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八上 Unit 3 核心词汇变形及专项检测
一、单元必背词形转换清单
1. 动词 名词互变
compare (v. 对比) → comparison (n. 比较)
perform (v. 表演) → performance (n. 演出) → performer (n. 表演者)
solve (v. 解决) → solution (n. 解决办法)
congratulate (v. 祝贺) → congratulation (n. 祝贺，复数 congratulations 表恭喜)
appear (v. 出现) → appearance (n. 外表；露面)
person (n. 人) → personality (n. 性格；品质) → personal (adj. 个人的)
differ (v. 不同) → difference (n. 差异) → different (adj. 不同的)
interest (v. 使感兴趣) → interest (n. 爱好) → interested (adj. 感到感兴趣的) → interesting (adj. 有趣的)
humour (n. 幽默) → humorous (adj. 幽默的)
similar (adj. 相似的) → similarity (n. 相似之处)
friend (n. 朋友) → friendship (n. 友谊) → friendly (adj. 友好的)
expect (v. 期待) → expectation (n. 预料；期待)
exchange (v./n. 交换) → exchangeable (adj. 可交换的)
2. 形容词、副词、比较级、反义词转换
shy (adj. 害羞的) → shyness (n. 腼腆)；比较级 shyer
lazy (adj. 懒惰的) → laziness (n. 懒惰)；比较级 lazier
loud (adj. 大声的) → loudly (adv. 大声地)
outgoing (adj. 外向的) 反义词 shy 内向
hard-working (adj. 勤奋的) 反义词 lazy 懒惰
serious (adj. 严肃的) → seriously (adv. 严肃地)
strong (adj. 强壮的) → strength (n. 力量；优势) → strengthen (v. 加强)
slim (adj. 苗条的) 比较级 slimmer
pleasant (adj. 宜人的) → please (v. 使开心) → pleasure (n. 乐事)
alike (adj./adv. 相像的) → similar (adj. 相似的)
honest (adj. 诚实的) 反义词 dishonest 不诚实
direct (adj. 率直的) → directly (adv. 直接地)
silver (n./adj. 银；银色的) → silvery (adj. 似银的)
原级 little→比较级less → 最高级 least
3. 名词复数特殊变形
congratulation → congratulations（表祝贺常用复数）
prize (奖品) → prizes
personality → personalities
difference → differences
similarity → similarities
opinion (看法) → opinions
metre (米) → metres
prince (王子) → princes
character (人物) → characters
pauper (乞丐) → paupers
accident (事故) → accidents
situation (情况) → situations
mm (毫米) /km (千米) 复数不变
population（人口，不可数）
4. 拓展衍生 & 词性拓展
spare (adj. 空闲的；v. 抽出) → spare time 空闲时间
sense (n. 理解力) → sensible (adj. 明智的)
straight forward (adj. 坦率的) = straightforward
reach (v. 伸手) reach for 伸手去够
touch (v. 触碰) touching (adj. 感人的)
lend (v. 借出) lend sb a hand 帮忙；反义词 borrow 借入
5. 单元核心固定短语
as...as... 和…… 一样
spare time 空闲时间
have sth in common 有共同之处
thanks to 归功于；因为
make a mistake 犯错误
care about 关心；担心
reach for 伸手触碰
lend (sb) a hand 帮助某人
by accident 偶然；意外地
silver lining 一线光明
Congratulations (on…)! 祝贺……
二、Unit3 词形变换专项检测卷（满分 60 分）
题型一：基础变形默写（每空 1 分，共 15 分）
根据提示写出对应单词形式
compare (v.) → ________ (n. 比较)
shy (adj.) → ________ (n. 腼腆)
lazy (adj.) → ________ (n. 懒惰)
loud (adj.) → ________ (adv. 大声地)
perform (v.) → ________ (n. 演出) → ________ (n. 表演者)
solve (v.) → ________ (n. 解决办法)
congratulate (v.) → ________ (n. 祝贺，复数)
appear (v.) → ________ (n. 外表)
person (n.) → ________ (n. 性格)
strong (adj.) → ________ (n. 力量；优势)
differ (v.) → ________ (n. 差异)
humour (n.) → ________ (adj. 幽默的)
similar (adj.) → ________ (n. 相似之处)
friend (n.) → ________ (n. 友谊)
direct (adj.) → ________ (adv. 直接地)
题型二：用括号内单词正确形式填空（每空 2 分，共 16 分）
We made a ________ (compare) between the two ________ (perform).
Her ________ (shy) and ________ (lazy) are her big ________ (different).
The ________ (solve) to the problem brings us great ________ (please).
We send our warm ________ (congratulation) to the prize ________ (win).
His good ________ (appear) and nice ________ (person) make him popular.
We should know our own ________ (strong) and find the ________ (similar).
This ________ (humour) boy takes great ________ (interest) in novels.
We ________ (serious) care about our long ________ (friend).
题型三：选词并用适当形式填空（词库有多余，每空 2 分，共 10 分）
词库：population, rainfall, pleasant, silver, accident, situation, honest, metre, exchange, pauper
The city has a large ________ and little ________ every year.
We saw a ________ lining in this hard ________.
An ________ happened to an ________ student yesterday.
He is an ________ boy with a 1.7-________ tall body.
The prince shared treasure with the poor ________.
题型四：短语 & 变形综合改错（划出错误并改正，每题 3 分，共 9 分）
Congratulation on win the prize; he perform loudly and perfect. ________
Thanks to his humour, we have many thing in common and make mistake less. ________
He care about his friend and lend he a hand by accident yesterday. ________
题型五：语篇短文词形填空（每空 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
We often ________ (compare) friends by their ________ (appear) and ________ (person).
The ________ (humour) girl has many ________ (similar) with me. We have much in common.
We take great ________ (interest) in the ________ (perform) and send ________ (congratulation) to the ________ (perform).
We ________ (serious) care about our precious ________ (friend).
三、参考答案
题型一：基础变形默写
comparison
shyness
laziness
loudly
performance; performer
solution
congratulations
appearance
personality
strength
difference
humorous
similarity
friendship
directly
题型二：词形填空
comparison; performers
shyness; laziness; differences
solution; pleasure
congratulations; winner
appearance; personality
strengths; similarities
humorous; interest
seriously; friendship
题型三：选词变形填空
population; rainfall
silver; situation
accident; exchange
honest; metre
paupers
题型四：改错
Congratulation → Congratulations；win → winning；perform → performed
thing → things；mistake → mistakes
care → cared；he → him
题型五：语篇短文词形填空
compare
appearance
personalities
humorous
similarities
interest
performance
congratulations
performer
seriously
friendship
短文完整填空版参考
We often compare friends by their appearance and personalities.
The humorous girl has many similarities with me. We have much in common.
We take great interest in the performance and send congratulations to the performer.
We seriously care about our precious friendship.

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