【弯道超车】Unit 5 Nature's Temper 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026-2027学年鲁教版(五四学制)(新教材)八年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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【弯道超车】Unit 5 Nature's Temper 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026-2027学年鲁教版(五四学制)(新教材)八年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026-2027学年鲁教版(五四学制)八年级英语上册核心考点精讲精练
(新教材)Unit 5 Nature's Temper
核心词汇
1. 自然灾害类名词
词汇 音标 词性 释义 常见搭配/例句
earthquake / θkwe k/ n. 地震 a strong earthquake(强烈地震)
typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 台风 The typhoon hit the coast.(台风袭击了海岸。)
wildfire / wa ldfa (r)/ n. 野火 Wildfires spread quickly.(野火迅速蔓延。)
snowstorm / sn st m/ n. 暴风雪 heavy snowstorm(暴雪)
flood /fl d/ n./v. 水灾;洪水;泛滥 The flood washed away many houses.(洪水冲走了许多房屋。)
drought /dra t/ n. 旱灾;干旱 suffer from drought(遭受干旱)
tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸 a tsunami warning(海啸预警)
landslide / l ndsla d/ n. 山体滑坡 —
tornado /t ne d / n. 龙卷风 —
rainstorm / re nst m/ n. 暴风雨 —
heatwave / hi twe v/ n. 热浪 —
2. 动词与行动类词汇
词汇 音标 词性 释义 常见搭配/例句
warn /w n/ v. 警告;提醒注意 warn sb. of/about sth.(警告某人注意某事)
warn sb. against doing(告诫某人不要做)
warn (sb.) + that 从句(警告某人说……)**
beat /bi t/ v. 敲;打 过去式 beat,过去分词 beaten
hide /ha d/ v. 躲藏;隐蔽 过去式 hid,过去分词 hidden
scream /skri m/ v. 尖叫 scream for help(尖叫求救)
wave /we v/ n./v. 波浪;挥手 wave to/at sb.(向某人挥手)**
interview / nt vju / n./v. 采访;面试 interview sb. about sth.(就某事采访某人)**
refuse /r fju z/ v. 拒绝 refuse to do(拒绝做某事)
rescue / reskju / v./n. 营救 rescue team(救援队)
prepare /pr pe (r)/ v. 准备 prepare for(为……做准备)
3. 描述性形容词与副词
词汇 音标 词性 释义 常见搭配/例句
thick /θ k/ adj. 厚的;浓密的 thick smoke(浓烟)
sudden / s dn/ adj. 突然的 all of a sudden(突然)
heavy / hevi/ adj. 沉重的;大量的 heavy rain(大雨)
possible / p s bl/ adj. 可能的 as...as possible(尽可能……)**
nearly / n li/ adv. 几乎;差不多 注意与 almost 的区别**
almost / lm st/ adv. 几乎;差不多 可与 any/no/never/nothing 连用**
safely / se fli/ adv. 安全地 arrive safely(安全到达)
possibly / p s bli/ adv. 可能;或许 同义词 perhaps/probably **
terribly / ter bli/ adv. 非常糟地;可怕地 terribly dangerous(非常危险)
worst /w st/ adj./adv. 最坏(的);最糟(的) the worst flood(最严重的洪水)
4. 核心词形转换(高频考点)
原词 → 转换词 词性 释义 *
warn warning n. 警告
prepare preparation n. 准备
sudden suddenly adv. 突然地
safe safety / safely n./adv. 安全 / 安全地
thick thickness n. 厚度
possible possibly / possibility adv./n. 可能地 / 可能性
interview interviewer / interviewee n./n. 采访者 / 受访者
核心短语
分类 短语 释义 例句/考点
灾害描述 natural disaster 自然灾害 The earthquake was a terrible natural disaster.
heavy rain 大雨
flood water 洪水
thick smoke 浓烟
行动与应对 prepare for 为……做准备 We should prepare for the typhoon.
rescue team 救援队 The rescue team arrived quickly.
warn sb. of/about sth. 警告某人注意某事 The message warned us of possible danger. **
warn sb. against doing 告诫某人不要做某事 He warned me against going there at night. **
run over to sb. 跑向某人 He ran over to me in excitement.
walk into 走路时撞到 He walked into a tree.
时间与状态 at first 起初 At first, I was scared.
all of a sudden 突然 All of a sudden, it began to rain heavily.
in the face of 面对 courage in the face of danger
程度表达 as fast as possible 尽可能快 = as fast as one can
not nearly 远非;绝不是 This is not nearly as good as that. **
核心句型
1. 描述灾害事件的句型
句型 示例 说明
A terrible ... hit/struck + 地点 A terrible earthquake hit the city yesterday morning.(一场可怕的地震昨天早上袭击了这座城市。) 描述灾害发生
... caused serious damage to... The flood caused serious damage to the village.(洪水对村庄造成了严重破坏。) 描述灾害破坏
... made thousands of people homeless The typhoon made thousands of people homeless.(台风使成千上万的人无家可归。) 描述灾害影响
2. 询问与描述过去正在进行的动作
句型 示例 说明
—What were you doing when... —I was... —What were you doing when the earthquake started —I was sleeping.(地震开始时你在做什么?——我在睡觉。) 过去进行时询问
I was... when... I was reading a book when I felt a sudden shake.(我正在看书,突然感到一阵震动。) when + 短暂动作
While I was..., ... While I was sleeping, the earthquake happened.(我正在睡觉时,地震发生了。) while + 持续动作
3. 课文经典句型
Sometimes there are tall waves and the areas near the coast get flooded.(有时会有巨浪,海岸附近的地区会被淹没。)——被动语态描述灾害影响
A window in the man’s house broke, and the roof nearly came off.(这位男士房子里的一扇窗户破了,屋顶几乎掉下来。)——nearly与come off的用法
Did you have any trouble during the typhoon (台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗?)——have trouble (in) doing
语法聚焦
本单元的核心语法包括情态动词表推测、过去进行时以及when/while引导的时间状语从句。
1. 情态动词表推测(must / can / could / may)
情态动词 可能性程度 用法 例句
must 几乎肯定 有充分依据的肯定推测 The ground is shaking. It must be an earthquake!(地面在晃动,一定是地震!)
may / might / could 可能(不确定) 表示可能性较小的推测 There may be a flood after heavy rain.(暴雨后可能会有洪水。)
can‘t 几乎不可能 有把握的否定推测 That can’t be a typhoon—the wind isn‘t strong enough.(那不可能是台风——风不够大。)
2. 过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)
结构:was/were + 现在分词
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + doing I was sleeping when the earthquake started.
否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren‘t + doing She wasn’t watching TV at that time.
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing? Were you reading when the typhoon came
常见标志词:at 8 last night, at that time, this time yesterday, when/while 引导的时间状语从句
3. when 与 while 的区别
连词 用法 例句
when 后可接短暂动作(一般过去时)或持续动作(过去进行时) I was sleeping when the earthquake started.(地震开始时我正在睡觉。)
while 后面只能接持续动作(过去进行时) While I was sleeping, my mother was cooking.(我睡觉时,妈妈在做饭。)
1.While the students were having an English lesson, a number of birds ________ a loud noise outside.
A.make B.made C.are making D.were making
2.The wind ________ hard outside when I opened the window, and some pieces of paper flew in.
A.blows B.was blowing C.blew D.is blowing
3.When the storm came, I was walking the dog in the park ________ my brother was playing football with his friends there.
A.while B.if C.till D.as
4.Many students ________ disaster prevention habits to protect themselves in daily life.
A.get over B.dress up C.take over D.take up
5.—I missed the heavy rain yesterday.
—________. It was really terrible.
A.Lucky you B.Sounds great C.Bad luck D.That’s right
6.A strong ________ hit the area last night, and heavy rain poured down all night.
A.rainstorm B.story C.hobby D.novel
7.The government ________ people to stay indoors before the typhoon arrived.
A.warned B.helps C.will tell D.is advising
8.People were sleeping soundly ________ the sudden heavy rainstorm hit the village.
A.unless B.as soon as C.although D.until
9.The storm was so heavy that people could ________ walk in the street.
A.hardly B.hard C.nearly D.almost
10.We should show great ________ to different foreign customs and table manners.
A.pride B.respect C.pressure D.warmth
11.We should ________ every person, no matter where they come from.
A.laugh at B.respect C.give up D.run after
12.It’s wise ________ us to learn about cultures around the world.
A.for B.of C.to D.with
13.Many trees ________ down by the strong wind last night.
A.are blown B.were blown C.blew D.blowed
14.He stood quietly and bowed slightly ________ he could show his polite manner.
A.unless B.so that C.until D.because
15.I have ________ finished reading this famous book. It’s truly wonderful.
A.yet B.already C.never D.ever
16.The fire alarm ________ when we were having an evening class yesterday.
A.went off B.turned off C.took off D.got off
17.People prefer ________ safety knowledge in free time rather than ________ nothing.
A.learning; doing B.learning; to do C.to learn; doing D.to learn; do
18.Small acts of ________ can bring great warmth to the whole community.
A.illness B.kindness C.sadness D.darkness
19.You ________ enter the local room ________ you take off your hat in this country.
A.will; unless B.won’t; unless C.will; so that D.won’t; so that
20.Don’t ________ children to take risks in bad weather. It’s too dangerous.
A.push B.reduce C.cause D.manage
21.We usually ________ our thoughts and feelings about books with classmates.
A.share B.donate C.provide D.treat
22.People in Japan often ________ to show their respect when meeting others.
A.bow B.shout C.jump D.dance
23.He fell asleep ________ he was listening to the weather report.
A.until B.while C.because D.so
24.—We should make full preparations for natural disasters.
—OK. ________.
A.It’s a deal B.Just so-so C.Of course not D.I’m afraid so
25.—Many people believe we can’t do anything when we face natural disasters
—I don’t think so. We can still do a lot ________ them. For example, we can learn more knowledge about disasters.
A.Prepare for B.prepared for C.will prepare for D.to prepare for
26.The strong wind made the trees ________ heavily.
A.shake B.shook C.shaking D.to shake
27.The news on the radio reported that a heavy snow ________ the area soon.
A.hits B.hit C.will hit D.would hit
28.The teacher told us that the earth ________ around the sun.
A.goes B.went C.is going D.was going
29.It’s important to stay ________ when we are in danger.
A.calm B.quiet C.still D.silent
30.—What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night
—I ________ my homework when my mom came in.
A.did B.was doing C.have done D.do
31.—Look! The sky is getting darker and darker.
—It ________ that a heavy rain is coming soon.
A.feels B.sounds C.seems D.looks
32.The little girl was ________ scared that she couldn’t say a word.
A.so B.too C.very D.such
33.Tom ________ feels worried about natural disasters, so he often practices safety skills.
A.usually B.never C.hardly ever D.sometimes
34.—________ people has the rescue team rescued so far
—More than 50. They are all safe.
A.How many B.What C.When D.Where
35.I was so scared that I could not think ________ after the accident.
A.clear B.clearly C.clearer D.more clearly
36.She ________ her disaster safety tips with her new classmates yesterday.
A.share B.shares C.shared D.will share
37.The ________ of learning about disaster safety is that we can protect ourselves and our families.
A.meaning B.happy C.calm D.meaningful
38.— How long did it take you to finish your disaster safety report yesterday
— It took us ________ fifty minutes.
A.about B.in C.on D.at
39.The boy feels proud because he ________ his little sister from the shallow flood yesterday.
A.saves B.saved C.has saved D.will save
40.—What did you do in the English class yesterday
—I ________ down the key safety tips about floods in the notebook.
A.write B.writes C.wrote D.will write
41.The teacher told us to ________ the blackboard carefully.
A.look for B.look at C.look after D.look like
42.The old man was walking slowly in the street ________ a heavy snow.
A.because of B.because C.instead of D.instead
43.We ________ keep calm when a natural disaster comes, because panic will bring more danger.
A.is B.are C.should D.shouldn’t
44.She ________ to the radio when her brother came in.
A.listened B.was listening C.listens D.is listening
45.The wind was blowing strongly, and many trees ________ down.
A.fall B.fell C.were falling D.have fallen
46.—Did you see the accident yesterday
—Yes. I ________ when it happened.
A.walk B.walked C.was walking D.have walked
47.—What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night
—I ________ my homework.
A.do B.did C.was doing D.am doing
48.We should try our best to ________ ourselves from the danger of natural disasters.
A.protect B.damage C.rescue D.flood
49.We were having a PE class ________ the storm came.
A.when B.while C.as soon as D.since
50.The safety of people during natural disasters ________ on how well we prepare in advance.
A.depend B.depends C.depended D.will depend
51.The heavy rain for a week ________ a big flood, making many people lose their homes.
A.caused B.avoided C.prevented D.stopped
52.With the help of the rescue team, many people ________ from the flooded area so far.
A.have been rescued B.rescued C.will be rescued D.are rescued
53.—We should stay ________ when we are in danger during a storm.
—You’re right. Panic will only bring more trouble.
A.nervous B.calm C.excited D.worried
54.My cousin was ________ to the radio while I was watching a cartoon on TV.
A.listened B.listening C.listen D.listens
55.—A ________ storm hit our city last night, and it blew down many street lights.
—I was so scared that I didn’t dare to go out.
A.calm B.violent C.light D.weak
56.My brother ________ basketball with his friends while I was cleaning the room.
A.plays B.played C.was playing D.is playing
57.While Lily ________ the piano, her father came back from work.
A.plays B.played C.is playing D.was playing
58.—What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night
—I ________ a book in my bedroom.
A.read B.am reading C.was reading D.reads
59.What ________ you ________ at 8:00 last night The storm was so heavy.
A.were; doing B.did; do C.are; doing D.will; do
60.— Were you reading a book at that time
— No, I ________. I ________ the dishes in the kitchen.
wasn’t; was washing B.didn’t; washed
C.wasn’t; washed D.didn’t; was washing
61.They prepared food and water for people in _________.
A.need B.fact C.return D.danger
62.She didn’t go to bed ________ her mother came back.
A.until B.when C.while D.after
63.When we are in trouble, we should ask for _________ help.
A.relative B.safe C.quick D.high
64.Don’t _________ in the tall building during an earthquake.
A.hide B.relax C.exercise D.perform
65.—Why are you late
—I ________ for the bus for half an hour.
A.waited B.was waiting C.have waited D.am waiting
66.It’s dangerous to _________ inside when an earthquake happens.
A.stay B.sleep C.lie D.chat
67.—What were you doing when the rainstorm came
—I ________ my homework in my bedroom.
A.do B.did C.am doing D.was doing
68.We need to make enough _________ for the coming snowstorm.
A.preparations B.suggestions C.achievements D.solutions
69.—Did you see Tom at the bus stop this morning
—Yes, he ________ for the bus when I got there.
A.waited B.was waiting C.is waiting D.waits
70.I have ________ to tell you. Please listen carefully.
A.important something B.something important
C.important anything D.anything important
71.The heavy rain ________ us ________ going out for a picnic.
A.stopped; from B.made; / C.let; / D.kept; /
72.—What ________ when you saw the waves
—I was screaming and running.
A.did you do B.were you doing C.are you doing D.have you done
73.The students ________ an English class when the fire alarm went off.
A.have B.had C.were having D.are having
74.Don’t forget ________ your phone before the storm comes. You might need it for help.
A.charge B.to charge C.charging D.charged
75.—Can you tell me ________ the flood waters started to go down
—Three days after the rain stopped.
A.why B.when C.what D.where
76.—We ________ home from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started.
—Oh no! That was dangerous.
A.drive B.are driving C.were driving D.have driven
77.He didn’t go to school ________ the heavy rain.
A.because B.because of C.so D.though
78.The little girl ________ when her mother came back.
A.cries B.cried C.is crying D.was crying
79.—________ we leave school early today There’s a storm warning.
—Yes, you ________. Your parents have been notified.
A.Must; can B.Can; may C.Should; must D.May; need
80.She ________ to the radio when the accident happened.
A.listened B.was listening C.listens D.has listened
81.What ________ you ________ at 8 o’clock last night
A.are; doing B.did; do C.were; doing D.have; done
82.According to the news ________, the earthquake caused great damage to the small town.
A.interview B.review C.report D.flood
83.Unlike his ________ habit of walking to work, he took a taxi because of the heavy rain.
A.sudden B.usual C.unlucky D.terrible
84.Good literary works can teach us a lot about ________ and life.
A.bone B.society C.doubt D.attack
85.It’s ________ to swim in the river alone, so we must stop him.
A.unsafe B.safe C.safety D.safely
86.The weather report warned people ________ inside during the sandstorm.
A.stay B.staying C.to stay D.to staying
87.The hikers were ________ to meet a snowstorm on their way down the mountain.
A.unlucky B.thankful C.sudden D.nearly
88.________ the earthquake stopped, people ran out of the building to find a safe place.
A.As soon as B.By the time C.While D.Because
89.The teacher asked us to ________ what we learned about natural disasters at home.
A.avoid B.review C.cause D.experience
90.The old man refused ________ his house even though the floodwater was rising quickly.
A.leave B.leaving C.to leave D.To leaving
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1.D
【解析】句意:当学生们正在上英语课时,许多鸟儿正在外面发出很大的噪音。
根据“While the students were having an English lesson”可知,主句动作发生在过去某一时刻正在进行的过程中,应用过去进行时,且主语“a number of birds”是复数,be动词用were。应选were making。
2.B
【解析】句意:当我打开窗户时,外面风正刮得很大,一些纸片飞了进来。
句中“opened”和“flew”提示,句子描述的是过去发生的事情。当打开窗户这一动作发生时,风正在刮,强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。应填was blowing。
3.A
【解析】句意:当暴风雨来临时,我正在公园里遛狗,而我的弟弟正在那里和他的朋友们踢足球。
while当……时候,而;if如果;till直到;as当……时,因为。根据“I was walking”以及“my brother was playing”可知,前后分句都是过去进行时,表示两个动作同时发生,应填while。
4.D
【解析】句意:许多学生在日常生活中养成防灾习惯以保护自己。
get over克服;dress up打扮;take over接管;take up开始从事、养成。根据“disaster prevention habits”和“protect themselves”可知,此处指为了保护自己而“养成”防灾习惯,take up符合语境。
5.A
【解析】句意:——我昨天错过了大雨(没淋到雨)。——你真幸运。那真的很糟糕。
考查情境交际用语。根据上文可知说话人没淋到雨,结合下文可知雨势很大且糟糕,因此没淋到雨是幸运的事,此处应填入表示庆幸的表达。选项A符合语境;选项B常用于回应建议;选项C常用于表示不幸;选项D常用于表示赞同。
6.A
【解析】句意:昨晚一场强烈的暴雨袭击了该地区,整夜大雨倾盆。
rainstorm暴雨;story故事;hobby爱好;novel小说。根据后半句“heavy rain poured down all night”可知整夜大雨倾盆,推测出是暴雨袭击了该地区。
7.A
【解析】句意:台风到来之前,政府警告人们待在室内。
warned警告;helps帮助;will tell将要告诉;is advising正在建议。根据时间状语从句“before the typhoon arrived”中的谓语动词arrived可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,主句应使用一般过去时。应填warned。
8.D
【解析】句意:人们正在熟睡,直到突如其来的暴雨袭击了村庄。
unless除非;as soon as一……就……;although虽然;until直到……为止。根据“People were sleeping soundly”和“the sudden heavy rainstorm hit the village”,人们一直在睡,直到暴雨袭击才结束这种状态,应用until。
9.A
【解析】句意:暴风雨如此猛烈,以至于人们几乎不能在街上行走。
hardly几乎不;hard努力地;nearly几乎;almost几乎。根据“The storm was so heavy”可知暴风雨很大,推测出人们“几乎不能”在街上行走,hardly表示否定含义,符合语境。
10.B
【解析】句意:我们应该对不同的外国习俗和餐桌礼仪表现出极大的尊重。
pride骄傲;respect尊重;pressure压力;warmth温暖。根据“We should show great... to different foreign customs and table manners.”可知,对待不同的习俗和礼仪应持有尊重的态度,且“show respect to”是固定搭配,意为“对……表示尊重”。respect符合。
11.B
【解析】句意:我们应该尊重每一个人,无论他们来自哪里。
respect尊重;laugh at嘲笑;give up放弃;run after追逐。根据句意及常识可知,无论他人来自哪里,我们都应当持有平等的态度,即“尊重”每一个人。故“respect”符合语境。
12.B
【解析】句意:对我们来说了解世界各地的文化是明智的。
for对于;of……的;to到;with和。固定句型“It is+adj.+of/for+sb.+to do sth.”,当形容词描述人的品质时用介词of,描述事物性质时用介词for。本题wise意为“明智的”,形容人,应填of。
13.B
【解析】句意:昨晚许多树被强风吹倒了。
根据时间状语“last night”可知句子时态为一般过去时;根据“by the strong wind”可知主语Many trees与动词blow之间是被动关系,需用“was/were +过去分词”结构。blow的过去分词是blown,主语Many trees为复数,be动词应用were。
14.B
【解析】句意:他安静地站着并微微鞠躬,以便能够展示他礼貌的举止。
unless除非;so that以便,为了(引导目的状语从句);until直到;because因为。根据句意,站好并鞠躬的目的是“展示礼貌”,应用so that引导目的状语从句。
15.B
【解析】句意:我已经读完这本著名的书了。它真的很精彩。
yet还,已经,通常用于否定句和疑问句;already已经,通常用于肯定句;never从不;ever曾经。根据题干是肯定句,且后句“It’s truly wonderful.”表明动作已完成,因此用already。
16.A
【解析】句意:昨天我们在上晚课时,火警响了。
went off (警报) 响起/爆炸;turned off关闭;took off脱下/起飞;got off下车。根据“The fire alarm”可知是警报响起,应填went off。
17.D
【解析】句意:人们宁愿在空闲时间学习安全知识也不愿什么都不做。
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。根据句中的rather than可知,第一空用动词不定式to learn,第二空用动词原形do。
18.B
【解析】句意:小小的善举能给整个社区带来巨大的温暖。
illness疾病;kindness善意;sadness悲伤;darkness黑暗。根据“bring great warmth”可知,此处应填入表示积极意义的词,kindness符合语境,意为“善行、善意”。
19.B
【解析】句意:在这个国家,你将不能进入当地房间,除非你脱下帽子。
unless意为“除非”,引导条件状语从句;so that 意为“以便”,引导目的状语从句。根据语境可知,“脱帽子”是“进入房间”的前提条件,且隐含否定意义(不脱帽就不能进),所以第二空选 unless;主句表示按规定将不允许进入,应用否定形式 won’t。应填won’t; unless。
20.A
【解析】句意:不要逼迫孩子在恶劣天气下冒险。太危险了。
push推,逼迫;reduce减少;cause导致;manage管理。根据“It’s too dangerous.”可知天气恶劣很危险,大人不应逼迫孩子去冒险。push sb. to do sth.意为“逼迫某人做某事”,符合语境。所以选A。
21.A
【解析】句意:我们通常和同学们分享我们对书籍的想法和感受。
share分享;donate捐赠;provide提供;treat对待。根据“our thoughts and feelings about books with classmates”可知,此处表示“与同学分享想法和感受”,share符合语境。
22.A
【解析】句意:日本人在见到他人时经常鞠躬以示尊重。
bow鞠躬;shout大喊;jump跳跃;dance跳舞。根据“to show their respect when meeting others”及文化常识可知,日本人在见面时通常鞠躬以示尊重,bow符合语境。
23.B
【解析】句意:他在听天气预报的时候睡着了。
until直到;while当……时候;because因为;so所以。从句he was listening to the weather report为过去进行时,体现持续进行的动作,while常用来引导带有延续性动作的进行时从句,能体现主句“睡着”的短暂动作发生在 “听天气预报”的过程中,契合语境,应填while。
24.A
【解析】句意:——我们应该为自然灾害做好充分准备。——好的。就这么定了。
It’s a deal成交/就这么定了;Just so-so马马虎虎;Of course not当然不;I’m afraid so恐怕是这样。根据答语“OK”可知同意对方的建议,需要选择一个表示确认或同意的用语。应填It’s a deal。
25.D
【解析】句意:——许多人认为面对自然灾害时我们无能为力?——我不这么认为。我们仍然可以做很多事情来为它们做准备。例如,我们可以学习更多关于灾害的知识。
根据语法规则,此处用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了做某事”。to prepare for意为“为…… 做准备”,符合语境。
26.A
【解析】句意:强风使得树木剧烈摇晃。
根据固定搭配“make sb./sth. do sth.”表示“使某人/某物做某事”可知,“make”后接宾语补足语时用动词原形,因此填“shake”。
27.D
【解析】句意:收音机里的新闻报道说一场大雪即将袭击该地区。
主句中“reported”提示时态为一般过去时,宾语从句表示“即将发生”的动作,应用过去将来时would hit。
28.A
【解析】句意:老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象,即使主句是过去时,从句也需用一般现在时。本句中“地球绕着太阳转”属于客观真理,不受主句told的过去时影响,从句主语the earth是单数,谓语动词需用单三形式,应填goes。
29.A
【解析】句意:当我们身处危险时,保持冷静很重要。
calm冷静的;quiet安静的;still静止的;silent沉默的。结合语境,此处指在危险中要保持情绪上的镇定,因此选calm。
30.B
【解析】句意:——昨晚八点你在做什么?——当我妈妈进来的时候,我正在做作业。
did做(一般过去式);was doing正在做(过去进行时);have done已经做(现在完成时);do做(一般现在时)。根据问句“What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night ”和“when my mom came in”可知,此处强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时was doing。
31.C
【解析】句意:——看!天空变得越来越暗了。——似乎很快就要下大雨了。
feels感觉;sounds听起来;seems似乎;looks看起来。根据“It ________ that...”结构可知,此处考查“It seems that...”固定句型,意为“看起来好像……”,符合语境。
32.A
【解析】句意:这个小女孩如此害怕以至于一句话都说不出来。
so如此;too太;very非常;such如此。短语so...that...如此……以至于……,so后接形容词或副词;such...that...如此……以至于……,such后接名词。scared为形容词,后接that引导的从句,应填so。
33.A
【解析】句意:汤姆通常对自然灾害感到担心,所以他经常练习安全技能。
usually通常;never从不;hardly ever几乎不;sometimes有时。根据后半句so he often practices safety skills可知,他经常练习安全技能,说明他感到担心的频率较高。应填usually。
34.A
【解析】句意:——到目前为止救援队已经救出了多少人?——超过50人。他们都很安全。
How many多少(用于询问可数名词数量);What什么;When何时;Where哪里。答句回答的是人数,问句需用“How many”提问可数名词的数量。
35.B
【解析】句意:事故之后我如此害怕以至于我不能清晰地思考。
clear清楚的(形容词);clearly清楚地(副词);clearer更清楚的(形容词比较级);more clearly更清楚地(副词比较级)。根据空格处修饰动词think可知,应用副词,且句中没有比较含义,不用比较级。
36.C
【解析】句意:她昨天和她的新同学们分享了她的灾害安全提示。
根据句末时间状语“yesterday”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,谓语动词需用过去式。应选shared。
37.A
【解析】句意:学习灾难安全的意义在于我们可以保护自己和家人。
meaning意义,名词;happy快乐的,形容词;calm平静,名词,冷静的,形容词;meaningful有意义的,形容词。根据句子结构“The ... of”可知,定冠词The后需接名词作主语。结合语境“we can protect ourselves and our families”,此处指的是学习灾难安全的“意义”这一概念,应填meaning。
38.A
【解析】句意:——昨天完成你的灾害安全报告花了你多长时间?——它花了我们大约五十分钟。
about大约;in在……里;on在……上;at 在……点。根据问句“How long”询问时间段,答语中“fifty minutes”为时间段,前面加“about”表示“大约”五十分钟,符合语境,in 可与时间段连用,表示在……之内或用……时间,但在“It took sb.…”这一结构中通常不用in;on, at则多用于具体日期或时间点。
39.B
【解析】句意:这个男孩感到自豪,因为他昨天从浅水区中救了他的小妹妹。
根据时间状语yesterday可知,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时saved。
40.C
【解析】句意:——昨天你在英语课上做了什么?——我在笔记本上写下了关于洪水的关键安全提示。
根据问句中的时间状语“yesterday”及助动词“did”可知,答语描述的是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,动词用过去式。应填wrote。
41.B
【解析】句意:老师告诉我们要仔细看黑板。
look for寻找;look at看;look after照顾;look like看起来像。根据“The teacher told us to...the blackboard carefully.”可知,老师要求学生注意看黑板。应填look at。
42.A
【解析】句意:因为一场大雪,这位老人正在街上缓慢地行走。
because后接从句,because of后接名词或名词短语,instead of表示替代关系,instead为副词。空格后“a heavy snow”是名词短语,且表原因,此处用because of。
43.C
【解析】句意:当自然灾害来临时,我们应该保持冷静,因为恐慌会带来更多的危险。
is是;are是;should应该;shouldn’t不应该。根据后半句“因为恐慌会带来更多的危险”可知,此处表示建议,应使用should表示“应该”,且情态动词后接动词原形keep。
44.B
【解析】句意:当她哥哥进来时,她正在听收音机。
根据“when her brother came in”可知,动作发生在过去,主句“She...to the radio”表示当时正在听收音机,应该用过去进行时,应填was listening。
45.B
【解析】句意:风刮得很大,许多树被刮倒了。
根据“The wind was blowing strongly”中的“was blowing”可知,此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时;且树倒下是过去发生的瞬间动作,应填fell。
46.C
【解析】句意:——你昨天看到那场事故了吗?——是的。当事故发生时,我正在步行。
根据“when it happened”可知,事故发生在过去某一时刻,此处强调当事故发生时“我”正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,其结构为was/were+动词的现在分词。主语是I,用was,walk的现在分词是walking。
47.C
【解析】句意:——昨天晚上 8 点钟你在干什么?——我正在做我的家庭作业。
do动词原形;did过去式;was doing过去进行时;am doing现在进行时。根据问句“What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night ”可知,询问的是过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,答句应用过去进行时。
48.A
【解析】句意:我们应该尽最大努力保护我们自己免受自然灾害的危险。
protect保护;damage损害;rescue营救;flood淹没。根据“try our best to...ourselves from the danger”可知,应该是保护自己免受自然灾害的危险,固定搭配protect...from...,意为“保护……免受……”,应填protect。
49.A
【解析】句意:我们正在上体育课,这时暴风雨来了。
when当……时;while当……时;as soon as一……就……;since自从。本句是“was/were doing sth when...”结构 ,表示“正在做某事,这时(突然)……”,when用于引出预料之外的事,后通常跟短暂性动词,而while后通常跟持续性动词。
50.B
【解析】句意:自然灾害期间人们的安全取决于我们提前准备得有多好。
句子表达的是一个一般性的陈述,是一种客观事实,所以用一般现在时。句子主语是The safety of people during natural disasters,中心词是safety,为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,应填depends。
51.A
【解析】句意:一周的大雨导致了一场大洪水,使许多人失去了家园。
caused导致;avoided避免;prevented阻止;stopped停止。根据“The heavy rain for a week”以及后半句“making many people lose their homes”可知,大雨是造成洪水的原因,导致人们失去家园。应填caused。
52.A
【解析】句意:在救援队的帮助下,到目前为止许多人都已从洪水灾区被营救出来。
根据时间状语so far可知,句子应该用现在完成时;主语many people与动词rescue之间是被动关系,所以应用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为have/has been done。主语为第三人称复数,应填have been rescued。
53.B
【解析】句意:——当我们在暴风雨中处于危险时,我们应该保持冷静。——你说得对。恐慌只会带来更多的麻烦。
nervous紧张的;calm冷静的;excited兴奋的;worried担心的。根据答语“Panic will only bring more trouble.”可知,恐慌会带来麻烦,遇到危险时应保持冷静。应填calm。
54.B
【解析】句意:我表弟在听收音机时,我正在看电视上的动画片。
根据题干“My cousin was...”与“while I was watching”可知,while引导的从句用过去进行时,主句也用过去进行时,表示两个动作同时发生,应填listening。
55.B
【解析】句意:——昨晚一场猛烈的风暴袭击了我们的城市,它吹倒了许多路灯。——我太害怕了以至于不敢出去。
calm平静的;violent猛烈的;light轻的;weak弱的。根据“it blew down many street lights”可知风暴威力很大,吹倒了路灯,推测出是猛烈的风暴。
56.C
【解析】句意:当我在打扫房间的时候,我哥哥正在和他的朋友们打篮球。
句子是“while”引导的时间状语从句,从句用了过去进行时“was cleaning”,表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作,主句也应使用过去进行时,表示两个动作同时发生,应填was playing。
57.D
【解析】句意:当莉莉正在弹钢琴时,她的父亲下班回来了。
根据“while”引导的时间状语从句及主句谓语“came”为一般过去时可知,从句表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,需用过去进行时,结构为was/were+doing。主语“Lily”是第三人称单数,be动词用was。
58.C
【解析】句意:——昨晚八点你在做什么?——我正在卧室里看书。
根据问句“What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night”可知,询问过去具体的时间正在进行的动作,答句应用过去进行时,应填was reading。
59.A
【解析】句意:昨晚 8 点你正在做什么?风暴太大了。
根据时间状语“at 8:00 last night”可知,此处表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,结构为 “was/were + doing”。主语是 you,be动词用were。故选 A。
60.A
【解析】句意:——那时你正在读书吗?——不,我没有。我正在厨房洗碗。
问句是由“Were”引导的一般疑问句,主语是“I”,否定回答用wasn’t,排除B、D;根据“at that time”可知,第二空表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时was washing,排除C。故选A。
61.A
【解析】句意:他们为有需要的人准备了食物和水。
in need有需要的,in fact事实上,in return作为回报,in danger处于危险中。根据“prepared food and water”可知,此处指为有需要的人提供物资,故选need。
62.A
【解析】句意:她直到她的妈妈回来才上床睡觉。
until直到……为止;when当……时候;while当……时候;after在……之后。根据“She didn’t go to bed...her mother came back”可知,女孩在妈妈回来之前一直没睡,直到妈妈回来才去睡,“not...until...”表示“直到……才……”,应填until。
63.C
【解析】句意:当我们遇到麻烦时,我们应该寻求及时的帮助。
relative相对的;safe安全的;quick及时的,快速的;high高的。根据“When we are in trouble”可知,身处困境时获得救助的速度往往至关重要。应选用quick。
64.A
【解析】句意:地震时不要躲在高层建筑里。
hide躲藏;relax放松;exercise锻炼;perform表演。根据“during an earthquake”及地震安全常识可知,不应躲在建筑内,尤其是高层建筑,hide符合语境。
65.B
【解析】句意:——你为什么迟到了?——我那时等公交车等了半小时。
此处表达的是过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,应填was waiting。
66.A
【解析】句意:地震发生时待在室内是危险的。
stay停留;sleep睡觉;lie躺;chat聊天。根据地震安全常识,地震发生时留在室内存在安全隐患,stay符合题意。
67.D
【解析】句意:——暴风雨来临时你正在做什么?——我正在卧室里做作业。
根据问句“What were you doing when the rainstorm came ”可知时态为过去进行时,答语应保持时态一致,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,结构为 was/were+doing。主语是I,be动词用was。
68.A
【解析】句意:我们需要为即将到来的暴风雪做好足够的准备。
preparations准备;suggestions建议;achievements成就;solutions解决方案。根据“for the coming snowstorm”及常识可知,应对暴风雪需要提前准备,preparations符合语境,固定搭配“make preparations for”意为“为……做准备”。
69.B
【解析】句意:——你今天早上在公交车站看到汤姆了吗?——是的,当我到那里时,他正在等公交车。
根据“when I got there”可知,此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,结构为“was/were+doing”,主语he是第三人称单数,be动词用was。应填was waiting。
70.B
【解析】句意:我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。请仔细听。
important something形式错误;something important重要的事情;important anything形式错误;anything important任何重要的事情,常用于否定句或疑问句中。形容词修饰不定代词时应放在不定代词之后,排除A和C;something常用于肯定句,anything常用于否定句或疑问句,本句为肯定句,something important符合题意。
71.A
【解析】句意:大雨阻止了我们外出野餐。
stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事;make/let sb. do sth.让某人做某事,后接动词原形;keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事。根据句意可知大雨阻碍了野餐计划,且空后为“going”,排除后接原形的B、C项;D项“kept”后缺少“from”,语意变为“让我们一直外出”,不合逻辑。A项结构正确且符合语境。
72.B
【解析】句意:——当你看到海浪时你正在做什么?——我正在尖叫和奔跑。
根据答语“I was screaming and running.”可知时态为过去进行时。结合时间状语从句“when you saw the waves”表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,问句应用过去进行时结构were you doing。
73.C
【解析】句意:当火警警报响起时,学生们正在上英语课。
根据“when the fire alarm went off”可知,主句动作是发生在过去的某一时刻正在进行的动作,went off是一般过去时,表示过去某个时间点,此时学生们正在上课,应用过去进行时。应填were having。
74.B
【解析】句意:在暴风雨来临之前别忘了给你的手机充电。你可能需要它来求助。
forget to do sth.意为“忘记要做某事”,表示动作尚未发生,应填to charge符合“暴风雨来临前需要充电”的语境。
75.B
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我洪水是什么时候开始退去的吗?——雨停后的三天。
why为什么;when什么时候;what什么;where在哪里。根据答语“Three days after the rain stopped.”可知,此处询问的是时间,应用when引导宾语从句。
76.C
【解析】句意:——当大风开始刮的时候,我们正从亲戚家开车回家。——哦不!那太危险了。
根据when the strong winds started可知,时间状语从句是一般过去时,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,主句应用过去进行时,结构为was/were + doing。主语是We,be动词用were。
77.B
【解析】句意:他因为大雨没有去上学。
because因为(连词,后接句子);because of因为(介词短语,后接名词或代词);so所以;though虽然。根据空格后的“the heavy rain”是名词短语可知,此处需用介词短语because of来表示原因,而because后需接完整句子。
78.D
【解析】句意:当她的妈妈回来时,这个小女孩正在哭。
根据when her mother came back中的came可知句子发生在过去。when引导的时间状语从句中,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,表示当一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。主语The little girl是单数,用was。所以填was crying。
79.B
【解析】句意:——我们今天可以早点离开学校吗?有暴风雨预警。——是的,你们可以。你们的父母已经接到通知了。
can可以;may可以;must必须;should应该;need需要。根据“There’s a storm warning.”可知,因为有暴风雨预警,所以询问是否可以早点离开学校,第一空用can或may都可以;再根据“Your parents have been notified.”可知,父母已经接到通知了,所以可以早点离开,第二空应填can或may,结合选项可知,只有B选项符合题意。
80.B
【解析】句意:当事故发生时,她正在听收音机。
根据“when the accident happened”可知,从句是一般过去时,主句表示过去某一时刻动作正在进行,应用过去进行时,结构为was/were doing,空处应填was listening。
81.C
【解析】句意:昨晚8点你正在做什么?
根据时间状语“at 8 o’clock last night”可知,句子强调过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,结构为was/were+doing,主语是you,be动词用were。故填were;doing。
82.C
【解析】句意:根据新闻报道,这次地震给这个小镇造成了巨大的损失。
interview采访;review复习,评论;report报道;flood洪水。根据“According to the news...”及后半句“the earthquake caused great damage”可知,此处指通过新闻报道得知地震情况,news report意为“新闻报道”,符合语境。
83.B
【解析】句意:不像他通常步行上班的习惯,因为大雨他坐了出租车。
sudden突然的;usual通常的;unlucky不幸的;terrible可怕的。根据“Unlike”和“took a taxi”可知,今天打车不同于往常步行的习惯,推测出是“通常的”习惯。
84.B
【解析】句意:优秀的文学作品可以教会我们很多关于社会和生活的知识。
bone骨头;society社会;doubt怀疑;attack攻击。根据“Good literary works”可知,文学作品通常反映现实,能让人了解社会状况和生活道理。
85.A
【解析】句意:独自在河里游泳是不安全的,所以我们必须阻止他。
unsafe不安全的(形容词);safe安全的(形容词);safety安全(名词);safely安全地(副词)。 固定句型It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.,空格处需要填入形容词,先排除名词safety和副词safely;根据后半句“我们必须阻止他”,能判断“独自在河里游泳是危险、不安全的”,因此选unsafe。
86.C
【解析】句意:天气预报警告人们在沙尘暴期间待在室内。
warn sb. to do sth.“警告某人做某事”,固定搭配,后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,应填to stay。
87.A
【解析】句意:徒步旅行者在下山途中遇到暴风雪是不幸的。
unlucky不幸的;thankful感激的;sudden突然的;nearly几乎。根据“meet a snowstorm”可知,遇到暴风雪是危险或糟糕的事情,推测徒步旅行者是不幸的,unlucky符合语境。
88.A
【解析】句意:地震一停止,人们就跑出大楼去寻找安全的地方。
As soon as一……就……,引导时间状语从句;By the time到……时候为止,引导时间状语从句;While当……时候,引导时间状语从句;Because因为,引导原因状语从句。“the earthquake stopped”和“people ran out of the building to find a safe place.”提示,人们是在地震停止后立刻跑出大楼,强调动作紧接着发生,应用As soon as 引导时间状语从句。
89.B
【解析】句意:老师让我们在家复习我们关于自然灾害所学的内容。
avoid避免;review复习;cause引起;experience经历。根据“what we learned... at home”可知,老师通常要求学生在家复习所学的知识,review符合语境。
90.C
【解析】句意:尽管洪水迅速上涨,这位老人拒绝离开他的房子。
refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”,固定搭配,应使用动词不定式to leave。
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