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(共33张PPT)
高中英语人教版2019必修第二册
Unit 4
History and Traditions
Reading and Thinking
P40
1. Which two kingdoms were joined first to form the Kingdom of Great Britain
A. England and Wales B. England and Scotland
C. Scotland and Ireland D. Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2. What can we learn about the groups that influenced British history
A. The Romans created the English national language.
B. The Vikings built all the ancient castles across England.
C. The Normans brought many French words into English.
D. Anglo-Saxons arrived in the UK in the 8th century.
3. Why does the writer suggest learning British history before visiting the UK
A. It can help visitors get cheaper tickets for British museums.
B. It makes visitors’ trip to the UK far more enjoyable.
C. It allows visitors to join local national football matches easily.
D. It helps visitors understand different legal systems in Britain.
未提及
4. What is the correct order of the UK’s historical development according to the text
a. Southern Ireland broke away from the UK
b. Wales joined the Kingdom of England
c. Scotland joined England to form Great Britain
d. Ireland was added into the United Kingdom
A. b→c→d→a B. b→d→c→a C. c→b→d→a D. d→b→c→a
WHAT'S IN A NAME
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
P40
be confused by... 对……感到困惑
the difference between... and... ……和……之间的区别
稍微了解一点……
解开这个谜题
P40
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
be joined to... 被并入；与……合并
break away from 脱离；摆脱
result in 导致；造成
P40
Most people just use the shortened name: "the United Kingdom" or "the UK". People from the UK are called "British", which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
be referred to as... 被称作……
简称
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
P40
属于
合作；共同协作
和……一样；也；以及
共用统一货币
国防；军事防御
教育与法律体系
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language,
P40
悠久又丰富多彩的历史
被……的痕迹/证据环绕
族群；人群
接管
……的起源/开端
and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
P40
change the way people do sth. 改变人们做某事的方式
黑斯廷斯战役
make changes to... 对……做出改动/改革
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
P40
还有更多……有待了解
使你的旅行更愉快
古老的港口城市
无数的历史遗迹
P40
The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
P40
……与……奇妙交融
留心观察；用心发现
P41
as well as
belong to
joined to
added to
broke away
keep your eyes open
Key Words
P104-105
常见搭配：the United Kingdom (UK) 联合王国（英国）
the Three Kingdoms Period 三国时期
Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》
常见搭配：chief reason/cause 主要原因 chief concern 首要关注点
chief problem 核心问题 chief editor 总编辑
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官
派生词：chiefly adv. 主要地；首要地（= mainly）
（复数：chiefs）
（只作前置定语，不能作表语）
派生词：puzzled adj.感到困惑的（修饰人 / 表情） a puzzled look 困惑的表情
puzzling adj.令人困惑的（修饰事物） a puzzling problem 令人费解的问题
puzzlement n.困惑，苦思
常见搭配：puzzle sb. 使某人困惑
puzzle over/about sth. 苦苦思索某事
puzzle out sth. 苦思出答案 / 理清
be puzzled about/by sth. 对…… 感到困惑（被动语态，人作主语）
翻译：我对他的行为感到不解。
I am puzzled by his behavior.
派生词：near prep.在……附近 adj.近的 adv.在近处
nearly adv.几乎，差不多（程度）= almost
用法：join A to B 把 A 和 B 连接或联结起来
同义替换：connect A to B / attach A to B / link A to B
A + be joined to + B A被并入B；A与B相连（被动语态）
例：The road is joined to the highway.
这条公路与高速路相连。
派生词：belonging n.归属；归属感 a sense of belonging 归属感
belongings n.所有物；财物
（无被动语态、无进行时）
；是…… 的成员（= be a member of）
翻译：我们应摆脱坏习惯，养成健康生活方式。
break相关短语：break down 出故障；崩溃；分解 break up 分手；解散；打碎
break out （火灾 / 战争）爆发 break in 闯入；插嘴
We should break away from bad habits and develop a healthy lifestyle.
用法1：“不仅… 而且…”（侧重前者）
结构：A as well as B = not only B but also A “不仅 B，而且 A”
例：He speaks French as well as English.
他不仅会说英语，还会说法语。
用法2：主谓一致（必考：就远原则）
as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语 A保持一致（与 B 无关）
例：The teacher, as well as the students, is excited.
老师和学生都很兴奋。
对比 not only...but also...（就近原则）：
Not only the teacher but also the students are excited.
用法3：as well as 作 “除… 之外还” 时，相当于介词，后接动词用 -ing 形式
例：As well as playing the piano, she can sing well.
除了弹钢琴，她唱歌也很好。
用法4：同级比较：“和… 一样好”（as + 副词 well+as）
结构：动词 + as well as + 比较对象（well 是副词，修饰动词）
例：She sings as well as a professional.
她唱得和专业歌手一样好。
辨析：
as well（也；又） 副词短语，放句末（前无逗号）
例：He plays basketball, and football as well.
1. 派生词：current adj.流通的；当前的
currently adv.目前
2. 常见搭配：military training 军训 military base 军事基地
military action 军事行动 military parade 阅兵
military force/strength 军事力量
3. 常见搭配：defence against 抵御…… national defence 国防
in defence of... 保卫；为…… 辩护 self-defence 自卫
come to one’s defence 为某人辩护；帮某人说话
派生词：defend v. 防御；保卫；辩护 defensive adj. 防御性的；戒备的
defenceless adj. 无防御的；无助的
反义词：illegal adj.非法的
派生词：legally adv.合法地 legality [li ɡ l ti] n.合法性
常见搭配：legal rights 法定权利 legal obligation 法定义务
legal system 法律体系 legal aid 法律援助
It is legal (for sb) to do sth 做某事是合法的
翻译：酒驾是违法的。
It is illegal to drive after drinking.
派生词：surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
surroundings 环境；周围事物
surrounded adj. 被包围的
常见搭配：surround A with B 用 B 包围 / 环绕 A
be surrounded by/with… 被…… 包围 / 环绕
in the surrounding area 在周边地区
natural surroundings 自然环境
非谓语考点
Surrounded by trees, the house looks beautiful.
（过去分词作状语：被树环绕……）
派生词：evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that... 显然……
evidently adv. 明显地
常见搭配：evidence of sth …… 的证据 / 迹象
There is (no) evidence that... 有 / 无证据表明……
evidence for sth 支持…… 的证据
evidence to do 做…… 的证据
be in evidence 显眼的；显著的
as evidenced by... 正如…… 所证明
翻译：他非常勤奋，这一点从他优异的成绩就能看出来。
（不可数）
He is very hard-working, as evidenced by his good grades.
派生词：achieve v.实现 achieve one`s goal/dream 实现某人的目标/梦想
achievable adj.可实现的
常见搭配：make great achievements 取得巨大成就
make achievements in... 在……方面取得成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
翻译：她在医学领域取得了巨大成就。
She has made great achievements in the field of medicine.
派生词：locate v. 定位；位于 be located in… 位于……（同义：lie in/on/at…）
local adj. 当地的；本地的；n. 当地人
locality [l k l ti] n. 地区；地点
常见搭配：on location 拍摄外景；在现场 location of… …… 的位置
派生词：conqueror n. 征服者；胜利者 conquest [ k kwest] n. 征服；占领
conquerable adj. 可征服的；可克服的
常见搭配：conquer oneself 战胜自我 conquer challenges 战胜挑战
be conquered by... 被…… 征服
常见搭配：fight/wage a battle (against/for...) （为……）战斗 / 斗争
in battle 在战斗中 fall in battle 阵亡
battle with/against sb/sth 与…… 搏斗 / 抗争（接困难、疾病、敌人）
battle for sth 为…… 而战（争取权利、自由等）
battle to do sth 奋力做某事
派生词：fascinate v.使着迷；吸引（主语多为事物）
fascinated adj.（人）感到着迷的（修饰人）
fascination n.魅力；着迷；迷恋
常见搭配：be fascinating to sb 对某人来说很有吸引力
a fascinating view/scene 迷人的景色
It is fascinating to do sth 做某事很有趣
It is fascinating that… …… 很有趣（主语从句）
Thank you!

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