(初中新课标要求掌握的时态)中考英语专题复习---动词时态

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(初中新课标要求掌握的时态)中考英语专题复习---动词时态

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动词不规则变化表
(注:为方使查阅,表中的单词按首字母顺序排列。)
1.A一A一A型(共10个)
汉语释义
原形
过去式
过去分词
花费
cost/kDst/
cost /kDst/
cost /kpst/
切:割
cut /kAV
cut/kAt/
cut /kAV/
击:撞
hit /hIv
hit /hIt/
hit /hIt/
伤害
hurt /h3:(r)v/
hurt /h3:(r)v/
hurt /h3:(r)t/

let /lev
let /let/
let /let/

put/put/
put /put/
put/put/

read /ri:d/
read /red/
read /red/
树立
set/set/
set/set/
set/set/
关闭
shut /fAt/
shut /fAt/
shut /fAt/
传播
spread/spred/
spread /spred/
spread/spred/
2.A-B-A型(共3个)
汉语释义
原形
过去式
过去分词
成为
become /bI'kAm/
became /bI'keim/
become /bI'kam/

come /kAm/
came /keim/
come /kAm/

run /rAn/
ran /reen/
run /rAn/
3.A-B-B型(共49个)
汉语释义
原形
过去式
过去分词
流血;出血
bleed /bli:d/
bled /bled/
bled /bled/
带来
bring/brin/
brought /broit/
brought /bro:t/
建造
build /bild/
built /bilv/
built /bilt/
burned /b3:(r)nd/;
burned /b3:(r)nd/;
燃烧
burn /b31(r)n/
burnt /b3:(r)nt/
burnt /b3:(r)nt/
buy /bar/
bought/boit/
bought/bo:t/
捉;抓
catch /keet[/
caught /koI/
caught /ko:t/
对付;对待
deal /dirl/
dealt /delt/
dealt /delt/

dig/dIg/
dug/dag/
dug/dag/
做梦
dreamed /drirmd/;
dreamed /dri:md/;
dream /drim/
dreamt /dremt/
dreamt /dremt/
喂养
feed /fird/
fed /fed/
fed/fed/
感到
feel/fi:l/
felt/felt/
felt/felt/
74
1时态
时态=动作的时间+动作的状态
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 一般现在时(do/does) 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 现在完成时(have/has done) 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
过去 一般过去时(did) 过去进行时(was/were+doing) 过去完成时(had done) 过去完成进行时(had been doing)
将来 一般将来时(will do) 将来进行时(will be doing) 将来完成时(will have done) 将来完成进行时(will have been doing)
过去将来 一般过去将来时(would do) 过去将来进行时(would be doing) 过去将来完成时(would have done) 过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)
一般现在时 be动词:主语+am/is/are+表语实义动词:主语+do/does+其它
一般过去时 be动词:主语+ was/were +表语实义动词:主语+did+其它主语+used to + do sth.“过去常常做某事”
一般将来时 1. be going to + do主语+am/is/are going to+ do +其他2. will/shall + do(shall只能用在第一人称,主语是I/we)主语+ will + do +其他 (I/We+ shall + do +其他)3. be about +to do 意为“马上做某事;即将做某事”
现在进行时 主语+ am/is/are + doing +其他
过去进行时 主语+ was/were + doing +其他
现在完成时 主语+have/has+ done +其他
现在完成进行时 主语+have/has+ been + doing +其他
过去完成时 主语+had+ done +其他
一般过去将来时 主语+would+ do +其他
一般现在时
用法 (1)经常发生的动作(状态)、现在的状态、客观真理。(2)表示按时间表拟定的或安排好到时就发生的动作或事情,即一般现在时表将来,但限于少数动词,如:come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, finish, continue, begin, start, return, open, close等。 The train comes at 3 o’clock. 火车三点钟到。 Tomorrow is Sunday. 明天是星期天。 Next week they leave for Shanghai. 下周他们动身去上海。 (3)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时(主将从现)。I’ll help you as soon as you have problem. 只要你有困难我就会帮助你。
句型结构 (一)be动词类型肯定句:主语+am/is/are+其它。I am a girl. She is my sister.否定句:I’m not/主语+isn’t/aren’t+其他。He is a worker. → He is not a worker.一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are +主语+其它?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+am/is/are. 否定回答:No, 主语+isn’t/aren’t. No, I’m not. ---Is she a teacher ---Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ is/are +主语+其它 Where is my bike?(二)实义动词类型肯定句:主语+do/does+其它。当主语为第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式。We study English. She likes apples. 否定句:主语+ don’t/doesn’t +do +其它。I don’t like bread. She doesn’t go to the park.一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+do+其它 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答:No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t.---Does he often play basketball?---Yes, he does/No, he doesn’t.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+do+其它 How does he go to school?
(标志性)时间状语 every day/week,once a week
一般过去时
用法 (1)过去发生的动作或者状态.Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. (2)用于since从句,主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时,其后接的since引导的从句一般须用一般过去时。It’s been over a year since I came back from the countryside.
句型结构 (一)be动词类型肯定句:主语+ was/were +其它。 Our school trip was good last week.否定句:主语+ was/were + not(wasn’t/weren’t) +其它。 Our school trip wasn’t good last week.一般疑问句:Was/Were +主语+其它?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t. ---Was your school trip good last week ---Yes, it was. ---No, it wasn’t.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语+其它 How was your school trip (二)实义动词类型肯定句:主语+did+其它。 They had a good time yesterday.否定句:主语+ didn’t +do +其它。 They didn’t have a good time yesterday.一般疑问句:Did+主语+do+其它 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:No, 主语+didn’t. ---Did you have a good time yesterday ---Yes, we did. ---No, we didn’t.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+do+其它 What did you do yesterday
(标志性)时间状语 一段时间+ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才),last week/year/night/month/...,long ago,once upon a time(从前),in+过去的时间(in1993),at that time,the other day(前几天;几天前;前两天),in the past(过去,以前)。
一般将来时
用法 将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态
句型结构 (一)be going to + do类型肯定句:主语+am/is/are going to+ do +其他.She is going to watch a movie the day after tomorrow. 否定句:主语+am/is/are not going to+ do +其他.I am not going to play basketball tomorrow. She isn’t going to visit Shanghai next year. 一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+ do +其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ am/is/are.否定回答:No, 主语+ isn’t/aren’t. / No, I’m not.---Are you going to see your grandfather tomorrow ---Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.---Is she going to Beijing next year ---Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am/is/are +主语+ going to + do +其他 What are you going to do tomorrow (二)will/shall + do类型说明:(1) will是万能的,shall只能用在第一人称,主语是I/we; (2) will not=won't shall not=shan't (3)人称代词做主语可以和will进行缩写;I will=I’ll肯定句:主语+ will + do +其他. I will go to school the day after tomorrow.She will see a movie next week.否定句:主语+ will not/won’t + do +其他. (I/We+ shall not/shan’t + do +其他.)I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow.She won’t see a movie next week.一般疑问句:Will+主语+ do +其他 (Shall+I/we+ do +其他 )肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ will.否定回答:No, 主语+ won’t. ---Will she teach us this term ---Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+will+主语+ do +其他 (特殊疑问词+ shall + I/We + do +其他 ) What will you do this summer vacation
(标志性)时间状语 tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天),next year/month/week(下一个......),from now on(从今往后),in+未来的时间;in+一段时间(…之后),in the future(将来)。
现在进行时
用法 (1)表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行的动作。 My sister is talking on the phone. 我姐姐正在通过电话交谈。(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。We are working in a factory these days. 这几天我们在一家工厂工作。 (3)现在进行时表将来:表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常与come来,go去,leave离开,start开始,begin开始,arrive到达,depart离开,stay逗留等少数动词连用。They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。(4)现在进行时表示强烈的感彩:与always总是,usually通常,continually不断的,constantly经常的,forever永远、老是等副词连用时,表示说话人的赞扬、不满、厌烦等情绪,带有强烈的感彩。He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。
句型结构 肯定句:主语+ am/is/are + doing +其他.I am listening to the music now. 否定句:主语+ am/is/are + not + doing +其他.I am not listening to the music now. 一般疑问句:Is/Am/Are +主语+ doing +其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ is/am/are.定否回答:No, 主语+ isn’t/aren’t. / No, I’m not.---Are you reading books ---Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ is/am/are +主语+ doing +其他 What are they doing
(标志性)时间状语 now,right now,It’s+时间点。
过去进行时
用法 (1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 I was doing my homework at 9:00 yesterday evening. (2)表示过去某段时间内一直在进行的动作。I was doing my homework from 9:00 to 11:00 yesterday evening.
句型结构 肯定句:主语 + was / were + doing+其他.I was swimming at that time. 否定句:主语 + wasn’t / weren’t + doing+其他.They weren’t listening to music at ten yesterday morning.一般疑问句:Was / Were +主语+ doing+其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ was / were.定否回答:No, 主语+ wasn’t / weren’t.---Was Joe reading at the time of the rainstorm ---Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ was / were + 主语 + doing+其他 Where was Joe reading at the time of the rainstorm
(标志性)时间状语 at nine o’clock yesterday,from nine to ten last evening
现在完成时
用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响(强调结果)。 I have just finished my home work.(2)表示某一动作或状态从过去开始,持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去(只有延续性动词有此用法,否定句除外)(强调动作的持续性)。I have lived here for 10 years.
句型结构 肯定句:主语+ have/has+done +其他.I have found my pen. 否定句:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t+done +其他.I haven’t found my pen. 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+ done +其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+have/has.否定回答:No, 主语+haven't/hasn't. ---Have you found your pen ---Yes, I have. ---No, I haven’t ---Has he finished his homework ---Yes, he has. ---No, he hasn’t.特殊疑问句:疑问词+have/has+主语+ done+其他 Where have you found you pen
(标志性)时间状语 (1)already(已经),yet,never(从未),ever(曾经),just(刚刚),before(以前),recently(最近)(2)for+一段时间;since十过去的时间点;since+一段时间+ago;since+从句(一般过去时)so far = up to now = till now(到目前为止)over the years(近几年来;在过去的几年里)over/in the last/past few/基数词+years/days/months...
“have/has been to+地点名词”与“have/has gone to+地点名词”的区别
have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地” 强调现在已经回来,不在那里了
have/has gone to 表示“去了某地” 强调现在还没有回来,可能在去的途中,也可能在目的地
She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(现在不在上海)
She has gone to Shanghai. 她去上海了。(现在在上海或去上海的途中)
动词变化形式
动词的三单形式变化规则
1. 一般的直接+s,清辅音后发音为/s/,浊辅音后面发音为/z/。 stop-stops make-makesread-reads play-plays
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再+es,发音为/iz/。 study-studies carry-carries worry-worries
3. 以“s、x、ch、sh”结尾的+es,发音为/iz/。 teach-teaches watch-watcheswash-washes
4. 不规则变化:go-goes do-does have-has
动词的过去式变化规则:分为规则动词和不规则动词
规则动词的过去式变化规则:(直去双改)
1. 一般的直接+ed。 work-worked finished play-played
2. 以不发音的e结尾动词,直接+d。 live-lived like-liked decide-decided
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再+ed(辅元辅)。 stop-stopped plan-planned shop-shopped
4. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再+ed。 try-tried study-studied worry-worried
在清辅音后读/t/,在元音和浊辅音后读/d/,在辅音/t/,/d/后读/id/。
不规则动词需特殊记忆(末尾附不规则动词表)
动词的过去分词变化规则
规则动词的过去分词构成规则与其过去式构成规则相同(直去双改)
不规则动词需特殊记忆(末尾附不规则动词表)
现在分词的构成(v-ing)
1. 一般的直接加+ing。 stay---staying do---doinglisten---listening
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再+ing。 make---making take---takinggive---giving ride---riding
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再+ing。重读;辅元辅(音节);该音节中元音字母不发本音 put---putting sit---sitting run---runningcut---cutting stop---stopping begin---beginning win---winning
4. 特殊词:lie--lying说谎,躺 tie--tying捆,系,绑 die--dying死

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