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2026年人教版英语八年级下暑假作业--语法填空
语法填空着重考查学生对基础语言知识的掌握和对词汇的灵活运用,要求学生能够根据语篇的上下文语境以及语法知识来完成,此类题目包括7个给单词提示(填其适当形式)和3个盲填(填虚词,如：介词、连词、冠词和从属连词等)。
【技巧1】虚词填写
虚词填写一般分为两类,第一类是根据句意、逻辑和语法规则推断出填某个含义的介词、连词或者冠词,这样的词的数量是有限的,关键是弄懂句意。
【技巧2】数词变形
数词变形一般是基数词变为序数词,基本不会出现序数词变基数词的情况,需要特别注意的是一个不加th的词的变形、需要去字母后再加th或需要原单词变形后再加th的变形
【技巧3】动词变形
所给单词若是动词,则要考虑时态、语态和非谓语变形三个方向。 若是空格所在句子没有谓语动词,则要根据上下文和句意确定时态,然后填对应的时态。
若是句中已有谓语动词,需变为非谓语动词,则要根据非谓语动词所作的成分,与前后成分的关系以及前面的词的习惯搭配等确定用 ing形式、不定式还是过去分词形式
【技巧4】名词变形
所给单词若是名词,则可考虑变复数、加所有格这两种情况,还有一种情况要考虑单复数同形,一般不会考查不可数名词。
【技巧5】形副变形
形副变形主要分为两种,一种是形容词变副词,一种是 ed形容词、 ing形容词互变或者词根变为这两类形容词。形容词多数时候可以加 ly变为副词,有些情况需要去e或者变y为i再加ly,具体使用 ed形容词还是 ing形容词主要是根据句意来确定。
【技巧6】代词变形
代词变形分为人称代词变形和不定代词变形两种。人称代词变形主要是主格、宾格、形容词性所有格、名词性所有格、反身代词之间的变形,如第9题,一般不会出现单复数的变形。不定代词的变形也分两类,一类主要是肯定与否定、疑问之间的变形,主要是some和any、no之间的变换；还有一类是other、others、another、the other、the others之间的变换。
（一）
Baby Tadpoles (小蝌蚪) Look for Their Mother is a famous Chinese cartoon. It first appeared in 1960 and is one of 1 (great) works in Chinese animation. It is about fifteen minutes long 2 tells a warm and moving story for kids.
3 story takes place in a small clean pool. A mother frog lays eggs, which soon become little tadpoles. When they open their 4 (eye), their mum has swum away. Not knowing what their mother looks like, the tadpoles start a trip to look for her.
On the way, they meet a shrimp, a goldfish and a crab. Each describes the mother frog 5 (different). This makes the tadpoles feel confused. They keep swimming and never give up. Suddenly, a big 6 (danger) fish comes and tries to hurt them. The little tadpoles are so afraid that they do not know what to do.
Just then, their mother frog 7 (arrive) and saves them from danger. She tells them who she really is. As time passes, the tadpoles grow legs and lose their tails (尾巴), turning 8 young frogs.
This simple story shows the power of a mother’s deep love and the fun of growing up. It also teaches children 9 (be) brave when they are facing difficulties. Even today, it 10 (love) by people of all ages across China. And it continues to bring warmth and laughter to every new generation.
（二）
Every year, natural disasters happen in many places around the world. An earthquake 11 (happen) in Myanmar on 28 March 2025. 12 (unlucky), many people got hurt or died in it.
Earthquakes may break out at any time and any places. The 13 (tall) the buildings are, the more dangerous they will be. You had better take the following ways to make 14 safe during an earthquake. When an earthquake happens, do not try to run out of the building if you are on the 15 (two) floor—even if you only need a short time to go. Hide 16 a table or anything similar quickly. Cover your 17 (eye) and head with your hands to protect them. They are very easy to get hurt. But if a fire alarm 18 (ring), you will have to leave the building as fast as possible. Take 19 nearest stairs to leave the building. Don’t take the lift because it’s unsafe. Remember not to come back to the building 20 it is safe.
Natural disasters are unpredictable (不可预测的). All you can do is to protect yourself.
（三）
Have you heard of community food banks They provide free food 21 people in need. The first food bank in China 22 (open) in Shanghai in 2015, and now there are hundreds of food banks across the country.
Huimin Food Bank is in our community. Every Saturday morning, volunteers gather there 23 (sort) donated food. Most of the food comes from supermarkets — it is surplus food that is still safe to eat, but near 24 (it) expiration (到期) date. After sorting, volunteers hand out food bags to elderly people living alone and low-income (低收入的) 25 (family).
Grandma Li, an 82-year-old resident (居民), visits the food bank every week. “ 26 I only spend part of my pocket money on food here, I save a lot of money,” she said. So far, the food bank 27 (help) over 400 families in our community. Volunteers also spend a lot of effort 28 (organize) donation activities in schools and companies.
Small actions like donating unused food can make 29 big difference. We also encourage teenagers to sign up as volunteers. Even one hour of work a week can help those in need. Let’s work together to build a much 30 (warm) community.
（四）
Rainforests are important natural homes for plants and animals. Among 31 (they), the Amazon in South America is the world’s biggest one. Most living things 32 our planet depend on the Amazon in some way.
This rainforest has 33 (large) number of plants in the world. In just three acres (英亩) of rainforest, you can find over 750 kinds of trees 34 1,500 other kinds of plants. Because of its rich plants, people 35 (call) the Amazon Rainforest the “lungs of the earth” for hundreds of years. People even use some special rainforest plants 36 (make) medicine.
The Amazon River runs through the Amazon Rainforest. It is the second longest river in the world. In one place, the Amazon River is so wide 37 it reaches over 320 kilometres. With all this water, it is not 38 (surprise) that the river also has a lot of water animals. There are more than 5,600 39 (type) of fish in the river. What 40 amazing place it is!
（五）
Our school runs a volunteer animal care club. So far our club 41 (win) high praise (赞扬) from teachers and students.
Last Friday afternoon, when I walked into the club room, some members 42 (play) with a small stray dog. The dog was new. It left its family and 43 (run) away onto the street days ago. It had no food or warm houses, so it had to try to make 44 living by looking for rubbish. A villager wanted to trade some of his old clothes 45 some dog food. He was so kind, we all thanked him. We also prepared plenty of 46 (meat) and warm blankets (毯子) for all stray animals. One day, a shy boy talked 47 a low voice and said he would help look after the dog 48 (he).
Our club decided to take action 49 (build) small wooden houses for stray pets. Besides, many warm stories 50 (write) by our club members last week. More and more people joined us to help these animals.
（六）
The Yellow River is one of the most amazing natural wonders in China. In the hearts of 51 (China) people, it is regarded as the mother river. The river is expected to play a more important role in our country’s 52 (develop).
The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese 53 its water is yellow. When the river runs through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原), it 54 (real) carries lots of yellow sand into the water.
Starting from Qinghai Province in northwestern China, the Yellow River runs from the mountains 55 the sea. It runs through a lot of places before 56 (run) into the Bohai Sea. The 5,464-kilometre-long river feeds about 12% of China’s population and provides water for more than sixty 57 (city).
So far, our country 58 (make) great efforts in the environmental protection of the river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand is prevented from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much 59 (clear) than before.
Therefore, we should take practical action to protect the Yellow River by 60 (we).
（七）
It is important for teenagers to learn good manners. Above all, knowing social manners helps them behave politely. They can decide what to do in a certain situation by 61 (them). Also, they will become more confident than before. What’s more, people would like 62 (offer) good chances to teenagers with good manners, and these chances can possibly change their life. Without good manners, teenagers may face the 63 (bad) results in social communication.
When teenagers start to learn manners, most of them are taught to say “please”, “excuse me” and so on. However, good manners are far more than these simple words. They need to continue learning more and avoid 64 (proper) behaviour in public. Here are some useful tips to get them started:
65 (First), express thanks. Say “thank you” as soon as someone offers help. And you have to write thank - you letters or send small presents after visiting someone’s home. These words, spoken or written, can make the 66 (own) of the house feel warm.
Secondly, have good table manners. Don’t start to eat until the hosts pick up their 67 (knife) and forks at a dinner party. Eat as quietly as possible. And try not to make any noise. If a dish is far, ask another guest for help instead of reaching over others’ plates for it.
Thirdly, show respect during a conversation. Don’t interrupt (打断) others while they 68 (talk). Last week, I saw a boy interrupt his mom when she was sharing her daily life. If you are on the phone in public, keep your voice down. Many people 69 (keep) this rule since they learned good manners. That’s very important for them.
There is 70 old saying, “It is never too late to learn.” Start to learn good manners from now on.
（八）
A hurricane (飓风) is a huge storm that forms over warm ocean water. Hurricanes have winds that move in a circle. Hurricane winds are very 71 (power), and can move at speeds from 120 km/h to over 300 km/h.
The centre of hurricane winds is 72 (call) the eye. Winds in the eye 73 (be) not very strong. Around the eye is an area called the eye wall. The wall is where winds are the 74 (strong) and rain is the heaviest.
Strong winds and heavy rain can do a lot of damage (破坏) when a hurricane moves over land.
Hurricane winds can be strong enough to break windows into pieces. The winds can even knock over tall trees, which might fall on 75 (build) or cars. Strong winds can pick up objects and send 76 (they) into the air, causing damage.
Heavy rain from a hurricane can cause floods in areas that are not close 77 a coast. The floodwater can be very deep. It sometimes reaches almost up to the top of houses. Water goes into the houses quickly and 78 (do) a lot of damage. Wooden structures (结构) might be 79 (danger) after a flood.
80 there is no way to prevent a hurricane, you can get prepared for it.
（九）
The Sahara Desert is in the north of Africa. It is the 81 (large) hot desert in the world, covering about 8,600,000 square kilometres. Life there in the past was much more difficult for humans than in other places 82 it was hard to grow plants and find water there. The Sahara Desert has the most terrible living conditions (条件) on earth. It is very hot and dry all year round. The highest temperature there can 83 (reach) 58 °C． But 84 fact, some deserts are very cold. There is much oil in the Sahara Desert. After the people there found it, they 85 (start) to sell it to other countries. Then they had money to build 86 (house) and roads in the desert.
But the living conditions in the Sahara Desert are still hard now. And people are 87 (real) worried about the conditions getting worse. So the government tried hard to plant trees in the past few years. They also had some programs to let people know the importance of 88 (save) water. Now, the Sahara Desert has become 89 amazing place in the world.
The Sahara Desert reminds (提醒) us that nature is just as important as humans. So we should try 90 (we) best to protect it.
（十）
Isabella is a very warm-hearted girl. She is always ready to help people 91 need. So far Isabella 92 (study) in college for 2 years. At the same time, she is volunteering to teach at Heart House in her free time. Heart House is 93 after-school programme for children. It gives some extra education to those children who are not doing 94 (good) in their studies, and tries to change their study 95 (habit).
Isabella goes to Heart House to teach the children 96 (two) a week. She also set up a website for Heart House. Because of Isabella’s website, every week more 97 one hundred volunteers spend about four hours with the children at Heart House now. “Without Isabella’s website, Heart House would have trouble finding enough volunteers,” the programme leader says. “I always have a strong feeling of 98 (successful) when I teach those kids how to study. The best thing is that I can also learn a lot from 99 (they). I won’t give up 100 (volunteer) after graduation. I hope to go on teaching kids in need.” Isabella says.
（十一）
Fill in each blank with a proper form of the word given or a proper word.
To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the world’s greatest wonders. Standing at the earth’s highest point, one seems close enough to touch the sky. 101 , only top climbers can reach its top, for they must first survive terrible conditions. On the mountain, temperatures can drop to - 30 degrees and, climbers have to fight thin air, high cliffs and 102 (change) weather. Before 1960, no one had reached its top from the 103 (north) side, which was even named the “Death Road”. Yet a Chinese 104 (climb) team was determined to make the climb. On May 24, 1960, four Chinese climbers got to the Second Step at 8,600 metres. Liu Lianman’s teammates 105 (step) on his shoulders and they 106 (final) climbed past it. At 4:20 a.m. the next day, the Chinese 107 (nation) flag flew over Qomolangma for 108 first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed up for research and left a ladder at the Second Step. Until 2007, most climbers from the north relied on this “Chinese Ladder”. 109 2020, Chinese researchers measured its exact 110 (high) as 8,848.86metres.
Though climbing Qomolangma is risky with many failures, people still dare to try. It is human curiosity and ambition that drive them, just as explorer George Mallory said: “because it’s there”.
（十二）
It was a quiet night. Most people in the town were sleeping when a strong earthquake 111 (sudden) hit. The ground shook hard, and many 112 (house) fell down. People ran out of their homes, shouting and crying. When the earthquake stopped, rescue teams from all over the country hurried to the town. At 6:00 a.m., soldiers were 113 (look) for people under the buildings. “We have 114 (find) ten people alive since we arrived,” one soldier told the reporter. At the same time, volunteers there were cleaning up the street, handing 115 food and putting up tents for the homeless. A young nurse named Lucy worked 116 (hard) than anyone else. She said, “I hope to help as many people as possible.”
In a school in the town, teachers were teaching children some 117 (safe) skills. “Cover your head with your arms and hide under the desk during an earthquake,” Mr. Lin said. “And always remember to protect 118 (you) first.”
After three days, most people were safe. “This is the most 119 (success) rescue I’ve ever seen,” said a reporter. People from different places worked together, sharing food, water and love. 120 the earthquake broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together.
（十三）
Cindy is a skiing lover. She is 121 18-year-old teenager from the US. On March 3rd, she went skiing in Maine. When she was planning to go home, a heavy snowstorm 122 (hit) the area. Cindy wasn’t able to see far. Before she knew it, she had lost her way. The girl was alone. She didn’t have food, water or a phone. She was getting colder and colder.
Cindy didn’t know where she was. She tried her best to calm herself down. 123 (sudden), she thought of the survival (生存) shows named Man vs. Wild that she watched on television. It was time to use the lessons she learned. She should find a place to keep 124 (her) warm. The first thing she did was to build a small snow cave (洞穴). Then she got many branches (树枝). She put them on top of the cave 125 (stay) warm.
In the evening, Cindy was really hungry. She 126 (eat) snow and drank water from a river. She slept in the cave with her arms and legs close to her body. The next day, Cindy went out to look for help, 127 she couldn’t find anybody. So she went back to her cave. Two 128 (day) later, Cindy went out again. She walked for about a mile when somebody found her. Finally, Cindy was saved.
Cindy felt 129 (luck) to be a fan of the show Man vs. Wild. She learned useful lessons 130 it, which helped save her life.
（十四）
Mr Wang lives in Xi’an. There is a small community library in 131 (he) neighbourhood with nearly 10,000 books. The library is 132 quiet place, and many people love to read there.
75-year-old Mr Wang is a regular 133 (visit). He comes every week to borrow books. “I borrowed this thick book just now,” he says. “I love reading, and 134 (thankful), there is a library near my home.” Another reader, Mr Shao, reads in the library every day 135 the weather is terrible. He has read most of the 136 (history) novels there.
A group of active 137 (volunteer) work in the library. Most of them are old people. They clean up the library and organize books. This team also helps the elderly and serves students during holidays. The library provides people 138 big chairs, reading glasses, and warm tea to make everyone feel 139 (comfort).
Over time, through the volunteers’ daily work, the library 140 (become) a warm and friendly place, full of books and kindness. Their work is worth the effort.
参考答案
1．
the greatest 2．
and 3．
The 4．
eyes 5．
differently 6．
dangerous 7．
arrives 8．
into 9．
to be 10．
is loved
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国著名动画片《小蝌蚪找妈妈》的故事情节及其所传达的深刻意义。
【详解】1．句意：它于1960年首次上映，是中国动画最伟大的作品之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，great的最高级为greatest，前面必须加定冠词the。
2．句意：它时长约15分钟，为孩子们讲述了一个温暖感人的故事。此处连接“is about fifteen minutes long”和“tells a warm and moving story”两个并列分句，应用并列连词and。
3．句意：故事发生在一个干净的小池塘里。此处特指《小蝌蚪找妈妈》的故事，用定冠词The，句首首字母大写。
4．句意：当它们睁开眼睛时，妈妈已经游走了。此处指小蝌蚪们的眼睛，“their”后接可数名词复数，eye的复数为eyes。
5．句意：每个人对青蛙妈妈的描述都不同。此处修饰动词“describes”，用different的副词形式differently。
6．句意：突然，一条危险的大鱼游过来试图伤害它们。此处修饰名词“fish”，用danger的形容词形式dangerous。
7．句意：就在这时，青蛙妈妈来了，把它们从危险中救了出来。主语“their mother frog”是单数，时态为一般现在时，用arrive的第三人称单数形式arrives，与后文并列谓语saves时态保持一致。
8．句意：随着时间的推移，小蝌蚪长出了腿，尾巴消失了，变成了小青蛙。“turn into”是固定短语，意为“变成”。
9．句意：它还教会孩子们在面对困难时要勇敢。“teach sb to do sth”是固定用法，意为“教某人做某事”，不定式符号to后接动词原形be。
10．句意：即使在今天，它仍然受到中国各个年龄段人们的喜爱。分析句子结构可知，主语“it”与“love”是被动关系，根据时间状语“Even today”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语it是第三人称单数，应填is loved。
11．happened 12．Unluckily 13．taller 14．yourself/yourselves 15．second 16．under 17．eyes 18．rings 19．the 20．until/before
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地震安全防护知识。
【详解】11．句意：2025年3月28日，缅甸发生了一场地震。happen意为“发生”，是动词，根据时间状语“on 28 March 2025”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词要用过去式，happen的过去式是happened。
12． 句意：不幸的是，许多人在这次地震中受伤或死亡。unlucky“不幸的”是形容词，此处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，unlucky的副词形式是unluckily，意为“不幸地”，句首单词的首字母要大写。
13．句意：建筑物越高，就会越危险。tall意为“高的”，是形容词，此处考查固定结构“the+比较级, the+比较级” ，意为“越……越……”，此处用tall的比较级taller。
14．句意：你最好采取以下方法，在地震中保护自己的安全。根据“You had better take the following ways”可知，此处考查短语make sb. safe，意为“使某人安全”，根据句意，此处是表达“使你自己安全”，要用反身代词，主语是you“你；你们”，对应的反身代词是yourself“你自己”或yourselves“你们自己”。
15．句意：地震发生时，如果你在二楼，不要试图跑出大楼——即使你只需要很短的时间就能出去。two“二”是基数词，表示数量，定冠词the修饰序数词，表示顺序，the second floor意为“二楼”。
16．句意：快速躲在桌子或类似的物体下面。根据地震避险常识，应躲在坚固物体的下方，此处用介词under，表示“在……下面”，under a desk意为“在一张书桌下面”。
17．句意：用手护住你的眼睛和头部来保护它们。eye意为“眼睛”，是可数名词，人有两只眼睛，所以eye要用复数形式eyes。
18．句意：但如果火灾警报响起，你必须尽快离开大楼。ring意为“铃响”，是动词，主语a fire alarm是单数，句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主语是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，ring的第三人称单数形式是rings。
19．句意：走最近的楼梯离开大楼。nearest“最近的”是形容词最高级，形容词的最高级前面需要加定冠词the。
20．句意：记住直到安全了才能回到大楼里。/记住安全之前不能回到大楼里。此处用not…until…结构或before表达均可，not…until…译为“直到……才……”；before意为“之前”。
21．for 22．opened 23．to sort 24．its 25．families 26．Though/Although 27．has helped 28．organizing 29．a 30．warmer
【导语】本文通过介绍社区食品银行的运营模式与公益价值，呼吁大家参与志愿行动，共同建设更温暖的社区。
【详解】21．句意：它们为有需要的人提供免费食物。固定搭配provide sth. for sb.表示“为某人提供某物”，此处缺少对应介词。
22．句意：中国第一家食品银行于2015年在上海开业，如今全国已有数百家食品银行。句中“in 2015”是明确的过去时间点，需用一般过去时。
23．句意：每周六早上，志愿者们聚集在那里整理捐赠的食物。此处用不定式作目的状语，说明志愿者聚集的目的。
24．句意：大部分食物都来自超市，这些是剩余食品，仍可安全食用，只是快要到保质期了。此处修饰名词expiration date，需用形容词性物主代词。
25．句意：分拣完成后，志愿者将食品袋分发给独居老人和低收入家庭。and前的elderly people是复数，此处对应的family也需用复数形式。
26．句意：虽然我只在这里花部分零花钱买食物，但我省下了很多钱。前后句存在让步逻辑关系，可用Though/Although引导让步状语从句。
27．句意：到目前为止，这家食品银行已经帮助了我们社区的400多户家庭。句中“So far”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，主语为单数，故用现在完成时。
28．句意：志愿者们也花费大量精力在学校和企业组织捐赠活动。固定搭配spend effort doing sth.表示“花费精力做某事”，后接动名词。
29．句意：像捐赠未使用食物这样的小行动能带来很大的影响。固定搭配make a big difference表示“产生重大影响”。
30．句意：让我们共同努力，建设一个温暖得多的社区。much后常修饰形容词比较级，强调程度加深。
31．them 32．on 33．the largest 34．and 35．have called 36．to make 37．that 38．surprising 39．types 40．an
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于亚马逊雨林的相关内容。
【详解】31．句意：在它们之中，南美洲的亚马逊雨林是世界上面积最大的雨林。空处位于介词among后作宾语，填写they的宾格them。
32．句意：我们星球上绝大多数生物都以某种方式依靠亚马逊雨林生存。生物是居住在星球表面的，因此空处填写介词on；on our planet“在我们的星球上”。
33．句意：这片雨林拥有世界上数量最多的植物。“in the world”表示范围，因此空处填写large的最高级largest，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。
34．句意：仅仅三英亩雨林里，你就能找到 750 多种树木以及 1500 种其他植物。“750 kinds of trees”和“1,500 other kinds of plants”是并列名词短语，其间填写并列连词and。
35．句意：因其丰富的植被，数百年来人们一直将亚马逊雨林称作 “地球之肺”。根据“for hundreds of years”可知，空处需用现在完成时“have/has done”表达，主语为复数形式，助动词用have，call的过去分词为called。
36．句意：人们甚至利用雨林里一些特殊植物来制作药物。use sth. to do sth.“用某物来做某事”，此处填写不定式“to make”作目的状语表示利用植物的目的。
37．句意：有一处河段，亚马逊河宽达320多公里。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，固定句型。
38．句意：有着如此充沛的水量，这条河里生存着大量水生动物也就不足为奇了。空处位于be动词is后作表语，且修饰“the river also has a lot of water animals”这件事情，因此填写surprising，意为“令人惊讶的”。
39．句意：河中生活着超过 5600 种鱼类。5600后接可数名词复数，type复数为types。
40．句意：这是一处多么神奇的地方啊！本句符合“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”的感叹句句型，amazing为元音音素开头的单词，因此空处填写不定冠词an。
41．has won 42．were playing 43．ran 44．a 45．for 46．meat 47．in 48．himself 49．to build 50．were written
【导语】本文介绍了学校关爱动物志愿者社团的相关事迹，讲述了社团成员救助流浪小动物、收获师生好评，并积极开展公益行动、传递温暖的故事。
【详解】41．句意：到目前为止，我们社团赢得了师生们的高度赞扬。句中时间标志词 “So far” 表示迄今为止，是现在完成时的标志，动作从过去持续到现在，故用现在完成时has won。
42．句意：上周五下午，当我走进社团活动室时，一些成员正在和一只小流浪狗玩耍。时间状语 “when I walked into the club room” 表示过去某个具体时刻，此处表示当时动作正在进行，需用过去进行时were playing。
43．句意：这只小狗几天前离开家人，从街上跑掉了。句中时间状语 “days ago” 表示过去的时间，且and连接并列的过去式动作，故用一般过去时ran。
44．句意：它没有食物和温暖的住所，所以不得不靠捡垃圾谋生。固定搭配 “make a living” 表示“谋生”，为固定短语，故填不定冠词a。
45．句意：一位村民想用他的一些旧衣服换狗粮。固定搭配 “trade sth. for sth.” 表示“用某物换取某物”，是固定介词搭配，故填for。
46．句意：我们还为所有流浪动物准备了大量的肉和温暖的毯子。meat意为“肉”，属于不可数名词，无复数形式，plenty of后可直接接不可数名词，故填meat。
47．句意：有一天，一个腼腆的男孩低声说他会亲自帮忙照顾这只小狗。固定搭配 “in a low voice” 表示“低声地、小声地”，为固定介词搭配，故填in。
48．句意：有一天，一个腼腆的男孩低声说他会亲自帮忙照顾这只小狗。主语为he，此处表示他自己，强调亲自做某事，需用反身代词himself。
49．句意：我们社团决定采取行动为流浪宠物建造小木屋。固定搭配 “take action to do sth.” 表示“采取行动做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语，故填to build。
50．句意：此外，我们社团成员上周写下了许多温暖的故事。句中时间状语 “last week” 表示过去时间，主语stories和动词write为被动关系，故事被书写，故用一般过去时的被动语态were written。
51．Chinese 52．development 53．because 54．really 55．to 56．running 57．cities 58．has made 59．clearer 60．ourselves
【导语】本文介绍黄河是中国的母亲河，讲述黄河名称由来、流经路线，同时说明我国为黄河生态保护付出的努力，并呼吁我们自觉保护黄河。
【详解】51．句意：在中国人民心中，它被视作母亲河。空格后为名词people，需用形容词修饰名词，China的形容词形式Chinese表示“中国的”，符合语境。
52．句意：这条河流有望在我国的发展中发挥更重要的作用。名词所有格country’s后要接名词，develop的名词形式development意为“发展”，为不可数名词。
53．句意：这条河中文名叫黄河，因为它的河水是黄色的。前半句说明黄河的名字，后半句解释得名的原因，连词because引导原因状语从句。
54．句意：当河流流经黄土高原时，它真的携带大量黄沙汇入水中。空格修饰动词carries，要用副词，real的副词形式really作状语。
55．句意：黄河发源于中国西北的青海省，从高山流向大海。固定搭配from...to...表示“从…… 到……”，此处填to。
56．句意：在流入渤海之前，它流经很多地方。介词before后接动名词作宾语，run的动名词形式为running。
57．句意：这条全长5464公里的河流养育了中国约12%的人口，为六十多座城市供水。sixty后接可数名词复数，city的复数形式是cities。
58．句意：到目前为止，我国已经为河流的生态保护付出巨大努力。标志词So far意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的提示词，主语our country为单数，应填has made。
59．句意：我们的母亲河已经变得比以前清澈很多。句中出现比较级标志词than，形容词clear需使用比较级clearer，much修饰比较级表示“……得多”。
60．句意：因此，我们应当亲自采取实际行动保护黄河。固定搭配by oneself表示“独自、亲自”，we对应的反身代词是ourselves。
61．themselves 62．to offer 63．worst 64．improper 65．Firstly 66．owner 67．knives 68．are talking 69．have kept 70．an
【导语】本文主要讲述学习良好礼仪对青少年十分重要，介绍了礼貌待人带来的诸多好处，同时从表达感谢、餐桌礼仪、交谈礼仪三个方面给出学习礼仪的实用建议，并呼吁大家从现在开始学习礼仪。
【详解】61．句意：他们可以独自判断在特定场合该做什么。分析句子结构，固定搭配by oneself表示“独自”，主语是they，对应的反身代词为themselves。应填themselves。
62．句意：人们愿意给有礼貌的青少年提供好机会，这些机会有可能改变他们的人生。分析句子结构，固定短语would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，后面接动词不定式。应填to offer。
63．句意：如果没有良好的礼仪，青少年在社交沟通中可能会面临最差的结果。分析句子结构，定冠词the后常搭配形容词最高级，结合语境此处表示“最差的”，bad的最高级形式是worst。应填worst。
64．句意：他们需要不断学习更多礼仪，避免在公共场合做出不恰当的行为。分析句子结构，根据avoid“避免”可知要规避不合礼仪的行为，proper意为“合适的”，其反义词improper表示“不恰当的”，修饰名词behaviour。应填improper。
65．句意：首先，学会表达感谢。一旦有人提供帮助，就要说“谢谢”。分析句子结构，后文出现Secondly、Thirdly表分点，此处对应“首先”，单词首字母需大写。应填Firstly。
66．句意：这些口头或书面的话语，能让房屋的主人感到温暖。分析句子结构，定冠词the后接名词，own是动词，其名词形式owner意为“主人”。应填owner。
67．句意：在晚宴上，主人拿起刀叉之前不要开始用餐。分析句子结构，and后forks为复数形式，并列的knife也要变为复数，knife的复数变化为knives。应填knives。
68．句意：别人正在说话的时候，不要打断他们。分析句子结构，while引导时间状语从句，强调动作正在进行，使用现在进行时；主语为they，be动词用are。应填are talking。
69．句意：很多人自从学习良好礼仪之后，就一直遵守这条准则。分析句子结构，since是现在完成时的标志性词，结构为have/has+动词过去分词；主语many people是复数，keep的过去分词为kept。应填have kept。
70．句意：有一句老话：活到老，学到老。分析句子结构，saying是可数名词单数，old发音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。应填an。
71．powerful 72．called 73．are 74．strongest 75．buildings 76．them 77．to 78．does 79．dangerous 80．Although/Though
【导语】本文介绍飓风的形成、结构特点，以及飓风带来的狂风、暴雨危害，并说明无法阻止飓风，但可以提前做好防范。
【详解】71．句意：飓风的风力十分强劲，可以以每小时120公里至300多公里的速度移动。be动词后用形容词作表语；power的形容词形式为powerful。
72．句意：飓风的中心被称作飓风眼。主语与call之间存在被动关系，所以此处应用被动语态，结构为：be+过去分词。句中is已经给出，所以此处填call的过去分词called。
73．句意：飓风眼区域的风力并不是很强。句中缺少谓语。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时；主语Winds是复数，所以此处填are。
74．句意：风眼壁区域风力最强，降雨也最为猛烈。前面有定冠词the，and后面的heaviest是最高级，并列要用strong的最高级strongest。
75．句意：大风甚至能刮倒高大的树木，树木可能砸落在建筑物或是车辆上。介词on后接名词作宾语，build的名词形式为building，or连接两个并列名词，cars为复数，所以此处应用复数形式buildings。
76．句意：大风会卷起各种物体，并将它们卷到空中，从而造成破坏。动词send后面用人称代词宾格them。
77．句意：飓风带来的暴雨，会让远离海岸的区域发生洪涝灾害。固定搭配：be close to…意为“靠近……”。
78．句意：雨水迅速涌入房屋，造成大量损毁。and连接并列谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语Water为不可数名词，所以此处用do的第三人称单数形式does。
79．句意：洪水过后，木质建筑结构可能会变得危险。be动词后用形容词作表语，danger的形容词形式为dangerous。
80．句意：尽管我们没有办法阻止飓风，但可以提前做好应对准备。前后句子之间为转折关系，填Although/Though，注意：句首首字母大写。
81．largest 82．because 83．reach 84．in 85．started 86．houses 87．really 88．saving 89．an 90．our
【导语】本文介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、恶劣的自然环境、当地石油资源带来的发展，以及政府为改善生态做出的努力，呼吁人类重视并保护自然环境。
【详解】81．句意：它是世界上最大的炎热沙漠，面积约8600000平方公里。句中有范围限定短语in the world“在世界范围内”，表示三者及以上对比，形容词large要使用最高级形式。
82．句意：过去那里人类的生活比其他地方艰难得多，因为在那里很难种植植物、找到水源。空格前后是两个完整分句，前半句提出“生活艰难”的结果，后半句解释造成该结果的原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。
83．句意：那里最高气温能达到58摄氏度。情态动词can后面必须接动词原形，因此动词reach保持原形不变。
84．句意：但事实上，有些沙漠十分寒冷。固定搭配in fact，意为“事实上、实际上”，空格处填介词in。
85．句意：当地人发现石油之后，就开始把石油售卖到其他国家。主句动作start发生在过去（对应从句found为一般过去时），描述过去发生的动作，动词start变为过去式started。
86．句意：随后他们有钱在沙漠里修建房屋和道路。house是可数名词，此处“表泛指多栋房屋”，与并列名词roads保持形式一致，使用复数形式houses。
87．句意：人们真的很担心生存环境会变得更差。空格修饰形容词worried，形容词不能直接修饰形容词，需要把形容词real变为副词really作状语。
88．句意：他们还开展项目，让人们明白节约用水的重要性。介词of后不能直接跟动词原形，动词要改为动名词形式作of的宾语，save变动名词saving。
89．句意：如今撒哈拉沙漠已经成为世界上一处迷人的地方。place是可数名词单数，amazing以元音音素开头，表泛指“一处”，要用不定冠词an。
90．句意：所以我们应该尽我们最大的努力去保护它。固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，括号内主格we要转换为形容词性物主代词our。
91．in 92．has studied 93．an 94．well 95．habits 96．twice 97．than 98．success 99．them 100．volunteering
【导语】本文讲述了热心的女孩Isabella在大学学习期间，在Heart House做志愿教学工作，为其建立网站吸引更多志愿者，她从志愿活动中获得成就感并表示毕业后会继续的故事。
【详解】91．句意：她总是乐于帮助有需要的人。“in need”是固定短语，意为“需要帮助的，在困难中，在危难中”，所以此处填in。
92．句意：到目前为止，伊莎贝拉已经在大学里学习了两年。“so far”是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，主语Isabella是第三人称单数，助动词用has，study的过去分词是studied，所以填has studied。
93．句意：“心灵之家”是一个面向儿童的课后项目。此处泛指“一个课后项目”，after - school是以元音音素开头的单词，要用不定冠词an修饰，所以填an。
94．句意：它为那些在学习上表现不佳的孩子提供一些额外的教育。固定搭配do well in表示“在……方面做得好”，good是形容词，此处需要用副词well修饰动词doing，因此填well。
95．句意：它为那些学业表现不佳的孩子提供一些额外辅导，并努力帮助他们养成良好的学习习惯。这里指改变那些孩子的学习习惯，habit是可数名词，前面有their修饰，their是形容词性物主代词的复数，所以“habit”需用复数形式“habits”。
96．句意：伊莎贝拉每周两次去“心灵之家”给孩子们上课。此处表示动作频率“每周两次”，要把基数词two改为频率副词twice，所以填twice。
97．句意：得益于伊莎贝拉的网站，现在每周都有超过一百名志愿者抽出约四小时的时间，陪伴“心灵之家”的孩子们。“more than”是固定短语，意为“超过”，符合语境，所以填than。
98．句意：每当我教那些孩子们学习的时候，总会涌起一股强烈的成就感。介词of后面需要接名词，successful是形容词，它的名词形式是success，a feeling of success表示“成就感”，因此填success。
99．句意：最棒的一点是，我也能从他们身上学到很多东西。介词from后面要接人称代词的宾格形式，they是主格，宾格形式是them，所以填them。
100．句意：毕业后我也不会放弃这份志愿工作。固定搭配give up doing sth表示“放弃做某事”，需要用动词volunteer的动名词形式volunteering，所以填volunteering。
101．But 102．changing 103．northern 104．climbing 105．stepped 106．finally 107．national 108．the 109．In 110．height
【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰作为世界最高峰的险峻条件，以及中国登山队于1960年首次从北坡登顶的壮举，后续的测量与研究也彰显了人类探索未知的勇气与好奇心。
【详解】101．句意：然而，只有顶级登山者才能到达其顶峰，因为他们必须首先在恶劣的条件下生存下来。前句说珠峰令人惊叹，后句说只有顶级登山者才能登顶，前后存在转折关系，应用But，意为“然而，但是”，句首首字母大写。
102．句意：登山者必须应对稀薄的空气、陡峭的悬崖和多变的天气。空处修饰名词weather，表示“多变的天气”，应用change的形容词形式changing，意为“变化的，多变的”。
103．句意：1960年之前，没有人从北坡到达过其顶峰，北坡甚至被称为“死亡之路”。空处修饰名词side，表示“北侧的，北面的”，应用north的形容词形式northern，意为“北部的，北侧的”。
104．句意：然而，一支中国登山队决心进行这次攀登。空处修饰名词team，表示“登山队”，应用climb的动名词climbing作定语，意为“登山的”。
105．句意：刘连满的队友踩在他的肩膀上，他们最终攀登了过去。step“踩，踏”，动词，描述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，应用过去式stepped。
106．句意：刘连满的队友踩在他的肩膀上，他们最终攀登了过去。空处修饰动词climbed，应用final的副词形式finally作状语，意为“最终，最后”。
107．句意：第二天凌晨4点20分，中国国旗首次飘扬在珠穆朗玛峰上空。空处修饰名词flag，表示“中国的”，应用nation的形容词形式national，意为“国家的，民族的”。
108．句意：第二天凌晨4点20分，中国国旗首次飘扬在珠穆朗玛峰上空。for the first time意为“第一次”，固定短语，应用定冠词the。
109．句意：2020年，中国研究人员测量出其精确高度为8848.86米。具体到某一年（2020），应用介词In，表示“在……年”，句首首字母大写。
110．句意：2020年，中国研究人员测量出其精确高度为8848.86米。空处作measured的宾语，应用high的名词形式height，意为“高度”。
111．suddenly 112．houses 113．looking 114．found 115．out 116．harder 117．safety 118．yourselves 119．successful 120．Though/Although
【导语】本文讲述小镇遭遇强震，房屋倒塌；救援队伍、志愿者奔赴灾区开展营救救助，学校开展防震安全教育。灾难虽摧毁许多事物，却拉近人与人之间的距离。
【详解】111．句意：镇上大多数人正在熟睡，一场强烈的地震突然来袭。修饰动词hit使用副词，sudden的副词形式是suddenly。
112．句意：大地剧烈摇晃，许多房屋倒塌。 many后接可数名词复数，house的复数是houses。
113．句意：早上六点，士兵们正在建筑物下搜寻被困人员。根据“At 6:00 a.m.”可知，此处用过去进行时（were + doing），look需变为looking。
114．句意：一名士兵告诉记者：“自我们到达以来，已经找到十名幸存者。” 根据“since we arrived”可知，此处应用现在完成时，助动词have后使用过去分词found。
115．句意：与此同时，志愿者清理街道、分发食物，为无家可归者搭建帐篷。hand out是固定短语，意为“分发”。
116．句意：一位名叫露西的年轻护士比其他人工作都更加努力。 than为比较级标志词，hard的比较级是harder。
117．句意：镇上一所学校里，老师们正在教孩子们一些安全技能。修饰名词skills，用名词safety作定语；safety skills意为“安全技能”。
118．句意：并且记住要先保护好你们自己。根据“teachers were teaching children”，此处指班上的孩子们，反身代词用yourselves。
119．句意：一名记者说：“这是我见过最成功的救援行动。” the most后接形容词构成最高级，success的形容词形式是successful。
120．句意：虽然地震摧毁了许多东西，但它让家人和邻里的心靠得更近。结合前后句关系，此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，用though/although，句首首字母大写。
121．an 122．hit 123．Suddenly 124．herself 125．to stay 126．ate 127．but 128．days 129．lucky 130．from
【导语】本文讲述滑雪爱好者辛迪遭遇暴风雪迷路，凭借从野外生存节目学到的知识自救，最终成功获救的经历。
【详解】121．句意：她是一名来自美国的18岁青少年。18-year-old发音以元音音素开头，可数名词单数前用不定冠词an。
122．句意：就在她准备回家时，一场强暴风雪袭击了这片区域。根据“When she was planning to go home”可知，此处用一般过去时，hit的过去式仍为hit。
123．句意：突然，她想起曾经在电视上看过野外生存节目《荒野求生》。 此处修饰整个句子，应使用副词，sudden的副词形式是Suddenly，句首首字母大写。
124．句意：她需要找个地方让自己保暖。此处表达“使她自己保暖”，使用反身代词herself。
125．句意：她把树枝铺在洞穴顶部来保暖。 此处用不定式作目的状语，表示铺树枝的目的，应填to stay。
126．句意：她吃雪，还喝河里的水。根据“and drank water”可知，此处用一般过去时，eat的过去式是ate。
127．句意：第二天辛迪外出寻求帮助，但是一个人也没有找到。根据语境可知，前后分句存在转折关系，用并列连词but。
128．句意：两天后，辛迪再一次外出。two后接可数名词复数，day的复数形式是days。
129．句意：辛迪觉得很幸运，自己是《荒野求生》的粉丝。 系动词felt后接形容词作表语，luck的形容词是lucky。
130．句意：她从节目中学到实用的知识，这些知识救了她的命。learn…from…是固定短语，意为“从……学到……”。
131．his 132．a 133．visitor 134．thankfully 135．unless 136．historical 137．volunteers 138．with 139．comfortable 140．has become
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述西安王先生家附近社区图书馆的日常，介绍常来阅读的读者、热心服务的老年志愿者，图书馆凭借贴心服务成为充满书香与温情的地方。
【详解】131．句意：他家小区里有一座小型社区图书馆，藏书近一万册。 此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词neighbourhood，括号内he对应的形容词性物主代词为his，故填his。
132．句意：这家图书馆是一处安静的场所，很多人都喜欢来这里看书。 place是可数名词单数，quiet以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a表泛指“一个”，故填a。
133．句意：75岁的王先生是这里的常客。 此处需要名词作表语，visit的指人名词visitor意为“访客、读者”，regular visitor为固定搭配“常客”，故填visitor。
134．句意：我热爱阅读，庆幸我家附近就有一座图书馆。 此处需要副词修饰整个句子，thankful的副词形式thankfully意为“庆幸地、幸好”，故填thankfully。
135．句意：另一位读者邵先生每天都会来图书馆看书，除非天气十分恶劣。 结合前后句逻辑，空格引导条件状语从句，unless意为“除非”，符合“天气不好就不来”的语义逻辑，故填unless。
136．句意：他在这里读完了大部分历史小说。 此处需要形容词修饰名词novels，history的形容词形式historical表示“历史的”，historical novels为固定搭配“历史小说”，故填historical。
137．句意：一群积极的志愿者在图书馆服务。 a group of后接可数名词复数，volunteer的复数形式为volunteers，故填volunteers。
138．句意：图书馆为大家配备宽大座椅、老花镜和热茶，让每个人都感到舒心。 固定搭配provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，因此填介词with。
139．句意：图书馆为大家配备宽大座椅、老花镜和热茶，让每个人都感到舒心。 系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，comfort的形容词形式comfortable意为“舒适的”，故填comfortable。
140．句意：久而久之，在志愿者日复一日的付出下，这座图书馆已然变成一处温暖友善、满是书香与善意的地方。 时间状语Over time是现在完成时标志，主语the library为单数，助动词用has，become过去分词仍为become，故填has become

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