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2026秋新版外研版八年级上册英语全册12篇课文预习导学案
Unit 6 When disaster strikes
Passage 1 Understanding ideas P85 A lost city
【学习目标】
词汇：disaster, shake, coach, sea, ash, flood, smoke, escape
短语：rush into, leave sb behind, spread like a flood, turn day into night, be covered in ash
句型：was/were doing…when… 过去进行时核心句型
语法：过去进行时；when/while区分
读懂小普林尼书信改编庞贝火山爆发灾难记叙文，掌握灾害场景表达
一、课文原文（挖空版）
A lost city
1 My mother and I ____________ (stay) in a town near Pompeii. The earth shook these days. That night, I ____________ (sleep) when the ground shook very hard. My mother rushed into my room ____________ (wake) me up. We had to stay outside for the night. My mother was so scared. She didn't shut her eyes for even one second. By six o'clock the next morning, many buildings ____________ (still shake). We decided ____________ (leave) the town.
2 The road was crowded. We were at a place out of town. Just then, shocking things happened. Our coach couldn't go straight ahead. It began ____________ (move) from side to side. The sea moved back suddenly, and many sea animals ____________ (leave) on the sand.
3 We noticed a very dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius. Soon, the cloud moved down and covered the sea. My mother asked me ____________ (continue) without her, but I refused ____________ (leave) her behind. We moved on while the cloud ____________ (spread) over the land like a flood. It turned day into night. The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers. All around us, women were calling, children ____________ (cry) and men were shouting. People ____________ (try) to find their families in the dark.
4 Thankfully, after a while, the daylight returned! Everything ____________ (cover) in ash, like the snow in winter. After a night of living between hope and fear, we had no thoughts of things to come.
二、单词过关
________ /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难
________ / e k/ v. 摇晃（过去式shook）
________ /k t / n. 马车
________ /si / n. 大海
________ / / n. 火山灰
________ /fl d/ n. 洪水
________ /sm k/ n. 烟雾
________ / ske p/ v. 逃离
三、核心短语
rush into one’s room ________________________
leave sb behind ________________________
spread like a flood ________________________
turn day into night ________________________
be covered in ash ________________________
四、长难句精讲
That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard.
翻译：________________________________________
考点：过去进行时+when打断动作
We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land.
翻译：________________________________________
考点：while后接延续进行动作
五、语法要点
过去进行时：单数________ doing；复数________ doing
when：短暂动作；while：延续进行动作
六、预习习题
1.词形填空
(1) I ________ (sleep) when the earth shook violently.
(2) While the cloud ________ (spread), people ran everywhere.
2.翻译
(1) 整座城市被厚厚的火山灰覆盖。
七、预习小结
掌握过去进行时when/while区分；自然灾害类阅读高频词
Passage 2 Developing ideas P92 Iron Girl
【学习目标】
词汇：disaster, artificial, bleed, hide, marathon, survivor, torch, brave
短语：come out from the shadows, half marathon, share one’s story, look forward, carry the torch
句型：定语从句、转折状语从句
语法：一般过去时描述人物人生经历；现在完成时描述人生改变
读懂汶川地震截肢女孩牛钰“钢铁女孩”励志故事，学会直面伤痛、勇敢成长
一、课文原文（挖空版）
Iron Girl
1 During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone's attention. Her name was Niu Yu. She ____________ (lose) her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. She was only 11 years old then.
2 Niu Yu used ____________ (be) in the school sports team. She loved running. But the disaster broke her dream. She had to live with an artificial leg. It wasn't comfortable, and her leg often ____________ (bleed). People's curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. She always tried ____________ (hide) her leg under jeans or dresses.
3 With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows. In 2018, right before her 21st birthday, she decided ____________ (stop) hiding her leg. To her surprise, she received lots of encouraging words. She also finished a half marathon in about 4 hours. She ____________ (complete) the hard 10 - year journey of finding herself again.
4 Now Niu Yu shares her story on social media. She listens to disaster survivors and encourages them ____________ (look) forward. In 2023, she carried the torch at the FISU World University Games. “It is a great honour for me," she said. “But it is also a good chance ____________ (show) people the power of being brave.”
5 A disaster can bring wounds and pain. But we should always face it with courage. As the writer Nora Ephron once said: “Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim.”
二、单词过关
________ /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难
________ / ɑ t f l/ adj. 人造的
________ /bli d/ v. 流血（过去式bled）
________ /ha d/ v. 隐藏
________ / m r θ n/ n. 马拉松
________ /s va v (r)/ n. 幸存者
________ /t t / n. 火炬
________ /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的；n. ________
三、核心短语
come out from the shadows ________________________
half marathon ________________________
share one’s story ________________________
encourage sb to look forward ________________________
carry the torch ________________________
四、长难句精讲
She used to be in the school sports team.
翻译：________________________________________
考点：used to do 过去常常（现在不再）
It is a good chance to show people the power of being brave.
翻译：________________________________________
考点：不定式作后置定语修饰chance
五、语法要点
used to do 过去常常；decide/encourage sb to do 不定式结构
六、预习习题
1.词形变换
(1) She ________ (lose) her leg in the 2008 earthquake.
(2) She decided ________ (stop) hiding her artificial leg.
2.翻译
(1) 灾难会带来伤痛，但我们要勇敢做自己人生的主角。参考答案
Passage 1 Understanding ideas P85 A lost city
一、课文原文挖空答案
were staying; was sleeping; to wake; were still shaking; to leave
to move; were left
to continue; to leave; was spreading; were crying; were trying
was covered
二、单词过关（音标 + 单词 + 变形）
disaster /d zɑ st (r)/n. 灾难
shake / e k/v. 摇晃（过去式 shook）
coach /k t /n. 马车
sea /si /n. 大海
ash / /n. 火山灰
flood /fl d/n. 洪水
smoke /sm k/n. 烟雾
escape / ske p/v. 逃离
三、核心短语 英汉互译
rush into one’s room 冲进某人房间
leave sb behind 丢下某人
spread like a flood 如洪水般蔓延开来
turn day into night 白昼变为黑夜
be covered in ash 被火山灰覆盖
四、长难句精讲 翻译答案
That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard.
翻译：那天夜里，我正在睡觉，大地突然剧烈晃动。
We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land.
翻译：我们继续前行，黑云在大地上不断蔓延。
五、语法要点填空答案
过去进行时：单数 was doing；复数 were doing
when：短暂动作；while：延续进行动作
六、预习习题完整答案
1. 词形填空
(1) I was sleeping when the earth shook violently.
(2) While the cloud was spreading, people ran everywhere.
2. 翻译
(1) The whole city was covered in thick ash.
七、预习小结
掌握过去进行时 when/while 区分；自然灾害类阅读高频词
Passage 2 Developing ideas P92 Iron Girl
一、课文原文挖空答案
lost
to be; bled; to hide
to stop; has completed
to look; to show
二、单词过关（音标 + 单词 + 变形）
disaster /d zɑ st (r)/n. 灾难
artificial / ɑ t f l/adj. 人造的
bleed /bli d/v. 流血（过去式 bled）
hide /ha d/v. 隐藏
marathon / m r θ n/n. 马拉松
survivor /s va v (r)/n. 幸存者
torch /t t /n. 火炬
brave /bre v/adj. 勇敢的；n. bravery
三、核心短语 英汉互译
come out from the shadows 走出阴霾
half marathon 半程马拉松
share one’s story 分享自己的经历
encourage sb to look forward 鼓励某人向前看
carry the torch 传递火炬
四、长难句精讲 翻译答案
She used to be in the school sports team.
翻译：她以前是校运动队的一员。
It is a good chance to show people the power of being brave.
翻译：这是一个向人们展现勇敢力量的好机会。
五、语法要点填空答案
used to do 过去常常；decide/encourage sb to do 不定式结构
六、预习习题完整答案
1. 词形变换
(1) She lost her leg in the 2008 earthquake.
(2) She decided to stop hiding her artificial leg.
2. 翻译
(1) Disasters bring pain, but we should always be the heroines of our own lives.

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