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(共27张PPT)
Language Points
Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs
Unit 12
Lead-in
Enjoy a short video
【Learning Objectives】
1. To read the passage again and review the main idea.
2. To identify and analyze some language points in the passage.
【Key and Difficult Points】
1. Master some language points in the passage.
2. Analyze the difficult sentences in this period.
Thinking
Task 1 Read the passage and underline the expressions
and sentences you don’t know.
Task 2 Analyze the key sentences and fill the blanks.
Comment
1. If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you __________ (have) a real problem on your hands.
if引导的虚拟语气，表达与现在事实相反的假设。
if引导的从句谓语用一般过去时，主句谓语用would+动词原形
have sth. on one’s hands手头有某事待处理（指困难的事情、问题等）
would have
II. Analyze the key sentences and fill the blanks.
如果必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可是件棘手的事。
2. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs __________ donated ones.
range from… to…范围从…到…
with
stage operation施行手术
医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
replace A with B用B替换A
ones代指organs
3. We started flying around the world, __________ (launch) satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
launching
我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
figure out
搞清楚，弄明白
think A to be B 认为A是B
A be thought to be B A被认为是B
过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰atom原子
4. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single __________ a few pioneers of the 20th century.
out
单独挑出
尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。
5. In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby __________ he was suddenly inspired.
rock vt.&vi.(使)轻轻摇晃，缓缓摆动
be doing...when... 正在做某事，这时突然
when
1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人正在给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。
6. He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria _______________________ (destroy).
v.复查，复核，仔细检查
had been destroyed
经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。
n. 霉菌
“介词+关系代词” 引导定语从句;which指代前面先行词mould
7. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, __________ Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.
which
这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。
n.状态
vt. 感知；认为
which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代penicillin
这里的 which 是一个关系代词，它同时承担了两个关键角色：
连接主句和定语从句（指代先行词 penicillin）；
在宾语从句中充当主语（即宾语从句的主语是 which = penicillin）
“定语从句嵌套宾语从句”: 宾语从句的主语由关系代词 which 兼任。
总结省略条件：当同时满足以下两点时，宾语从句的连词（that）必须省略
动词 perceived 后本应接一个完整宾语从句:that penicillin could be used...
但 penicillin 已被关系代词 which 指代，因此直接用 which 替代 penicillin 作宾语从句的主语。 连词 that 因与 which 冲突，必须省略。
(1)宾语从句嵌套在定语从句中；
(2)关系代词（如 which/who/that）在宾语从句中充当主语。
8. With computers __________ (talk) to one another, it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.
talking
计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。
talk vi.(用信号、数字等)交流，传递信息
enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
9. These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to __________ (improve) the quality of human life on Earth.
improving
这些20 世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。
be dedicated to+n./doing 致力于…
10. Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”, with all the different countries __________ (link) in the chain of common interests.
linked
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语与宾补为逻辑上的动宾关系,宾补用过去分词形式
共同利益
11. There is no doubt about it. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky __________ planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
or
毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
There is/was no doubt about/ that…
毫无疑问…
无论…还是…
without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.(P53，Para.7)
Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.(P53，Para.7)
如果没有这些科技先驱取得的突破，不管这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
结构分析：此句是复合句。
without引导含蓄虚拟条件句，表示对过去、现在或将来的虚拟；
whether lucky or planned是状语从句的省略结构，
省略了the breakthroughs are；
as we know it today是定语从句，修饰先行词the world。
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中没有条件句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。
常见的介词短语:
(1) without...“如果没有……”；
(2) but for...“要不是……”；
(3) 常用连词有or/otherwise“否则(要不然)”等。
(1)她告诉我如果没有我的帮助，她考试就不及格了。
She told me without my help， .
(2)要不是这些伟大的科学创新，我们现在的生活就不会这么便利。
But for these great scientific innovations，___________________________
________.
(3)我们不知道他的电话号码，要不然我们就给他打电话了。
We didn’t know his telephone number，_____________________________
_____.
she would have failed in the examination
we couldn’t live such a convenient
life now
or/otherwise we would have called
him
(4)If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the program as scheduled.
→ their help，we couldn’t have finished the program as scheduled.
(5)If you don’t spend time with happy people，your health could suffer.
→Spend time with happy people， your health could suffer.
But for/Without
otherwise/or
Summary
Summarize the good expressions in every paragraph.
手头有某事待处理（多指难题）
1. have sth. on one’s hands
2. not to mention
3. range from…to…
4. replace A with B
5. figure out
更不用说，且不说
范围从…… 到……
用 B 替换 A
搞清楚，弄明白
6. single out
7. in a joint effort
8. nothing like
9. go out
10. be dedicated to (doing) sth
11. There is no doubt about/that…
单独挑出
共同努力下
完全不像，根本不像
（灯）熄灭
致力于……
毫无疑问……
12. stage operations
13. instant message
14. be thought to be
15. perceive sth. could be used to do
16. be linked in
mon interests
18. scientific breakthroughs
即时消息
施行手术
被认为是
认为某物可被用来做某事
连接在…… 中
共同利益
科技突破
Thanks

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