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目录 内容
语法精选：名词性从句 考点一 主语从句
考点二 宾语从句
考点三 表语从句
考点四 同位语从句
题型综合练 语法填空
阅读理解议论文
高考核心词汇积累 D字母高考核心词汇
四大名词性从句一览表
从句类型 位置 核心作用 引导词使用要点 例句
主语从句 放在主句谓语前；或 it 作形式主语 作句子的主语 1.that 无词义，不能省略；2.whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if 放句首；3.what/who 等在从句充当成分 That he won the game is true.（It is true that he won the game.）
宾语从句 放在及物动词 / 介词之后 作动词、介词的宾语 1.that 引导宾语从句时可省略；2. 介词后只用 whether，不用 if；3.what/who 在从句做主 / 宾 I know (that) he is honest.
表语从句 放在 be / 系动词 (seem, become 等) 后面 作表语，解释主语内容 1.that 不能省略；2.if 不能引导表语从句，只能用 whether The fact is that he lied.
同位语从句 放在抽象名词后（fact, news, idea, belief, reason…） 解释说明前面名词的具体内容 1.that 只起连接作用、不充当成分，不可省略；2. 用来解释名词 The news that our team won spread quickly.
一、基本概念
在主从复合句中，作主语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为主语从句。主语从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，且不能省略。另外，主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。
常用来引导主语从句的词
连词 that，whether
连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever等
连接副词 when，where，how，why等
二、由连词that, whether, if引导的主语从句
说明：that 无实义，只起连接作用；whether/if 表 “是否”，if 引导主语从句不能放句首，只能用 it 形式主语结构。
That he refused the offer surprised everyone.
他拒绝了这份邀约，所有人都很惊讶。
Whether we can finish the task on time depends on our efforts.
我们能否按时完成任务取决于我们的努力。
三、连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever引导的主语从句
说明：连接代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，有实际词义。
What he said at the meeting impressed us deeply. 他在会议上说的话给我们留下了深刻印象。
Whoever breaks the rule will be punished. 无论谁违反规则都将受到处罚。
Whichever plan you choose makes no difference to me. 无论你选择哪个方案，对我来说都无所谓。
四、连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why引导的主语从句
说明：连接副词在从句中作状语（时间、地点、方式、原因）。
When we will set off hasn’t been decided yet. 我们何时出发还没有定下来。
Where we hold the graduation ceremony is still under discussion. 我们在哪里举办毕业典礼仍在商讨中。
How we solve this tough matter matters a lot. 我们如何解决这件棘手的事至关重要。
五、用it作形式主语的主语从句
如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有：
①It+is+形容词+that…，常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, certain, obvious, strange, natural等。
②It+is+名词+that…，常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no wonder, good news, common knowledge等。
③It+is+动词过去分词+that…，常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped, thought, decided, ordered等。
④It+特殊动词+that…，常见的特殊动词有seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make a difference等。
⑤It+使令性动词+sb.+that...，常见的动词有worry, shock, surprise, satisfy, upset等。
【小试牛刀】
1． the boy made so much progress in a short time surprised all of us.
2． matters most is not what you think but what you do to pave the way for your future.
3．It matters greatly your parents understand and support you.
4． breaks the law will sooner or later be caught and punished.
一、基本概念
在主从复合句中，作宾语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语从句和表语从句一样，使用连词、连接代词和连接副词等引导。
常用来引导宾语从句的词
连词 that，whether
连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等
连接副词 when，where，how，why等
二、宾语从句引导词
分三类：that（陈述句）、whether/if（一般疑问句）、wh - 连接词（特殊疑问词）
I think (that) he will keep his promise. 我认为他会遵守承诺。
She asks whether/if we can attend her birthday party. 她问我们是否能参加她的生日派对。
I don’t know where the nearest subway station is. 我不知道最近的地铁站在哪里。
易错警示
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh 类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。
三、it形式宾语
结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 宾补 (adj./n.) + 真正宾语从句，it 代替后置从句，避免头重脚轻
I find it easy that I can memorize English words every day. 我发现每天记英语单词是一件轻松的事。
We think it necessary that everyone should obey the rules. 我们认为每个人遵守规则是很有必要的。
He took it for granted that his parents would support him forever. 他想当然地认为父母会永远支持他。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句
(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句
四、宾语从句的时态语序
语序：一律陈述语序（引导词 + 主语 + 谓语）
时态：主句过去时，从句倒退相应过去时态；主句现在时，从句时态按需；客观真理永用一般现在时
He told me that he had finished his homework.（主句过去，从句过去完成时，陈述语序） 他告诉我他已经写完作业了。
Our teacher says that the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，从句永远一般现在时） 老师说地球绕着太阳转。
Could you tell me how I can get to the library （疑问句主句，从句仍用陈述语序） 你能告诉我怎么去图书馆吗？
【小试牛刀】
Her design includes the Self Growing Farm, and she details ______it would work with elements on Mars.
They rated the flavor, color, appearance, and taste of the produce to see ______ the labor over their greens proved fruitful as a supplement to prepackaged space food.
It is a universal code with different marks to help with the meaning of ________ is being written.
In the first experiment, students were asked to recall ________ various stimuli (刺激物) were the same or different after a set period of time.
Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ____ it is made of tea rather than milk.”
一、基本概念
在主从复合句中，作表语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为表语从句。表语从句可以由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，并且不能省略。
常用来引导表语从句的词
连词 that，whether
连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等
连接副词 when，where，how，why等
二、表语从句引导词
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
易错警示
if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
三、as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
四、其他常考的表语从句
(1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
【小试牛刀】
It turns out that this may be _______ our brains remember sound differently than other types of senses.
2. Sometimes unknown species are often living right under our noses — in parks, gardens and even in planters on balconies. That’s ______ researchers in Japan recently recognized this new species of orchid.
3．Tom came late for the meeting. That’s he got stuck in the traffic jam. (用适当的词填空)
4．The funniest moment was someone watching the race offered me a banana — a real treat for running gorilla! (用适当的词填空)
5．The question is will be successful applicants for the summer job at the law firm. (用适当的词填空)
在主从复合句中，作同位语的是一个从句，则这个句子就称为同位语从句。同位语从句由连词that和whether、关系代词who和what或关系副词why和how等引导。连词that在同位语从句中不担任任何成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。从意思上来讲，同位语从句所表达的意思，就是与之同位的名词所表达的意思。
与从句同位的名词通常是表示事实等的抽象名词
answer回答 belief信念 doubt怀疑
fact事实 hope希望 idea想法
news消息 order命令 question问题
reply回答 thought想法 rumour谣言
注意：具体名词，如pen，book等之后不能跟同位语从句。
The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.昨天我们邀请了他，这个主意真是太好了。
The question whether we’ll go to see the film next Monday hasn’t been settled.
说明：whether引导同位语从句，有词义，不作成分，不能省略，也不能用if来代替。
下周一我们是否去看那部电影还未决定。
His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.他问为什么天是蓝的，这令人很难回答。
The rumour that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.（同位语从句）
说明：that引导的从句是抽象名词rumour的同位语从句，that无词义，不作成分，也不能省略。
将要发生地震的谣言很快就在这一地区传开了。
The rumour is that there’ll be an earthquake.（表语从句）谣言是将要发生地震了。
比较：试比较下面两个句子的正误。
（正）The idea (that) he told me yesterday is good.（定语从句）
（误）The idea is that he told me yesterday.昨天他告诉我的那个主意太好了。
易错警示
that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
【小试牛刀】
1．This should serve as a warning ________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
2．You have no idea anxious I have been for her safety. (用适当的词填空)
3．Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
4．They are faced with the problem they should continue the task or just give up. (用适当的词填空)
5．We hadn’t settled the problem ________ would be sent to take charge of that chain shop.
1．There is some doubt it is wise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. (用适当的词填空)
2． I have harvested most from the contest is not the award but the improvement of my pronunciation and the fun of acting.
3．Despite the fact doctors have warned that smoking does harm to health, people still keep on smoking. (用适当的词填空)
4．There has been no news about the famous pianist will arrive.
5． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空）
6．Most of us are well aware good technology can help companies achieve competitive advantage and long-term financial success. （用适当的词填空）
7．Stage fright is a common example of educators call a “lack of confidence” among students.
8． they found was that expressing and receiving appreciation increased happiness for both sides.
9．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. (用适当的词填空)
10．He has heart disease. That is he has been smoking too much. (用适当的词填空)
11．The reason why Apple holds the largest market share in overseas smartphone industry is it still maintains technological advances. (用适当的词填空)
12．It is widely acknowledged Professor Hawking was one of the greatest physicists in the world.
13．As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question there is life on other planets. (用适当的词填空)
14．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week because of the bad weather. （用适当的词填空）
一、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shennongjia, a world heritage site, is a place 1 the local people take things from nature without 2 (cause) damage.
I visited a local village which is 3 (know) for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is 4 (produce) by the earliest species of Chinese bee.
Every spring, the villagers place beehives around their houses 5 (attract) these wild bees from the forest. Although endangered elsewhere in China due 6 the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia 7 (coexist) with the local people for centuries.
By providing the bees with 8 secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. This is just one of the 9 (way) in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony 10 nature.
二、阅读理解
From a young age, I had difficulty with math. Words and stories were easy for me, but numbers seemed like a different language. My father patiently used pencils to show me problems. However, my mind always focused on the stories behind the numbers. Although he tried to help, he sometimes became frustrated. His critical words about my math skills slowly made me anxious and less confident.
In school, my problems increased. A geometry (几何) teacher’s sharp words and my low grades seemed to prove my fears were true. My mother found a tutor, a college student. Even his clear explanations left my mind soon after he was gone. What stayed was a strong fear of math, a feeling many people now call “math anxiety”.
Yet life continued. I got married, raised three sons, and had a teaching career. When I chose to work for a doctoral degree in education, I knew I would need statistics. This time, however, I dealt with it differently. I was not that unsure young girl anymore. I asked for help, joined weekend study groups, and did not let my old fears control me. When the professor asked if I had questions, I smiled and said yes — without feeling shy.
Looking back, I understand the strongest limits were never really mine; they were the echoes (回响) of other people’s doubts that I had let grow inside me. I did not become a medical doctor, but I earned a doctorate in a field I love. I managed to be a mother, a teacher, and a graduate student at the same time. This was not because I was naturally excellent at everything, but because I learned to believe in my own ability to learn and improve.
Now that I am older, I see that every challenge helped form who I am. If I could talk to my younger self, I would kindly tell her to trust her own voice earlier. Yet I regret nothing — every step, even the hard ones, led me to a life full of deep satisfaction and happiness.
11．Why did the author feel “math anxiety”
A．Numbers sound like a different language. B．Stories distracted her easily.
C．The tutor left her forgetful. D．Adults’ comments made her doubt herself.
12．What does “without feeling shy” imply
A．She gathered statistics. B．She sought help actively.
C．She was not a young girl. D．She understood the questions.
13．What helped the author succeed in multiple roles
A．Natural talent. B．An easier career path.
C．Self-belief in learning. D．Complete independence.
14．What is the author’s attitude towards her past struggles now
A．Grateful. B．Regretful. C．Worried. D．Excited.
高考高频词汇精选背诵（D字母）
deadline define delicate deposit
discourage dwelling dramatic delight
depress disclose discipline dissolve
decade discount discriminate domestic
declare digest diligent dignity
decay deceive distinct diagnose
delete decent distinguish desperate
deliver defect document diverse
decline deliberate density dizzy
demonstrate digital dominant drain
高考核心词汇练习
High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money from banks.
A. discourage B. decrease C. disturb D. disgust
The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _____ as hepatitis（肝炎）.
A. diagnosed B. determined C. declined D. discovered
American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. declared B. disclosed C. displayed D. denied
You can identify people's nationality from their facial features and their _____ dress.
A. distinctive B. distinguished C. dominant D. decisive
The car salesman took the customer for a driver in the new model in order to _____ its improved features.
A. decay B. demonstrate C. donate D. deceive
The rainbow _____ as the sun came fully out from behind the clouds.
A. dissolved B.dominated C. disposed D. disappeared
Jim isn't _____, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.
A.dim B. dull C. diligent D. dumb
She is a modern and intellectual young girl with __________ abilities and knowledge.
A. detective B. definite C. digital D. diverse
He earned a large sum of money and __________ 500,000 dollars in the bank.
A. deposited B. deleted C. departed D. decorated
__________ practice means more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and so on.
dramatic B.decent C. distinct D. deliberate
Thousands of people are ____________ trying to leave their battered(破旧的) homes.
A. disappointedly B. desperately C. delightedly D. dramatically
Doctors have said that as many as 50 percent of patients don’t take medicine as ________.
A. described B.distinguished C. directed D. depended
Club members get a 15% __________, much lower than the regular price.
A. discount B. discipline C.dignity D. drain
Compared to other applicants, your main _________ is lack of job experience.
A.decade B. disadvantage C. document D. density
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the _________.
A. distinction B. distraction C. deadline D.division
参考答案
考点一小试牛刀1.That2.What3.whether4.Whoever
考点二小试牛刀1.how2.whether/if3.what4.whether/if5.that
考点三小试牛刀1.why2.why3.because4.when5.who
考点四小试牛刀1.thatshtur3.that4.whether5.who
课堂精练
1.whether2.What3.that4.whether5.Why6.that7.what8.What9.how10.because11.that 12.that13.whether14.that
语法填空
1.where 2.causing 3.known 4.produced 5.to attract 6.to 7.have coexisted 8.a 9.ways 10.with
阅读理解11.D12.B13.C14.A
高考核心词汇单选1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.C7.B8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.B14.C15.C

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