资源简介

Unit 7 The secret of memory
Section 4导学案
学习目标
掌握树木年轮、记忆心理学两大主题核心词汇；读懂《树的记忆》科普文，梳理年轮四大科研用途；读懂艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线实验成果，梳理六条科学记忆规律；了解树木年代学、记忆心理学基础常识。
完成词义匹配、思维导图梳理、课堂讨论练习，能完整复述年轮记录环境、灾害、人类历史的作用，结合遗忘曲线总结高效复习、记忆学习方法。
小组完成年轮科普复述、遗忘规律学习策略交流，完成科普类短句写作。
拓宽跨学科视野：自然万物都留存 “记忆”；运用遗忘曲线科学规划复习，告别死记硬背，掌握长效记忆学习法；建立科学探究思维。
一、预习案（课前自主完成）
（一）词汇预习 基础过关
模块 A：树木年轮科普核心词汇
tree ring 树木年轮
contain v. 包含，存有
particular adj. 特定的，某一处的
natural disaster 自然灾害（山火、洪水、地震）
scar n. 伤痕，印记
chemistry n. 化学成分
figure out 查明，弄清楚
dendrochronology n. 树木年代学
climate n. 气候；environment n. 环境
模块 B：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线心理学词汇
forgetting curve 遗忘曲线
experiment n./v. 实验
session n. 学习时段
meaningful adj. 有意义的
relearn v. 重新温习
psychology n. 心理学
pattern n. 规律，模式
模块 C：树木年轮四大作用（课文主线）
Count rings → tell the exact age of a tree
Wide/narrow rings → record past climate & environment
Black scar marks → find out time of natural disasters (forest fires)
Ring chemical analysis → judge the age of ancient human buildings & human history
模块 D：艾宾浩斯六大记忆规律
Forgetting is fastest within the first 9 hours after learning
Longer & careful study → longer memory retention
Content at the start & end of a list is easier to remember
Meaningful information is far easier to memorize than meaningless content
Relearning forgotten knowledge is easier than learning new things
Spaced repeated study over long periods improves memory greatly
模块 E：核心句型抄写 + 中英对照
Each new tree ring grows every year, and wide rings stand for warm, rainy growing seasons.
译：树木每年长出一圈新年轮，宽年轮代表温暖多雨的生长季节。
Scientists study the scars on tree rings to find out when ancient forest fires broke out.
译：科学家研究年轮上的伤痕，查明远古森林火灾发生的时间。
Ebbinghaus found that people forget nearly two-thirds of knowledge 24 hours after learning.
译：艾宾浩斯发现，人们在学习 24 小时后会遗忘近三分之二的内容。
Studying meaningful information and reviewing in separated sessions can greatly improve our memory.
译：学习有逻辑、有意义的内容，分时段间隔复习，能大幅提升记忆力。
（二）预习思考题（通读 P110-P112）
科学家可以利用树木年轮完成哪四类研究？
完成词义匹配：contain /particular/natural disaster /chemistry/figure out 分别对应什么释义？
艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线揭示了哪六条记忆与遗忘规律？哪一条对日常学习最实用？
What is dendrochronology What is the forgetting curve
二、课堂探究案（课中小组合作完成）
（一）语篇问题链 研读《The memories of trees》& 遗忘曲线科普文
基础浅层任务 1：年轮思维导图填空标准答案
Tree rings
(1) record climate and environment
(2) Scientists study wide/narrow rings to learn about past climate change.
(3) study natural disasters
(4) Scientists find black scars on rings to find out when forest fires happened.
(5) study human history & date ancient buildings
(6) Scientists check ring chemistry to work out when old wood buildings were cut down.
基础浅层任务 2：词义匹配答案
(1) contain — c to have / hold something inside
(2) particular — a used to refer to a specific person or thing
(3) natural disaster — e used to refer to an earthquake, flood, forest fire, etc.
(4) chemistry — d the chemicals that something is made up of
(5) figure out — b to discover the answer
进阶理解问题链（双线课文主线梳理）
主线 1：Nature memory — Tree rings 自然树木的 “记忆”
年轮形成逻辑：一年一轮；雨水阳光充足年轮宽，干旱少雨年轮窄
伤痕印记：黑色疤痕代表森林火灾，数疤痕内侧年轮可定位火灾年份
跨学科应用：树木年代学对比同区域多棵树木年轮，收集远古气候数据；通过木材化学成分测算古建筑砍伐年份，还原人类古代文明历史
核心主旨：树木无声，年轮留存地球与人类过往的完整记忆
主线 2：Psychology — Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve 人类记忆科学规律
遗忘速度：前 9 小时遗忘速度最快，24 小时遗忘约 2/3 内容，后续遗忘速度放缓
高效记忆学习策略推导
① 及时短期复习（9 小时内复盘新知识）
② 深度细致研读，延长记忆留存时间
③ 重点记忆材料首尾内容
④ 梳理知识逻辑，赋予内容意义，拒绝机械死记
⑤ 定期间隔重复复习，优于一次性长时间背诵
⑥ 遗忘后二次温习难度远低于全新学习
学科价值：艾宾浩斯开创心理学标准化实验方法，为现代记忆研究奠基
深度思辨讨论题
How can we use Ebbinghaus’s findings to change our daily English learning habits
（二）合作探究 小组课堂活动（4 人一组）
活动 1：年轮科普思维导图完善
小组合作填充完整思维导图，分段复述年轮四大科研用途，结合配图讲解宽窄年轮、火灾疤痕含义
活动 2：遗忘曲线学习策略头脑风暴
结合六条实验结论，小组整理可落地的课堂、课后复习计划，分享高效记忆方法
活动 3：跨学科对比讨论
对比树木 “自然记忆” 与人类大脑记忆的相同点、不同点，拓展科学视野
（三）分层输出任务
迁移 1：基础口头输出（达标）
基础科普句子
Wide tree rings mean enough rain and sunshine for the tree.
Black scars on rings tell scientists the time of old forest fires.
Ebbinghaus found forgetting happens fastest in the first nine hours.
We remember meaningful things much longer than meaningless ones.
迁移 2：双人综合科普对话（提升）
A: What secrets can tree rings tell us
B: They can show a tree’s age, ancient climate, natural disasters and old human history.
A: What’s the most important rule from Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve
B: We forget most knowledge in the first nine hours, so we need to review quickly after learning.
A: How can we improve our memory based on his experiment
B: We can study in separate sessions and make knowledge meaningful to us.
迁移 3：书面综合科普短文写作
标题：Two kinds of memory — tree rings & human brain memory
写作框架
第一段：Introduce tree rings, their four functions as natural memory
第二段：Introduce Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve and key learning rules
第三段：Write down useful study tips we can use in daily learning
Must use words: contain, figure out, particular, natural disaster, session, meaningful
三、课后拓展案（分层巩固作业）
基础层（全体必做）
本课年轮、心理学词汇背诵，熟记年轮四大用途、艾宾浩斯六大记忆规律；
完成词义匹配、思维导图填空配套练习；
仿写 5 句自然记忆、科学记忆科普句子。
提升层（中等学生选做）
双人完成年轮与遗忘规律问答对话；
完整复述树木年轮科研价值与遗忘曲线核心结论；
80 词短文介绍树木年轮的科学作用。
培优拓展层（学有余力）
1 分钟口语展示：讲解遗忘曲线并分享 3 条实用复习技巧；
拓展写作：How to make use of forgetting curve to remember English words；
自主查阅树木年代学家野外研究工具、研究流程，整理简短英文笔记。
课堂小结（板书核心）
Tree rings — nature’s memory
① Count rings → tree age
② Ring width → ancient climate
③ Black scars → natural disaster time
④ Chemical test → ancient human building history
Word: contain, figure out, particular, scar, natural disaster
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
Fastest forgetting: first 9 hours after study
Better memory: deep study, meaningful content, spaced review
Easier to relearn forgotten things than new knowledge
Cross-curricular theme
Nature stores memory in tree rings; human brain has regular forgetting rules, we can use scientific methods to improve memory
Core value: Apply scientific memory rules to daily study
当堂五分钟检测
一、英汉互译
dendrochronology ________________
forgetting curve ________________
natural disaster ________________
figure out ________________
二、选词填空
contain, figure out, particular, meaningful, session
Each tree ring ______ records of the past environment.
Scientists can ______ the fire time from ring scars.
We should split study into several short ______.
______ texts are much easier to remember.
三、单项选择
Wide tree rings show the year had ______.
A. little rain B. enough sun and rain C. forest fire
When do people forget knowledge fastest
A. In the first 9 hours B. After 30 days C. After one week
Tree rings CANNOT help scientists ______.
A. know tree age B. study old climate C. predict future weather
四、句子翻译/重点知识点
树木年轮是大自然的记忆：数年轮判定树龄；宽窄年轮记录古代气候；黑色疤痕定位远古山火；年轮化学成分测算古建筑砍伐年代，该学科名为树木年代学。
艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线：学习后 9 小时遗忘速度最快，24 小时遗忘约三分之二内容；有逻辑有意义的内容更容易长期记忆，分时段间隔复习效果更佳。
学习启示：新知识需及时复盘，梳理内容逻辑赋予意义，拆分多段短时学习，大幅提升记忆留存时长。

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