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目录 内容
语法精选：定语从句 考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句
考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句
考点三、非限制性定语从句
考点四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
题型综合练 语法填空
阅读理解说明文
高考核心词汇积累 C字母高考核心词汇
关系词总表（分为关系代词、关系副词）
类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中所作成分 可否省略 例句
关系代词 who 人 主语 不可以 The girl who helped me is my classmate.
whom 人 宾语 可以 The man (whom) you met is my teacher.
whose 人 / 物 定语（…… 的） 不可以 This is the boy whose father is a doctor.
which 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The book (which) I bought is interesting.
that 人 + 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The bike (that) he lost is old.
as 人 / 物 主、宾 不可以 As we know, the earth is round.
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 可以 I remember the day when we met.
where 地点名词 地点状语 可以 This is the school where I studied.
why reason（原因） 原因状语 可以 Tell me the reason why you left.
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
This factory that/which produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution.
The little problems (that/which) we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
【小试牛刀】
1．The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all. (用适当的词填空)
2．This is the very museum we visited during our school trip last year. (用适当的词填空)
3．You may not control all the events happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. (用适当的词填空)
4．CISAR brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters. (用适当的词填空)
5．I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do. (用适当的词填空)
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
【小试牛刀】
1．There is usually a break between the second class and third class students can go out to relax themselves. (用适当的词填空)
2．The movie brings me the hours I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. (用适当的词填空)
3．Cafes often create a cozy atmosphere people can relax and connect with others. (用适当的词填空)
4．In a word, we have now reached a point we wish to enjoy and understand literature. (用适当的词填空)
5．And the main reason they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute. (用适当的词填空)
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。
e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）
Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
(罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。)
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。
e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）
【小试牛刀】
1．After graduating from college, she took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. (用适当的词填空)
2．The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, exhibits attracted many visitors. (用适当的词填空)
3． is reported, the activity is very successful. (用适当的词填空)
4．January 15 is around the corner, we will begin our happy winter holiday. (用适当的形式填空)
5．My brother works in Cafe Lavazza, top-quality Western food is served. (用适当的词填空)
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.
许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
【小试牛刀】
1．They consider summer vacations as a time / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. (用适当的词填空)
2．After two months in America, Tian Hua made some friends with she explored the city. (用适当的词填空)
3．Last week, I read a book from I knew how a person could make a contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of his country. (用适当的词填空)
4．Scientists have come up with many theories about why humans cry, none of has been proved. (用适当的词填空)
5．I shared the news with my mom, from expression I knew she was shocked. (用适当的词填空)
1．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空)
2．Finally he reached an abandoned island, was completely cut off from the outside world. (用适当的词填空)
3．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空)
4．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of are his classmates. (用适当的词填空)
5．For instance, snacks, contain a lot of sugar will make you feel tired later on. (用适当的词填空)
6．She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before. (用适当的词填空)
7．There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of belong to one group. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．One of the reasons he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English was terrible.
9．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers.
10．Peter with sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming. (用适当的词填空)
一、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, numerous senior-two students 1 (trap) in intense academic pressure, and psychological anxiety has ranked among the most typical 2 (challenge) on high-school campuses. High academic goals and parents’ high expectations tend to make 3 (they) emotionally fragile and easily discouraged. A large number of teenagers lack effective strategies 4 (regulate) their negative moods when facing setbacks.
When overwhelming stress strikes, some students tend to keep it to themselves, because they are afraid of being laughed at. In fact, burying negative feelings will only make mental tension municating with reliable peers or professional advisors 5 (serve) as a practical approach to easing inner anxiety. Additionally, doing regular physical exercises can refresh your body 6 stabilize your nervous system.
If you suffer from persistent stress, you are supposed to take 7 intentional break from tight study schedules. Immersing yourself in soft melodies will make you feel 8 (peaceful) than usual. Furthermore, cultivating a positive mindset is 9 vital significance. Those 10 master the art of emotional self-control are more likely to maintain mental well-being and achieve academic breakthroughs. Never give up, and you will gradually regain inner balance and confidence.
二、阅读理解
Hybrid vehicles, also known as hybrid electric cars (HECs), are automobiles powered by two or more energy pared with most ordinary cars on the present-day roads, they have several unique features. The biggest distinction is that HECs rely on both petrol and electricity for operation. A hybrid car is fitted with both a battery-driven motor and a petrol-fueled engine.
Manufacturing a hybrid vehicle costs slightly more than a standard car, even with a smaller engine. The higher price results from the more complex engine structure. It has special mechanical parts that support its dual-power operation mode of petrol and electricity. Besides, it is equipped with a computer system different from that of traditional cars. Although it costs more to buy, it runs more cheaply than petrol-only vehicles. When a hybrid car stops at traffic lights or travels at a speed under 15 miles per hour, its special computer makes it run only on electric power. Once the computer detects the car needs extra power, it will restart the petrol engine. The computer keeps judging in real time whether the car should use electricity, petrol, or a mix of both.
Since electric power assists its operation, a hybrid car consumes far less fuel than most vehicles. In fact, it is among the most fuel-efficient cars available now. On average, it can travel 50 to 60 miles per gallon of petrol. Such high fuel efficiency cuts drivers’ costs and helps save limited oil resources. Hybrid cars are also environmentally friendly in other ways. For instance, they produce no harmful polluting gases when running on electricity.
Despite these differences from regular cars, hybrid vehicles deliver the same driving experience. They share the same control methods for acceleration and braking. However, HECs are generally smaller in size than petrol cars. Their streamlined, aerodynamic (空气动力学的) body improves fuel efficiency, yet it fails to increase the inner space of the car.
11．Which of the following best describes the features of a hybrid car
A．Safe and reliable. B．Costly but long-lasting.
C．High purchase price, low pollution. D．Small engine with stronger power.
12．What controls the switch between petrol and electric power in a hybrid car
A．The engine. B．The battery. C．The driver. D．The computer.
13．What is the main purpose of inventing hybrid cars
A．To save energy resources. B．To upgrade driving services.
C．To cut down purchase costs. D．To create a new driving experience.
14．What is the most likely source of this passage
A．A travel diary. B．A science magazine.
C．A health report. D．A car sales poster.
高考高频词汇精选背诵（C字母）
calculate calendar candidate clarify
ceremony conservation certificate classify
combine conquer casual chapter
commercial companion conduct conflict
convey content crash crew
confirm confess catalog(ue) critical
claim campaign consume cruise
canteen contribution costume coincidence
collapse compliment compulsory category
contemporary curriculum capacity cultivate
高考核心词汇练习
1. In order to guarantee the people’s health and reduce smoking, the government is starting an anti-smoking advertising __________.
A. campaign B. capsule C.capture D. cartoon
2. You mustn’t carry too much ________ on you to the crowded public places. You can use your bankcard for buying things.
A. cheque B. charge C.costume D. cash
3. Your fluency in the English language gives you an advantage over the other ____ for the job.
A. captains B. carpenters C. carriers D. candidates
4. Alice ___ her father that both she and her husband would be happy if he would live with them.
A. convinced B. conquered C. confirmed D. classified
5. The recent research shows heavy coffee drinking and heart attack are not necessarily ___ and effect．
A．conflict B．confusion C．capacity D．cause
6. Nowadays people have to pass various tests for professional ________ so that they can be qualified for a well-paying job.
A. claims B. celebrities C. certificates D. categories
7. Anyone who wants to be successful mustn’t give up in any ___________, and should always be full of confidence.
A. contribution B. circumstance C. competition D. consequence
8. It can’t be a(n) __________that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.
A. coincidence B. accident C. incident D. conservation
9. He finished a tough task on his own shortly after he entered the company, so his ________ looked at him with new eyes.
A. clerks B. civilians C. citizens D. colleagues
10. John was dismissed last week because of his __________ attitude towards his job.
A. competitive B. casual C. classical D. comprehensive
11. I think it's high time you made up your mind to choose a(n) ________.
A. construction B.caution C.crisis D. career
12. Jack has been admitted to Harvard University. His family will have a _______ tonight.
A. anniversary B. celebration C. ceremony D. congratulation
13. Through which ______ did you get the information
A. canal B. channel C. condition D. circulation
14. The twins look alike but they are different in _________.
A. characteristic B. complaint C. character D. compliment
15. Math is a _______ subject for both arts and science students.
A. compulsory B. contemporary C. concrete D. considerate
参考答案
考点一小试牛刀1.that/which2.that3.that4.whose5.that
考点二小试牛刀1.when2.when3.where4.where5.why
考点三小试牛刀1.which2.whose3.As4.when5.where
考点四小试牛刀1.in which/where2.whom3.which4.which5.whose
课堂精练
1.as 2.which3.whose4.whom5.which6.whom7.whom8.why9.where10.whose
语法填空
1.are trapped2.challenges3.them4.to regulate5.serves6.and7.an8.more peaceful9.of10.who
阅读理解11.C12.D13.A14.B
高考核心词汇单选1.A2.D3.D4.A5.D6.C7.B8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.C15.A

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