资源简介

(共22张PPT)
Unit 4
SPACE EXPLORATION
Discovering Useful Structures
Step I Exercise
用所给词的适当形式填空并理解其语法成分。
1. It's a great honour for me __________(stand) here and give you a speech.
to stand
主语
2. I want __________(work) in the country.
to work
宾语
3. He asked me __________(do) the work with him.
to do
宾语补足语
4. I have some books for you __________(read).
to read
定语
5. I came here __________(see) you.
to see
状语
Summary: 动词不定式由“_____________”构成，可以在句子中充当___________________________________。
to+动词原形
主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语
Step II Infinitive as attribute
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
否定式 not to do not to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
动词不定式的时态和语态
“to do” as attributive
1. I have no desire to write..
2. The Smiths were the first to arrive..
3. There was nothing to be done..
4. I have a lot to say..
5. I have no idea where to go.
6. The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作___________ 1. 可修饰：
2. 多置于被修饰词___________
3. 多表示_____________的动作。
定语
名词或者代词
之后作后置定语
未来的
Infinitive as attribute 不定式作定语
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We have a lot of homework __________(do) today.
2. He bought some books __________(read) during the holiday.
to do
to read
Summary: 动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的________作后置定语,表示______________。
后面
未发生的动作
Step II Infinitive as attribute
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The newspaper reporter was the last __________(walk) out of the cave.
2. This is the third question _______________(discuss).
to walk
被动关系
to be discussed
Summary: 中心词被形容词最高级、序数词或all, any, only, next等限定词限定时, 后接不定式(短语)作定语。
中心词为不定式的执行者时用__________(主动式),
中心词为不定式承受者时用____________(被动式)。
to do
to be done
Step II Infinitive as attribute
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. A good teacher must have the ability __________(make) himself understood.
2. He made a promise __________(come) here on time tomorrow.
3. Women have no right __________(vote) and ____________(vote) in that country. 在那个国家, 女性没有选举权和被选举权。
to make
to come
to vote
被动关系
to be voted
Summary: 常用在抽象名词attempt(态度), ability, belief, chance,
decision, desire, effort, determination, means, plan, promise, right, time, way, wish或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语; 若其逻辑主语是句子的主语, 不定式用主动式, 逻辑主语为不定式承受者时用被动式
Step II Infinitive as attribute
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Give me a pen __________(write) with.
2. There is nothing __________(worry) about.
3. He is looking for a room __________(live) in.
to write
to worry
to live
Summary: 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
Step II Infinitive as attribute
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I have a lot of things ________ tomorrow.
2. Please give me something ____________.
3. He will show you the right path _________.
to drink
to do
to take
Summary:在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动表被动意义，如 have / get / give / show sth to do。此时，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系。
和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。
①I do a lot of things. ② I drink something. ③You take the right path.
Step III Exercise
①In many homes in the UK, the first person __________(wake) up has to make tea for the family．
②The airport ________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area．
③The best way _____________(improve) your English is to join an English club．
④Carol was happy that she had the chance ______________(experience) the life in the city．
⑤These courses offer us opportunities ____________(improve) our abilities to appreciate art．
to wake
to be completed
to improve
to experience
to improve
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Infinitive as adverbial 不定式作状语
用所给词的适当形式填空。
More TV programmes were produced __________(raise) people’s concern over food safety.
to raise
= _________________(raise) people’s concern over food safety, more TV programmes were produced.
In order to raise
= More TV programmes were produced so as __________(raise) people’s concern over food safety.
to raise
Summary: 不定式作目的状语，可用in order to/ so as to 代替, 有时为了突出强调目的, 还可将这个词组置于句首, 但so as to一般不用于句首。
Step IV Infinitive as adverbial
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He woke up __________(find) everybody gone.
2. He arrived at the train station, only __________(find) the train had already left.
3. She is too tired __________(do) the job.
4. He is old enough __________(go) to school.
5. Will you be so kind as __________(open) the window
to find
to find
to do
to go
to open
Summary: 不定式作结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果; 有时也可用only to, too ... to, enough to, so/such ... as to 来表示结果状语。
Step IV Infinitive as adverbial
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I am so excited __________(be) here!
2. I am more than delighted __________(stay) with you!
3. She is proud ______________(win) the first place.
4. He is glad ______________(invite) to the meeting.
to be
to stay
to have won
to be invited
Summary: 不定式作原因状语, 常用于“主语 + be + adj. + to do”结构中, 此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked, happy, fortune, surprised, sorry等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。
Step V Exercise
________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. (2016 北京改)
2. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. (2014 天津改)
3. Activities will be held after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. (2014 重庆改)
To make
to find
to help
目的状语
结果状语
原因状语
动词不定式作插入语（独立成分）
to be honest老实说，说实话 to sum up总之，概括地说
to be frank坦率地说 to be exact确切地说
to tell the truth说实话，老实说 to make matters worse更糟糕的是
to be fair公平地说 to put it simply简单地说
to begin with首先，第一 needless to say不用说
to start with首先 to be sure诚然，的确
Step V Exercise
补全句子/一句多译
1. You should _____________________________________________.
你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
2. The voluntary service __________________________________, including your own.
志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会,包括(改变)你自己的生活。
3. He hurried to the railway station __________________________________.
他匆忙赶到火车站却被告知火车已经开走了。
4. He is ______________________________.
他到了去学校的年龄了。
grasp the ability to solve complex problems
gives you a chance to change lives
only to be told the train had left
old enough to go to school
Step V Exercise
补全句子/一句多译
5. The girl is _____________________________________________.
那个女孩很懂礼貌, 她微笑着向那位老人打招呼。
6. It’s never _____________________________________________.
活到老学到老。
7. 许多农民给庄稼施肥, 为的是让庄稼长得更快些。
→Many farmers fertilize their crops _________________________ them grow more quickly.
→_____________________ them grow more quickly, many farmers fertilize their crops.
so polite as to greet the old man with a smile
too late to learn
in order to/so as to make
In order to make
笔记要点：动词不定式作主语
to do 与动名词（doing）作主语
To learn English well is important.
Learning English well is important.
区别：
① to do 作主语，常表示：要去做某事
侧重：具体、一次性、将来做、还未做、目的计划
② doing 作主语，常表示：做某事这件事
侧重：泛指、习惯做、经常做、已发生 、抽象概念
关键注意事项：
Why 的特殊规则:
不能接 to do，后面直接跟动词原形 (Why do that )
或接完整从句 (Why he did that is unknown.)。
疑问词/whether+to do
核心总结：
属性：名词性结构，相当于一个名词或名词性从句。
功能：在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，替代从句，使句子更简洁。
转换公式：
疑问词 + to do = 疑问词 + 主语 + 情态动词 (can/should/will) + do
whether to do (or not) = whether + 主语 + should/can/will + do
笔记要点：动词不定式作宾语
只接to do 想要 / 计划want, would like, plan, decide, determine
希望 / 期望hope, wish, expect, long, demand
主动 / 许诺offer, promise, refuse, afford
学习 / 设法learn, manage, fail, prepare
假装 / 选择pretend, choose, dare
只接doing 享受 / 喜欢enjoy, appreciate, admit
完成 / 实践finish, complete, practice
介意 / 放弃mind, miss, avoid, give up
建议 / 想象suggest, advise, imagine
考虑 / 原谅consider, risk, keep, forgive
固定短语feel like, can’t help, be used to
可接doing/to do like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, continue
动词 to do（含义） doing（含义）
remember 记得要去做（未做） 记得做过（已做）
forget 忘记要去做（未做） 忘记做过（已做）
regret 遗憾要去说 / 做 后悔做过
try 努力去做 尝试做一下
mean 打算 / 意味着要去做 意味着
stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事
go on （中断后）继续去做另一件事 继续做同一件事
笔记要点：动词不定式作宾语
it 作形式宾语（必考句型）：
主语 + think /find/feel /make/consider + it + adj./n. + to do sth.
主语 + vt. + it + 宾补 (no good/no use/useless) + doing sth.【仅限固定搭配】
Thank you!

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