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Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Section A (Grammar Focus) 教案
—— Home Sweet Home Grammar Focus（人教版八年级上册 2026-2027学年）
课题 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Section A (Grammar Focus) 学科 英语
年级 八年级 教材版本 人教版（2024）
课时 第 1 课时 课型 语法课
教学方法 PPP教学法、归纳式语法教学法 教学用具 多媒体课件、黑板、粉笔
学情分析 八年级学生在前两课中已学习本单元的家务话题词汇和家庭生活背景，对 can 表示"能力"和"许可"的用法已有初步认识，但在实际交际中较少使用 Could you please... 等委婉请求句型，容易用 "I want to..." 直接表达需求。本课 Grammar Focus 聚焦情态动词 can/could 表示请求和许可的用法，学生需要理解两种句型的区别：Can/Could you... 是请求别人做某事，Can/Could I... 是请求许可自己做某事。
教学目标 ①语言能力：掌握情态动词 can/could 表示请求和许可的核心句型（Can/Could you please do sth / Can/Could I do sth ），能在真实情境中正确使用 these 句型提出请求和请求许可。掌握短语 be careful with, take notes, ask sb to do sth 的用法。②学习能力：通过观察、归纳、对比的方式发现语法规则，培养自主归纳能力。③思维品质：区分"请求别人做某事（Request）"与"请求许可自己做某事（Permission）"的语义差异，培养分析对比思维。④文化意识：了解英语文化中使用委婉语气表达请求的交际礼仪，增强跨文化交际意识。
教学重难点 重点：掌握 Can/Could you (please) do sth （请求别人做某事）和 Can/Could I do sth （请求许可）两种句型及应答方式；能正确区分 R（Request）与 P（Permission）。难点：Could you please not do sth 否定形式的理解和运用；在真实情境中灵活选择 can 或 could 表达不同礼貌程度的请求。
一、教学过程
Step 1 Warm-up（热身导入）（3~5 min）
【教师活动】T: Good morning, class! Today we are going to learn about how to make polite requests in English. Before we start, let's look at two sentences and compare them. Which one do you think is more polite (教师展示幻灯片上的两组句子)
【学生活动】Ss: (学生观看幻灯片上的对比句子)
【教师活动】T: Look at the first sentence: 'I want to borrow your markers, Miss Lee.' And the second one: 'Can / Could I borrow your markers, Miss Lee ' Which sounds more polite
【学生活动】Ss: The second one! 'Can / Could I borrow your markers ' is more polite!
【教师活动】T: Excellent! When we want something, saying 'I want to...' sounds too direct and impolite. We should use 'Can I... ' or 'Could I... ' to ask politely. Now look at more examples. (教师展示第二组对比)
礼貌用语对比：I want to... vs Can/Could I...
【教师活动】T: Here we have another comparison: 'I want to borrow your markers, Miss Lee.' vs 'Can / Could I borrow your markers, Miss Lee ' Which one is more polite
【学生活动】Ss: The one with 'Can / Could'! It shows more respect.
【教师活动】T: That's right! In English, we use modal verbs like 'can' and 'could' to make our requests more polite. Notice that 'Could' is even more polite than 'Can'. Let's remember this: Can/Could you (please) do sth means asking someone to do something for you. Can/Could I do sth means asking for permission to do something yourself.
礼貌用语对比续：less polite vs more polite
【过渡语】非常好！同学们已经初步感受到 can/could 在表达请求时的礼貌程度差异。接下来让我们进入 Grammar Focus 环节，通过具体的句子来进一步学习这两种句型的用法。
Step 2 Presentation（知识呈现）（10~15 min）
Grammar Focus 3a（读写判断 R/P）
Grammar Focus 3a：Read the questions with can or could
【教师活动】T: Now let's look at Grammar Focus 3a. Read the questions with 'can' or 'could'. Notice how they are answered. Then write 'R' for requests or 'P' for permission next to each question. Let's read the first question together.
【学生活动】Ss: 'Could you please sweep the floor '
【教师活动】T: Good! This is asking someone else to do something — you are making a request. So this is 'R' for request. And the answer is 'OK, Mum. I'll do it at once.' Now let's look at the second one.
【学生活动】Ss: 'Could I hang out with my friends after lunch '
3a 续：Pay attention to the circled words
【教师活动】T: This one uses 'Could I' — the speaker is asking to do something themselves. This is 'P' for permission. The answer is 'Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first.' Let's continue with the third and fourth questions.
【学生活动】Ss: 'Can I put some flowers on the table ' — This is 'P' for permission! / 'Can you help me hang up the photos ' — This is 'R' for request!
【教师活动】T: Excellent! You've got it right! Let me summarize the key difference for you.
【知识点】区分请求（Request）和许可（Permission）的核心方法：看主语。Can/Could you... 主语是 you，是请求对方做某事，标记为 R（Request）；Can/Could I... 主语是 I，是请求对方允许自己做某事，标记为 P（Permission）。
【过渡语】同学们已经能够准确区分 R（Request）和 P（Permission）了。下面让我们用 Let's summarize 来系统归纳这两种句型。
Let's summarize!（句型归纳）
Let's summarize: 提出要求 — Can you / Could you please...
【教师活动】T: Let's summarize the patterns for making requests. When we want someone to do something, we use 'Can you... ' or 'Could you please... '. For example, 'Can you help me sort out the books ' and 'Could you please add some fruit to the plate ' Both sentences are used for requesting others to do something.
【学生活动】Ss: Can you help me sort out the books Could you please add some fruit to the plate
【教师活动】T: Notice that 'Could you please...' is more polite than 'Can you...'. The word 'please' adds extra politeness. Now let's look at the pattern for asking permission — 'Can I... ' or 'Could I... '
【学生活动】Ss: (学生跟读例句) Can I plan a treasure hunt in the yard Could I go shopping to buy some biscuits this afternoon
【知识点】请求和许可的两大句型归纳：① Can/Could you (please) do sth — 用于请求别人做某事（Request）；② Can/Could I do sth — 用于请求别人允许自己做某事（Permission）。Could 比 Can 更委婉礼貌。
【过渡语】我们已经归纳了请求和许可两种核心句型。接下来让我们深入学习情态动词 can/could 的详细用法。
语法详解：情态动词 can/could 表示请求和许可
语法详解标题：情态动词 can/could 的请求与许可用法
【教师活动】T: Now let's learn the detailed usage of modal verbs 'can' and 'could' for making requests and asking permission. There are four main patterns we need to master.
【学生活动】Ss: (学生翻开课本，准备记录笔记)
用法一：Can you do sth — 请求别人做某事
【教师活动】T: Pattern 1: Can you do sth This is the most common way to ask someone to do something. It's polite but casual. For example: 'Can you help me clean the room ' 'Can you pass me the salt ' Read after me, please.
【学生活动】Ss: Can you help me clean the room Can you pass me the salt
用法二：Could you please do sth — 更委婉地请求
【教师活动】T: Pattern 2: Could you please do sth This is more polite and formal. We use it when we talk to teachers, parents, or people we don't know well. 'Could you please take out the rubbish ' 'Could you please open the window ' Notice we add 'please' after 'could you' to make it even more polite.
【学生活动】Ss: Could you please take out the rubbish Could you please open the window
【重点强调】could 不是过去式！
在请求句型中，"Could you... " 中的 could 不是 can 的过去式，而是用来表示更委婉、更礼貌的语气。两者都用于现在时态的请求。例如："Could you help me now " 不是说过去的事情。
用法三：Can/Could I do sth — 请求许可
【教师活动】T: Pattern 3: Can/Could I do sth This is used when you want to ask for permission to do something. 'Can I use your pen ' 'Could I go to the restroom ' The answer can be positive or negative.
【学生活动】Ss: Can I use your pen Could I go to the restroom
【教师活动】T: Let's look at possible answers. Positive answers: 'Yes, sure.' 'Of course.' 'Yes, good idea!' Negative answers: 'Sorry, but you have to... first.' 'I'm afraid not.' 'No, you can't.'
用法四：Could you please not do sth — 否定请求
【教师活动】T: Pattern 4: Could you please not do sth This is the negative form. We use it to politely ask someone NOT to do something. For example: 'Could you please not make so much noise ' 'Could you please not smoke here ' The 'not' comes before the verb.
【学生活动】Ss: Could you please not make so much noise Could you please not smoke here
【知识点】用法四：Could you please not do sth — 委婉请求别人不要做某事。注意 not 的位置：在 please 之后、动词原形之前，即 "Could you please not do sth "，不要写成 "Could you not please do sth "。
【易错提示】not 的位置
否定请求中 not 的位置是关键：正确形式是 "Could you please not do sth "，not 放在 please 之后。错误写法："Could you not please do sth " 或 "Could please you not do sth "。
拓展：can/could 的其他用法
【教师活动】T: Besides requests and permission, 'can' and 'could' have other uses. Let's briefly go through them. First, 'can' for ability: 'I can swim.' Second, 'could' for suggestions: 'You could try again.' Third, 'can/could' for possibility: 'It can be cold in winter.' These are for future reference.
【学生活动】Ss: (学生记录拓展内容)
【知识拓展】can/could 的四种常见用法
① 表示能力：I can speak English. She could read when she was four. ② 表示请求/许可：Can you help me Could I borrow your pen ③ 表示建议：You could try asking your teacher. ④ 表示推测：It can be very cold here in winter.（could 的可能性更低）
【过渡语】很好，我们已经系统学习了情态动词 can/could 表示请求和许可的四种核心用法及拓展。接下来进入操练环节，通过练习来巩固所学。
Step 3 Practice（操练巩固）（15~20 min）
Practice 3b（选择最佳问句完成对话）
Practice 3b：Choose the best question
【教师活动】T: Now let's do Practice 3b. Read each conversation and choose the best question to complete it. Think about whether the situation needs a Request (R) or Permission (P), and whether to use 'can' or 'could'.
【学生活动】Ss: (学生独立完成 3b 选择题)
Practice 3b 续：对话选择题
【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers. For the first dialogue, a student is talking to a teacher. Which question is best
【学生活动】Ss: Could I leave early today, Mr. Wang Because it's more polite to use 'Could' with a teacher.
【教师活动】T: Excellent! When we talk to teachers or people in authority, we should use 'Could' to be more polite. What about the second one
【学生活动】Ss: Can you pass me the water, please
【教师活动】T: Right! With friends or family, 'Can you... ' is natural and appropriate. Now let's check all the answers together.
【判断技巧】选择 can 还是 could
选择 can 还是 could 取决于交际对象的身份和关系的亲疏：对长辈、老师、不熟悉的人用 could 更礼貌；对同学、朋友、家人用 can 即可。同时注意区分请求（you）和许可（I）。
Practice 3c（情景对话编创）
Practice 3c：情景对话编创活动
【教师活动】T: Now for Practice 3c. Work in pairs. Create your own dialogues using 'Can/Could you...' or 'Can/Could I...' based on the situations given. Each pair should write at least two dialogues: one for making a request and one for asking permission.
【学生活动】Ss: (学生两人一组，根据情景编创对话)
Practice 3c 续：学生编创对话展示
【学生活动】Ss: A: Could you please help me carry these books B: Sure, no problem! / A: Could I use your dictionary B: Of course. Here you are. / A: Can you close the door, please B: OK. A: Could I open the window B: Yes, good idea!
【教师活动】T: Excellent! You combined both request and permission in your dialogues. Well done!
【过渡语】同学们的对话编创非常出色，能灵活运用 can/could 提出请求和请求许可。接下来我们学习几个重要的语言点。
Language Points（语言点讲解）（5~8 min）
Language Point 1: be careful with 用法
【教师活动】T: Let's look at the first language point: be careful with. This phrase means 'to be cautious when dealing with something'. For example: 'Be careful with the glasses — they are very fragile.' Can you make a sentence
【学生活动】Ss: Be careful with the knife when you cut the apple.
【学生活动】Ss: Please be careful with my new camera.
【知识点】be careful with sth 意为"小心对待某物；注意某事"。with 是介词，后接名词或代词。常见搭配：be careful with fire（小心火）、be careful with your words（注意你的言辞）、be careful with the money（注意保管钱）。
Language Point 2: take notes 用法
【教师活动】T: The second phrase is 'take notes'. It means to write down important information while listening or reading. For example: 'Please take notes in class.' We can also say 'make notes' or 'write notes'. They mean the same thing. Read after me: take notes, make notes, write notes.
【学生活动】Ss: take notes! make notes! write notes!
【知识点】take notes / make notes / write notes 均表示"记笔记"。注意 take notes 中的 notes 必须用复数形式（note 的复数是 notes），表示"多条笔记"。搭配：take good notes（认真记笔记）、take notes of sth（把某事记下来）。
【易错提示】notes 的复数形式
take note 和 take notes 含义不同：take note（单数）意为"注意到"，如 take note of the warning；take notes（复数）意为"记笔记"。课文中使用的是 take notes（复数形式），表示做笔记。
Language Point 3: ask sb to do sth 用法
【教师活动】T: The last phrase is 'ask sb to do sth'. It means to request someone to do something. For example: 'The teacher asks us to read the text aloud.' Notice the structure: ask + person + to do + action. Can you try
【学生活动】Ss: Mum asks me to clean my room every day.
【学生活动】Ss: Miss Lee asked Jim to answer the question.
【知识点】ask sb to do sth 意为"要求某人做某事"。结构为 ask + 宾语 + to do sth，to do 是动词不定式作宾语补足语。否定形式：ask sb not to do sth（要求某人不要做某事），如 The teacher asks us not to be late. 相关结构：tell sb to do sth（告诉某人做某事）、invite sb to do sth（邀请某人做某事）。
【过渡语】三个语言点都讲解完毕。接下来进入当堂练习环节，检测大家的掌握情况。
Step 4 Exercises（当堂检测）（8~10 min）
Exercises：单项选择
【教师活动】T: Let's do the exercises. First, four multiple choice questions. Read each question carefully and choose the best answer.
1. —________ you please sweep the floor
—OK, Mum. I'll do it at once.
A. Do B. Are C. Could D. Will
【学生活动】Ss: 1. → C (Could) "Could you please sweep the floor " 是请求别人做某事的委婉句型。
2. —Could I hang out with my friends after lunch
—________, but you have to pack up your things first.
A. Yes, you could B. Sorry C. No, you don't D. Yes, you are
【学生活动】Ss: 2. → B (Sorry) 用 Sorry 表示委婉拒绝，后接 but 说明原因。
3. The teacher asks us ________ notes in class.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took
【学生活动】Ss: 3. → C (to take) ask sb to do sth 结构，用动词不定式 to take。
4. Please be careful ________ the glass. It's very fragile.
A. of B. with C. at D. for
【学生活动】Ss: 4. → B (with) be careful with sth 表示"小心对待某物"。
【判断技巧】单选题解题策略
做情态动词相关单选题时，先判断句意是"请求别人做某事"还是"请求许可自己做某事"，确定 R 还是 P；再根据交际对象的身份选择 can 或 could；最后检查语法结构是否正确。
Exercises：完成句子
【教师活动】T: Now let's do the sentence completion plete each sentence using the correct form of the words given.
1. Could you please ________ (not make) so much noise The baby is sleeping.
【学生活动】Ss: 1. → not make "Could you please not do sth " 否定形式。
2. Please ________ (take) notes when you listen to the teacher.
【学生活动】Ss: 2. → take 祈使句用动词原形。
3. Mum asks me ________ (be) careful with the dishes.
【学生活动】Ss: 3. → to be ask sb to do sth 结构。
4. —________ I borrow your pen
—Sure. Here you are.
【学生活动】Ss: 4. → Can / Could 表示请求许可，用 Can I 或 Could I 均可。
【重点强调】Could you please not do sth
这是本课最重要的语法结构之一：否定请求句型。结构为 Could + you + please + not + do sth。注意 not 的位置在 please 之后、动词原形之前，千万不要放错位置。这个句型在考试中经常出现。
Step 5 Summary & Homework（总结与作业）（2~3 min）
Summary：本课重点内容总结
【教师活动】T: Let's summarize what we learned today. First, the two main sentence patterns for requests and permission. Read after me!
【学生活动】Ss: Can you do sth — 请求别人做某事。/ Could you please do sth — 更委婉地请求别人做某事。/ Can I do sth — 请求许可自己做某事。/ Could I do sth — 更委婉地请求许可。/ Could you please not do sth — 委婉请求别人不要做某事。
【教师活动】T: Good! Now the key language points: be careful with, take notes, ask sb to do sth. Let's review them.
【学生活动】Ss: be careful with — 小心对待某物。/ take notes — 记笔记。/ ask sb to do sth — 要求某人做某事。
【知识点】本课核心语法框架：情态动词 can/could 在交际中的两大功能——① 请求（Request）：Can/Could you (please) do sth / Could you please not do sth ② 许可（Permission）：Can/Could I do sth can 和 could 的区别不在时态，而在礼貌程度：could 更委婉。三大语言点：be careful with, take notes, ask sb to do sth。
【过渡语】通过今天的学习，我们掌握了情态动词 can/could 表示请求和许可的用法，学会了如何在不同的交际场合选择恰当的礼貌表达方式。
Homework：课后作业任务
【教师活动】T: Now for today's homework: 1. Copy and memorize the four sentence patterns we learned today. 2. Write four sentences using can/could: two for making requests and two for asking permission. 3. Complete the exercises on the worksheet. See you next class!
【学生活动】Ss: OK! See you next class!
二、板书设计（三栏式）
Request（请求别人做某事） Permission（请求许可自己做某事） Key Language Points
Can you do sth
Could you please do sth
Could you please NOT do sth Can I do sth
Could I do sth be careful with sth.
take / make / write notes
ask sb to do sth
回答：Sure. / OK.
No problem. / Of course.
Sorry, but... 回答：Yes, sure.
Go ahead.
Sorry, but... / I'm afraid not. R: you → Request
P: I → Permission
could 更委婉礼貌
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home
Section A (Grammar Focus)
三、教学反思
1. 在 Warming up 环节，学生对"礼貌用语对比"的直观感受是否强烈？能否意识到"I want to..."在日常交际中的不恰当性？
2. Grammar Focus 3a 中，学生判断 R/P 的准确率如何？是否还有学生混淆 Can you... 和 Can I... 的用法？
3. 语法详解环节四种用法的讲解顺序是否合理？学生对 Could you please not do sth 否定形式的掌握情况如何？
4. Practice 3b 选择题的完成情况如何？学生能否根据交际对象身份正确选择 can 或 could？
5. Practice 3c 情景对话编创中，学生的参与度和创造性如何？对话内容是否自然流畅？
6. 三个语言点（be careful with, take notes, ask sb to do sth）的讲解是否清晰？学生在完成句子练习中是否准确运用？
7. 单选题第 2 题（委婉拒绝的回答方式）和第 3 题（ask sb to do sth）的错误率如何？是否需要针对性讲解？
8. 本课时间分配是否合理？热身导入、语法讲解、操练巩固和当堂检测各环节的时间是否充裕？
9. 学生在课堂上记笔记的意识和能力如何？take notes 这个语言点是否起到了引导作用？
10. 课后作业的布置是否合理？难度是否适中？是否需要补充额外的练习材料？

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