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目录 内容
语法精选：非谓语动词 考点一、非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
考点二、非谓语动词作定语
考点三、非谓语动词作补语
考点四、非谓语动词作状语
题型综合练 语法填空
阅读理解应用文
高考核心词汇积累 B字母高考核心词汇
非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 to do to be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 to be doing / 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
一、动名词和不定式作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：
表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)
注意：
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：
To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.
②常用动名词作主语的句型：
It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose， plan; agree，ask/beg，help。
此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：
避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，
逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。
avoid, miss, delay, suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy, escape, risk, pardon, stand, keep, mind
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。
3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
②stop to do 停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
go on to do 继续(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret doing sth. 对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try to do 努力、企图做
try doing 试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean to do (人)打算，有意要……
mean doing (物)意味着
⑥can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语
作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing)
■ 不定式作表语
①Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。
②The most important thing is to put theory into practice.最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。
③Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。
总结：
不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；表示目的，如③。因此，在表示＂目的，愿望，梦想，需求＂等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.
■ 动名词作表语
①My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.)
②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
总结： 动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示＂身份，职业＂等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成：
To see is to believe.
试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语;
表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式.
Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子.
Our task now is to develop our economy.我们的任务是发展经济。
■ 分词作表语
首先做一些练习
①The situation is____(encourage).
②The door remained____(lock)when he came again.
【答案】①encouraging ②locked
总结： surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage， inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被动关系，用-done这种形式，表示主语的状态。
The news astonished us.
这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子： The news was astonishing.
We were astonished(by the news)
【小试牛刀】
1．The best way to do business is (build) the trust between you and your client. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．It is no use (complain) about the bad weather, so we had better figure out a good idea to get there on time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3． (wear) rings in the nose might not be accepted by some cultures. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4． (equip) with strong communication skills is essential for a successful career in sales. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．I objected to (hire) the man because he lacked abundant experience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
不定式作定语；
-ing分词作定语；
-ed分词作定语。
1．不定式作定语
① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.
We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)
③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)
Have you got anything to say at the meeting ( you... say ... anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较：
There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)
There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)
2．-ing分词作定语
① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。
a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )
a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )
the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。
Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher
Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday
The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.
比较：
【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday.
【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday.
3．-ed分词作定语
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。
a developed/developing country
He is a student loved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.
【小试牛刀】
1．Routine activities like cleaning the room are good ways (keep) people active on a regular basis. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．I would be grateful if you could offer me the opportunity (be) a volunteer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．A robot pet is a wonderful pet, (program) to learn new tasks and meet our various needs. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．There was a problem with the (park) place for bikes in our school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．All the trees (surround) our classrooms date back to fifty years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．I’m talking about the girl (dress) in a red skirt as a princess. (所给词的适当形式填空)
1. 带to的不定式（ to do ） 作宾补的动词 常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。
The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：
一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have
四看：see, watch, notice, observe
半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth.
表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
3. V-ing形式作宾补
V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。
I hear someone knocking at the door.
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.
4. V-ed形式作宾补
着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。
He saw the thief caught by the police.
I’m going to have my hair cut.
【小试牛刀】
1．I cannot expect you (believe) me any more than the fishermen did. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．Netizens were reminded not (share) personal passwords online during the cybersecurity workshop. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．Lost in thought, I found myself (walk) in the wrong direction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Remember to have the electric car (charge) at night so that we can use it for the long journey tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．I was very upset to find my application (reject) by the company that I am fond of.（所给词的适当形式填空）
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.
为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。
We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)作原因状语
①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，
disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。
We’re proud to be young people of China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
②在＂主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do＂结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容
词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。
The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.
擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library.
我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。
(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
【小试牛刀】
1． (consider) a good teacher, he enjoys great respect from his students. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．They danced wildly down the street, (abandon) themselves to the night and the moon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3． (complete) all the preparations for a week, the research team was ready to start the experiment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4． (devote) yourself to your study, you will surely have a good academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5． (avoid) being infected with the virus, you had better wear masks when going out. (所给词的适当形式填空)
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Applicants need to send a video (contain) their best performance.
2． (see) from the top of the hill, the city appears more splendid.
3．The desire (explore) the universe never died.
4．He was selected (attend) pilot training.
5．You would have to wait a long time to get (pay).
6．Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and (empathy) with them.
7． (acquire) the advanced technology, the engineers make full use of every chance available.
8．I’m writing with the of recommending some interesting books for children to you. (intend)
9．The last person (reach) the finishing line will also be awarded the prize.
10．Looking out over the sea, she saw a strange object (float) in the water.
11．You are lucky enough to escape (kill) in the accident.
12．Aid should be given to developing countries with no strings (attach).
13．Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people (trap) inside.
14．Alexander tried to get his work (recognise) in the medical circles.
15．Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as (expect).
一、语法填空
Luoyang is an ancient city in central China’s Henan Province with a long history. It 1 (link) closely to the peony (牡丹) for over a thousand years. This deep-rooted connection has made it a renowned center for this beautiful flower. Among many places 2 (admire) this beloved flower, the National Peony Garden stands out as the hottest destination. As the only flower garden in China given official national status, it serves as a vital gene bank for peonies, preserving their rich diversity.
3 (divide) into northern and southern sections, the garden is home 4 hundreds of thousands of peony plants. These include both native Chinese 5 (variety) and rare imports from Japan, the United States, and France. Renowned for their beautiful petals, striking colors, and fascinating smell, the peonies here offer a truly 6 (impress) sight. In an ongoing effort to innovate, the garden grafted (嫁接) 300 mature peony plants last year, 7 (create) breathtaking “mosaic peonies” with multi-colored blooms to further enrich the visual experience.
Beyond the flower displays, the garden offers 8 harmonious mixture of natural beauty and cultural heritage. 9 (skilful) carved stone galleries relate the history and symbolism of the peony, 10 deepens the cultural significance of the site. More than just a botanical haven, the National Peony Garden is a living testament to the enduring legacy of Luoyang’s flower heritage.
二、阅读理解
Four Interesting Festivals in 2026
The following events happening in 2026 will make you want to pack your bags and join the fun.
Holi Festival
Holi turns cities into a sea of rainbow colors. People throw handfuls of colored powder at friends, family, and total strangers, while music, dancing, and laughter fill the streets. The festival celebrates the arrival of spring and the success. It happens on March 3, 2026. Wear white clothes if you don’t mind getting dirty, and prepare to be covered head-to-toe in every color imaginable.
Wife-Carrying World Championship
Competitors race through a difficult course while carrying their wife. The course includes water hazards (障碍), and sand traps that test strength, speed, and teamwork. Winners receive their wife’s weight in beer. It happens on July 3 and 4, 2026. Despite the traditional name, any couple can compete, and the event attracts teams from around the world eager to prove their carrying skills and sense of humor.
Monkey Buffet Festival
Tables piled high with fruit, vegetables, and snacks are laid out for Lopburi’s famous monkeys in a yearly feast that is both generous and makes for great photos. Hundreds of monkeys rush to the spread, creating a wild feeding competition that delights photographers and tourists. Typically held in late November, the 2026 event doesn’t have fixed dates yet.
Night of the Radishes (萝卜)
Artists in Oaxaca spend hours carving oversized radishes into well-designed historical figures, and imaginary creatures, knowing their creations will dry out within a day. The time pressure makes the festival feel magical and short-lived, which is a special experience. It happens on December 23, 2026. It’s held yearly on the same date. Arrive early for the best views, because the detailed carvings are amazing but only last for a short time.
11．Which event requires both physical effort and teamwork
A．Holi Festival.
B．Night of the Radishes.
C．Monkey Buffet Festival.
D．Wife-Carrying World Championship.
12．What can be inferred about the Monkey Buffet Festival
A．It follows a fixed schedule.
B．Monkeys eat politely together.
C．Its 2026 date remains uncertain.
D．Tourists feed monkeys personally.
13．What makes the Night of the Radishes special
A．Artists use special tools.
B．The art disappears quickly.
C．It happens before Christmas.
D．Carvings are sold for money.
高考高频词汇精选背诵（B字母）
barrier boycott barren bachelor
breeze brake bleed baggage
bald breed badge bandage
botanist bribe bare bounce
batch brigade bargain barber
bewilder brief browse basis
blink brilliant bullet brand
boast budget bunch blunt
bilingual bump bulletin brochure
boom bully bless bias
高考核心词汇练习
With the development of West China, many technicians are ___ needed there in recent years.
A. approximately B. barely C. badly D. hardly
In order to save every cent of the limited family’s expense, she had to ________ with the shop owner. A. calculate B. balance C. bargain D. argue
Poor health and lack of money may both be ________ to educational progress.
A. bars B. bans C. bachelors D. barriers
It is obvious that there is no scientific ________ for the belief that there is a connection between luck and numbers.
A. battery B. basement C. basis D. burden
I am writing _________ my mother to express her thanks for your timely help and kindness.
A. on behalf of B. on account of C. in honor of D. on the basis of
The virtue of a man ought to be measured by his everyday ___________.
A. behalf B. behaviour C. beverage D.boundary
Cycling is highly ________ to people ’ s health and the environment.
A. basic B. beneficial C. brighten D. brief
A clean environment can help the city _______ for the Olympics, which in turn will promote its economic development.
A. bleed B. bless C. bid D. boast
Peter’s sudden death was a great________ to Mary and it took her quite a while to get over the grief.
A. budget B. blame C. block D. blow
He telephoned the travel agency to ___________ three air tickets to London.
A.boom B. bribe C. brand D. book
She started at the _______ and worked her way up to become manager of the company.
A. breed B. basin C. branch D. bottom
I’m very sorry to have________ you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A. bothered B. bumped C. browsed D. begged
At that time, my mind was completely ________; I couldn't think of a single answer.
A. blank B. brilliant C. blunt D. bald
The old man is used to sleeping without a pillow in order to keep his back from ________.
A. bowing B. bending C. braking D. bouncing
After a long debate the_______was passed and it will become law next month.
A. band B. booklet C. bill D. brigade
参考答案
考点一小试牛刀
1.to build
2.complaining
3.Wearing
4.Being equipped
5.being hired
考点二小试牛刀
1.to keep
2.to be
3.programmed
4.parking
5.surrounding
6.dressed
考点三小试牛刀
1.to believe
2.to share
3.walking
4.charged
5.rejected
考点四小试牛刀
1.Considered
2.abandoning
3.Having completed
4.Devoting
5.To avoid
课堂精练
1.containing
2.Seen
3.to explore
4.to attend
5.paid
6.empathize
7.To acquire
8.intention; intended
9.to reach
10.floating
11.being killed
12.attached
13.trapped
14.recognised
15.expected
语法填空
shtu linked
2.to admire
3.Divided
4.to
5.varieties
6.impressive
7.creating
8.a
9.Skilfully
10.which
阅读理解
11.D
12.C
13.B
高考核心词汇单选
1.C
2.C
3.D
4.C
5.A
6.B
7.B
8.C
9.D
10.D
11.D
12.A
13.A
14.B
15.C

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