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【2026届】上海高考英语一轮复习《虚拟语气》专项训练
建议用时：40分钟 | 满分：53分
第一部分 Grammar and Vocabulary（共10题，每题1分，满分10分）
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the given verb in brackets.
If China (1) ______ (not invest) heavily in space exploration over the past two decades, it would not have become a leading space power. The government recommends that more resources (2) ______ (allocate) to scientific research in the coming years. It is essential that every country (3) ______ (recognize) the importance of international cooperation in space exploration. Without the dedication of countless scientists, many technological breakthroughs (4) ______ (not achieve). If China (5) ______ (continue) to advance its space program at the current pace, it would likely become the first country to establish a permanent base on the moon. The scientist insisted that the Mars mission (6) ______ (carry out) according to the original schedule. It is high time that we (7) ______ (take) more concrete steps to protect our planet from potential asteroid threats. If only we (8) ______ (have) more advanced technology to explore the deep universe! The government's decision requires that all space missions (9) ______ (meet) strict safety standards. Had it not been for the bravery of the astronauts, many space missions (10) ______ (fail).
第二部分 Vocabulary（共10题，每题1分，满分10分）
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word chosen from the box. Note that there is one extra word.
A. explore B. discover C. globe D. inspire E. tireless F. achieve
G. technology H. observe I. prove J. mystery K. contribute
China's space program has brought numerous (11) ______ that have transformed our understanding of the universe. The (12) ______ of new planets and galaxies has been made possible through advanced (13) ______. International cooperation has (14) ______ greatly to the success of many space missions. The (15) ______ of space remains one of humanity's greatest challenges, yet it continues to (16) ______ generations of young scientists. The data collected from Mars rovers has (17) ______ that liquid water once existed on the planet. Space exploration has also provided (18) ______ benefits, fostering collaboration among nations. The (19) ______ of the universe continues to fascinate both scientists and the general public. Without the (20) ______ efforts of scientists and engineers, none of these achievements would have been possible.
第三部分 Translation（共4题，满分15分，分值分布3+3+4+5）
Translate the following sentences into English, using subjunctive mood where appropriate.
21.（3分） 如果中国没有在太空探索上投入巨资，它就不会成为航天强国。
22.（3分） 科学家建议应该优先考虑国际合作，而不是竞争。
23.（4分） 要是我们能找到更有效的方法来保护地球免受小行星撞击就好了！
24.（5分） 如果没有无数科学家的奉献精神，许多技术突破就不可能实现。
第四部分 Reading Comprehension（共4题，每题2分，满分8分）
Read the following passage and choose from A-F the most suitable sentences to fill in the blanks. Note that there are two extra sentences.
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence has become an integral part of modern life, raising important ethical questions that society must address. (25) ______, governments around the world have begun to develop regulations to govern the use of AI technologies.
One of the primary concerns is algorithmic bias. (26) ______, AI systems can perpetuate and even amplify existing social inequalities. This is particularly concerning in areas such as hiring, lending, and criminal justice.
Another significant issue is privacy. (27) ______, the collection and analysis of personal data by AI systems have raised serious concerns about individual autonomy and consent. Many experts argue that without proper safeguards, AI could lead to unprecedented surveillance.
Despite these challenges, AI also offers tremendous potential for good. (28) ______, AI can help address some of the world's most pressing problems, from climate change to healthcare. However, realizing this potential requires careful ethical consideration and international cooperation.
A. If not carefully designed and monitored
B. As AI becomes increasingly powerful
C. Because the technology is still in its early stages
D. While some people fear the rise of AI
E. When used responsibly
F. If governments fail to regulate AI
第五部分 Summary Writing（共1题，满分10分）
Read the following passage and write a summary in about 60 words.
The Importance of Sleep for Mental Health
Sleep is a fundamental biological need that plays a crucial role in maintaining mental health. Despite its importance, many people in modern society suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, often due to work pressure, screen time, and lifestyle choices.
Research has shown that adequate sleep is essential for cognitive function. During sleep, the brain consolidates memories, processes emotions, and clears out toxins that accumulate during waking hours. People who consistently get less than seven hours of sleep per night are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.
The relationship between sleep and mental health is bidirectional. Poor sleep can contribute to mental health problems, and mental health problems can, in turn, disrupt sleep patterns. This creates a vicious cycle that can be difficult to break without intervention. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia has been shown to be particularly effective in addressing this cycle.
Sleep deprivation also affects physical health, increasing the risk of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and weakened immune function. The cumulative effects of poor sleep can have serious long-term consequences for overall well-being.
Given these findings, experts recommend that adults aim for seven to nine hours of quality sleep each night. Establishing a consistent sleep schedule, reducing screen time before bed, and creating a comfortable sleep environment are practical steps that individuals can take to improve their sleep quality. Public health campaigns have also been launched to raise awareness about the importance of sleep for both mental and physical health.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 Grammar and Vocabulary
题号 答案 解析
1 had not invested 虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，条件句用过去完成时。
2 (should) be allocated 虚拟语气，recommend that...（should）do，主语resources与allocate为被动关系，故用(should) be allocated。
3 (should) recognize 虚拟语气，It is essential that...（should）do。
4 would not have been achieved 虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，主句用would have done，且主语breakthroughs与achieve为被动关系。
5 continued 虚拟语气，与将来事实相反，条件句用一般过去时。
6 (should) be carried out 虚拟语气，insist that...（should）do，主语mission与carry out为被动关系。
7 took 虚拟语气，It is high time that...句型中，从句谓语用一般过去时。
8 had 虚拟语气，If only...与现在事实相反，用一般过去时。
9 (should) meet 虚拟语气，require that...（should）do。
10 would have failed 虚拟语气，Had it not been for...（与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句倒装），主句用would have done。
第二部分 Vocabulary
题号 答案 对应方框词 词性 解析
11 achievements F. achieve 动词→名词 名词作宾语。
12 discovery B. discover 动词→名词 名词作主语。
13 technology G. technology 名词 名词作宾语。
14 contributed K. contribute 动词 现在完成时，谓语。
15 exploration A. explore 动词→名词 名词作主语。
16 inspire D. inspire 动词 不定式作目的状语。
17 proven / proved I. prove 动词 过去分词，构成现在完成时。
18 global C. globe 名词→形容词 修饰benefits。
19 mystery J. mystery 名词 名词作主语。
20 tireless E. tireless 形容词 修饰efforts。
多余词：H. observe
第三部分 Translation
题号 分值 参考译文 采分点
21 3分 If China had not invested heavily in space exploration, it would not have become a leading space power. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
22 3分 Scientists suggest that international cooperation (should) be prioritized over competition. suggest that...(should) do，被动语态。
23 4分 If only we could find more effective ways to protect the Earth from asteroid impacts! If only表示"要是……就好了"，与现在事实相反，用could。
24 5分 Without the dedication of countless scientists, many technological breakthroughs would not have been achieved. Without引导含蓄虚拟条件，与过去事实相反。
第四部分 Reading Comprehension
题号 答案 解析
25 B 前句讲AI引发伦理问题，后句讲各国开始制定法规，B项"As AI becomes increasingly powerful"说明原因。
26 A 前句讲算法偏见是主要担忧，后句讲AI可能放大不平等，A项"If not carefully designed and monitored"说明条件。
27 F 前句讲隐私是重要问题，后句讲数据收集引发担忧，F项"If governments fail to regulate AI"说明条件，与后文"without proper safeguards"呼应。
28 E 前句讲AI也有巨大潜力，后句讲AI可帮助解决问题，E项"When used responsibly"说明条件。
多余选项：C、D
第五部分 Summary Writing
参考范文（62词）：
Sleep is essential for mental health, supporting cognitive function, emotional processing, and physical well-being. Sleep deprivation can lead to anxiety, depression, and health problems, creating a vicious cycle with mental health issues. Experts recommend adults get seven to nine hours of quality sleep and adopt healthy sleep habits to maintain overall health.
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