是限制性定语从句,先行词是物,关系词在从句中作宾语,用that/which引导定语从句,也可省略关系词; funny that it made everyone laugh是" adj. that...,意为"如此……以至于",引导结果状语从句,因此应用副词so,构成"so....that ..."句式,故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句和副词,本题涉及关系代词which/that引导的限制性定语从句以及so...that...引导的结果状语从句。
39.B
【解析】句意:法国的首都巴黎将于2024年举办第33届奥运会。分析句子结构和语境可知,空后为定语从句,本句先行词是物(city),引导词在从句中作主语,可用which引导定语从句。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意从句子结构和意义两个层面正确判断出定语从句,再结合定语从句关系的用法选择符合语境和语法原则的正确的关系词。
40.B
【解析】句意:约翰的姐姐给他买了一部手机,花了2000元。句子是定语从句,it和this不是关系词,先行词phone指的是物,所以关系词用which,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先根据先行词phone确定关系词,然后理解句意。
41.B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢看什么类型的书?——我更喜欢那些能给我一些思考的书。I prefer the ones ____ me可知本句含有定语从句,此处是代词ones做先行词,指代上面的复数书。可知先行词指物。从句缺少连词,且缺少主语。可知关系代词which.that。先行词是复数,从句位谓语动词用原形。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。仔细阅读题干判断是定语从句,确定连词及从句动词形式。
42.D
【解析】句意:中国越来越擅长制造世界各地都能买到的最受欢迎的高科技产品。定语从句中先行词是物,关系词用that/which,先行词有最高级修饰时关系词用that;先行词是人,关系词用who;定语从句中关系词没有what。先行词products指的是物,并且有最高级the most popular修饰,所以用that,故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先理解关系词用法,然后根据先行词确定关系词,最后识记定语从句中先行词是物,并且有最高级修饰时关系词用that。
43.B
【解析】句意:我正在找我昨天借的那本书。在这个句子中,"____ I borrowed yesterday"是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词"the book"。在定语从句中,我们需要选择一个关系代词来引导从句并代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。A选项"who"是一个关系代词,通常用于指代人。但在这个句子中,先行词是"the book",是一个物,所以"who"不合适。B选项"which"是一个关系代词,可以用于指代物,并在从句中作宾语。在这个句子中,"which"指代"the book"并在从句中作"borrowed"的宾语,所以"which"是正确的选择。C选项"what"通常用于引导名词性从句,而不是定语从句。在这个句子中,我们需要的是一个关系代词来引导定语从句,因此"what"不合适。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意判断定语从句引导词的方法。
44.D
【解析】句意:我祖父告诉我的关于钱学森的故事很感人。who指代人,在句中作主语; whom指代人,在句中作宾语; whose表示所属关系,在句中作定语; which指代事物,在句中作主语或宾语。根据先行词是story"故事",指代事物,且从句中缺少宾语,可知关系词用which。故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句关系代词。注意熟记关系词which指代事物,在从句中作主语/宾语。
45.C
【解析】句意:——我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。—我也是。那三天很有意义,很有趣。A何时,指代时间,B谁,指代人,C指代物,experiences是先行词,指代物用that引导定语从句,故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记that指代物的用法。
46.C
【解析】句意:我想做一些对妈妈有帮助的小事。A.what什么;B.who谁;C.which哪一个。句子是定语从句,what不能当定语从句的关系词。先行词"things"指"物",关系词用which。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句的关系代词。注意识记定语从句中关系代词的选择方法。
47.B,C,D
【解析】句意:我们昨晚去的那家餐馆的食物很好吃。我们上周参观的那个地方很糟糕。由 we went last night 可知限制性定语从句,先行词restaurant,地点名词,在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where;根据 we visited last week 可知是限制性定语从句,先行词the one,指代the restaurant,指物,在从句中作及物动词visit的宾语,用关系代词that/which,也可以省略关系代词,故选BCD。
【点评】考查定语从句的连接词。根据先行词在从句中所做的成分,确定正确的连接词。
48.A
【解析】句意:我把父亲给我的钱全丢了。空处引导定语从句,先行词money,指物,且先行词有all修饰,需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意熟记只能使用that不能使用which引导宾语从句的情况。
49.B
【解析】句意:我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。where用于定语从句,指代地点;that用于定语从句,指代人/事物;what不用于定语从句。根据I can dance to.用于修饰名词music,可知该句是定语从句,先行词music指物,关系代词用that引导。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意熟记关系代词that用于定语从句指代事物的用法。
50.C
【解析】句意:——《西游记》的导演名字是"杨杰", 4月15日逝世,享年88岁。——她创造了自1986年以来被重播了3000多次的最受欢迎的电视剧。结合语句She created the most watched TV play____has been re—aired more than 3,000 times since 1986.可知,此句是带有定语从句的复合句。先行词是the most watched TV play,关系词要用that,故答案为C。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词的用法。
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